Unit 1 book1 3rd
Toward a Bright Future for All
I. New words
pledge [pledʒ]
n. 保证，誓言 vt. 保证，许诺；
keep his pledge
At this moment, in this election, we must pledge once more to march into the future.
在这一时刻，在这次选举中，我们必须再一次保证，向未来挺进。
pose vt.& vi.
1. 使摆姿势;以…身份出现;招摇;炫耀
2.提出;造成（威胁、问题等）;引起;产生
n. 姿态;姿势;装腔作势;伪装
After the wedding we all posed for a photo.
工人运动对他们的利益造成了直接威胁。
The workers' movement poses a direct threat to their interests.
routine [ruː'tiːn]
n. [计] 程序；日常工作；例行公事
adj. 日常的；例行的
早上8点到办公室，一直呆到下午5点，这已经成了我的惯例。
Arriving at the office at 8 a.m. and staying there until 5 p.m. has become my routine.
The problem was discovered during a routine check.
例行检查
tain ： hold
attain v 获得（at 加强动作+tain→拿住了→获得）
attainable a 可达到的（attain+able→获得
attainment n 成就，造诣（attain获得+ment→获得的成就）
同根词
contain v 包含，包容（con全部+tain→全部拿住→包容）
obtain v 获得，达到
（ob加强动作+tain→拿到→获得）
retain v 维持，保留
（re回+tain→拿回来→保留）
sustain v 支持；赡养
（sus下面+tain→在下面拿住[撑住]→支持）
entertain v 招待；娱乐
（enter在中间+tain→在[工作]中间拿 ）
entertainment 娱乐，款待
maintain v 维持；坚持
（main[=man手]+tain→用手拿住→坚持）
maintenance n 维护；坚持
comprehensive adj. 综合的；广泛的；有理解力的
comprehensive evaluation 综合评价，综合评价法 comprehensive analysis 综合分析
fascinating
fascinate ['fæsineit] vt.
1. (用个人的魅力、独特的能力等等)迷住；使着迷；使陶醉，使神魂颠倒：
The actress's beauty fascinated everyone.
2.使呆住，慑住…使动弹不得；蛊惑：
Snakes are said to fascinate small animals.
据说蛇能蛊惑小动物。
a fascinating trip
Pursue [pə'sjuː] vt. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠
他想工作两年以后再去读学士学位。
He wanted to pursue a bachelor's degree after working for two years.
The police are pursuing an escaped prisoner.
警方正在追捕一名越狱逃犯。
pursuit n.
overwhelm [əʊvə'welm]
vt. 淹没；压倒；受打击；覆盖；压垮
Flood overwhelmed the city. 洪水淹没了那座城市。
I was overwhelmed by such a temptation. 我经受不住那样的诱惑。
be overwhelmed by 受不起, 被征服，震撼
be overwhelmed with 淹没于
My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death.
我心里甚是忧伤，几乎要死
People were overwhelmed with amazement . \" He has done everything well , \" they said . \" He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak .” 分外好奇
available adj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的
We must utilize all available resources.
我们必须利用可以得到的一切资源。
We have a single room available .
我们有一间单人房间可以租（给你）。
Mr Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment.
利奇先生休假了，不方便作出评论。
sample 英 [ˈsɑ:mpl] 美 [ˈsæmpl]
n. 样品;标本，榜样;（化验的）取样;
vt. 取…的样品，尤指用样品来检验;品尝;抽样调查
We sampled a selection of different bottled waters.
我们品尝了一系列不同品牌的瓶装水。
We're giving away 2000 free samples. 我们正免费发放2,000份样品。
assume 英 [ə'sjuːm] 美 [ə'sum] vt. 假定
I assume that every college student has access to the Internet.
我以为每个大学生都可以使用互联网。
virtual 英 [ˈvɜ:tʃuəl] 美 [ˈvɜ:rtʃuəl]
adj. [计] 虚拟的；实质上的，事实上的（但未在名义上或正式获承认）
Up to four players can compete in a virtual world of role playing .
He claimed to be a virtual prisoner in his own home.
yield [jiːld] vt. 屈服；出产，产生；放弃
n. 产量；收益
我们绝不会向征服者屈服。
We shall never yield to a conqueror.
Instead of high yield, however, they got water and air pollution.
transmit
trans-表示“变换，改变，转移”
transplant移植（trans+plant种→转移过去→移植）
transmit传送，传播（trans+mit送→横着送消息→传播）
transform
Transfer
transmit
Miss,mit= send,cast,表示“送，放出”
commit v 委托；委任(com共同＋mit→共同送→委任）
submit v 使屈服；提出（sub下面＋mit→送下去→屈服）
permit v 许可，允许（per始终＋mit→始终放出来→许可）
omit v 省去，略去（o出＋mit→送出→省略）
admit v 许可入学等；承认（ad+mit→送来→许可进入）
II. Text structure: ( structured writing ) The passage can be divided into 3 parts.
Part1 (para.1-3) Opening part of the welcome speech
Part 2 (para.4-7) Making the best of what you have.
Challenging yourself.
Facing new experiences.
Opportunities and responsibilities.
Part 3 (Para.8) Concluding remarks of the welcome speech.
III. Detailed study of the text
1. As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university.
句型 1
2.Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. (Para. 1)
Meaning:
Your entering this university is an important success. This success is due to many years of your hard work, and many years of your parents’ and teachers’ hard work.
3.In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. (Para. 2)
Meaning: When I am welcoming you to this university, something I remember is my own high school graduation and the photo my mom took of my dad and me.
Remind sb. of sb./sth.
make sb. remember sb. that they know or sth that happened in the past.
The song always reminds me of our holiday in Mexico.
4.You will miss your old routines and your parents’ reminders to work hard…
Reminder: n. sth that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth.
The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn’t quite finished.
寒冷的天气提醒人们冬天还没有过去。
5.You have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school,
and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with your laundry!
Figures of speech
In a speech, the speaker can employ a variety of figures of speech to make his speech vivid and powerful, such as simile, metaphor, contrast, parallelism and repetition.
parallelism
In parallelism, coordinate ideas are arranged in words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs to emphasize and point out relations.
Parallel structure can make a speech powerful, persuasive and thought-provoking.
More examples:
I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted（尊贵的）, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked（弯曲的）places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and flesh shall see it together.
我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将生活在 一个不是以皮肤的颜色，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家。
我梦想有一天，深谷弥合，高山夷平，歧路化坦途，曲径成通衢，上帝的光华再现，
普天下生灵共谒。
If he did, I am sorry I never told him（我是多么对不起他，我是个多么不孝敬的儿子，我是多么后悔）_ how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it
I think of them (每当我因为一些琐事而怨天尤人的时候，每当我嫉妒别人运气比我好的时候，每当我没有一颗“好心”的时候) when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another’s good fortune, when I don’t have a “good heart” • 6.But know this：The future is built on a strong foundation of the past. ( Para. 3)
• Meaning: But you should know that your future success can only be attained when it is built on a solid past.
• 7. For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. (Para.4)
• Meaning: For you, the next four years in university will be different from any other period of time in your life.
• 8. You will learn to get by very little sleep,…
• get by: 过得去，勉强对付
• He can get by with his old overcoat this winter.
• 今年冬天他可以靠那件旧大衣勉强对付过去。
• 9. make the most of充分利用
• You only have one ride through life
so make the most of it and enjoy it.
• 生命是条单行道，你只能走一次，所以好好利用，并且享受它吧。
• 10. reap the benefits 受益，得享好处
• Keep on reading extensively, and you will reap the benefits sooner or later.
• 继续广泛阅读，你会受益的。
• 11. You may feel overwhelmed by the wealth of courses available to you. (Para. 5)
• Meaning: When facing the large number of courses that you can take at college, you may not know how to choose.
• feel overwhelmed by. 不知所措
• Nowadays, many young people feel overwhelmed by the fierce competition in the job market.
• 现如今，激烈的竞争让许多年轻人不知所措。
• 12. You will not be able to experience them all, but sample them widely! (Para. 5)
• Meaning: You will not be able to take all the courses, but try as many different courses as possible to see what they are like.
• 13.If I could give you only one piece of advice about selecting courses, it would be this: Challenge yourself!
• 句型3
• 14. in advance
• 开会时间如有变， 请提前告诉我们。
• If there is any change about the time of
the meeting, please notify us in advance.
• 15.stand a chance of 有机会，有希望
• 在这种极端天气下动物很难存活。
• Animals stand little chance of survival under such extreme weather.
• 16. A wonderful example of this is the fashion designer, Vera Wang, who originally studied art history.
• 句型 4
• 17. Over time, Wang paired her studies in art history with her love of fashion and turned it into a passion for design, which ...
• Meaning: Gradually, Wang combined her studies in atr history with her love of fashion and developed it into a passion for design,...
• over time: gradually
• 不管是好是坏，事情慢慢都是要变的。
• For good or bad, things will change over time.
• pair: vt. put two people or things together 使成对，配对
• 要是用高跟鞋来配这条连衣裙，你看上去就棒极了。
• You will look wonderful if you pair this dress with high heels.
• turn (sb./sth.) into sth.
• 好莱坞发现了她，并把她变成了明星。
• Hollywood discovered her and turned her into a star.
• 18. all at once: 1) at the same time
• 她同时有两个项目要做，三个班级要教，还有一个婴儿要照顾。
• She had two projects at hand, three classes to teach, and a baby to take care of all at once.
• 2) suddenly and unexpectedly
• 突然传来重重的敲门声。
• All at once there was a loud banging on the door.
• 19. early bird: 1) n. (infml) sb. who gets up early in the morning
• My mom is an early bird——she always gets up at 5 in the morning.
• 2) sb. who arrives somewhere or does sth. before other people 早到的人，捷足先登者
• Go down to the store as early as you can because it is the early bird that catches the worm. If you get there by 10 o'clock, the best stuff will have been sold out.
• night owl : [C] (infml) 夜猫子
• 20. outweigh: vt. be more important or valuable than sth. else
• 这个新政策利大于弊。
• The advantages of the new policy outweigh the disadvantages.
• 21. So, with a glow in your eye and a song in your heart, step forward to meet these new experiences! (Para. 6)
• Meaning: Therefore, with the excitement and enthusiasm that I know you must have in your heart, I encourage you to go forward from here and face this new part of your life!
• 22.We have confidence that your journey toward ...more than personal advancement.
• Meaning: We firmly believe that this educational process will help you learn a great deal about yourself. And it will help you find your own passion. This will not only bring about personal advancement, but also help you become a complete person.
• 23. We believe that as you become members our community of scholars, you will soon come to realize that with the abundant opportunities for self-enrichment provided by the university, there also come responsibilities.
• Meaning: We believe that once you join our group of scholars, you will soon come to realize that while the university offers you so many chances for personal development, there come duties as well.
• 24. A wise man said: “Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another.” (Para. 7)
• Meaning: A wise man said that education is truly the spirit and heart of a society because it passes from generation to generation.
• 25. Now it is your turn. (Para. 7)
• Meaning: Now it is time for you to acquire knowledge and pass it on.
• 26. We take great pleasure in opening the door to this great step in your journey. We take delight in the many opportunities which you will find, and in the responsibilities that you will carry as citizens of your communities, your country, and the world. (Para.8 )
• Meaning: We are very happy to open the door to this next great step in your journey. We are delighted that you will find many different opportunities and many responsibilities, which you will shoulder as citizens of your communities, your country, and the world.
• take pleasure in doing sth. 乐于做某事
• 他总是乐于向周围的人伸出援助之手。
• He always takes great pleasure in lending a helping hand to people around him.
open the door to sth. 打开方便之门
这些实用的建议为你更好地与父母交流敞开方便之门。
These useful suggestions open the door to better communication with your parents.
IV Typical patterns:
1 . As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university.
作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。
As …, sb. is proud /happy/ sorry /sad… to do sth. 用于表达“某人在特定身份下做某事的感受”。
应用：作为一名来自灾区的学生代表，我非常感激社会各界对我们的关爱与帮助！
As a student representative from the disaster-hit area, I’m very grateful to the people of all walks of life for their care and help!
2. In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me.
在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。
In doing sth, sb. is reminded of sth. 用于表达“某事引起的回忆”。
应用：第一次给这么多人做演讲时，我想起我的英语老师给我的鼓励和建议。
In making my speech in front of a large audience, I’m reminded of the
encouragement and advice from my English teacher.
3. If I could give you only one piece of advice about selecting courses, it would be this: Challenge yourself!
如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！
If sb. could give sb. else only one piece of advice about…, it would be this: Do sth.! 用于表达“某人认定的最为重要的建议”。
应用：如果让我给你一条如何应对大学挑战的建议，那就是：相信自己！
If I could give you only one piece of advice about how to cope with the college challenges, it would be this: Believe in yourself!
4. A wonderful example of this is the fashion designer, Vera Wang, who originally studied art history.
A wonderful example of this is sb. who…/ sth. that…用于列举“最典型的事例”。
应用：有些人没有大学文凭也获得了成功。一个绝佳的例子就是微软公司创始人比尔•盖茨，他在大三时就从哈佛退学了。
Some people achieved great success even though they did not have college diplomas. A wonderful example of this is the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who dropped out of Harvard in his junior year.
V. Translation
1. Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (认识论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time, and his
name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派).
苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后期的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。
2. 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的\"圣人\"（sage）。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。
Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient \"sage\". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture. Much
of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.
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