3458a

Data Sheet

Shatters performance barriers of speed and accuracy!Performance Highlights

dc Volts•5 ranges: 0.1 V to 1000 V•8.5 to 4.5 digit resolution•Up to 100,000 readings/sec(4.5 digits)

•Maximum sensitivity: 10 nV•0.6 ppm 24 hour accuracy•8 ppm (4 ppm optional) / yearvoltage reference stability

ac Volts•6 ranges: 10 mV to 1000 V•1 Hz to 10 MHz bandwidth•Up to 50 readings/sec with allreadings to specified accuracy•Choice of sampling or analog true rms techniques•100 ppm best accuracy

•••••

Frequency and PeriodVoltage or current rangesFrequency: 1 Hz to 10 MHzPeriod: 100 ns to 1 sec0.01% accuracyac or dc coupled

Maximum Speeds•100,000 readings/sec at 4.5 digits (16 bits)

•50,000 readings/sec at 5.5 digits•6,000 readings/sec at 6.5 digits•60 readings/sec at 7.5 digits•6 readings/sec at 8.5 digits

dc Current•8 ranges: 100 nA to 1 A•Up to 1,350 readings/sec (5.5digits)

•Maximum sensitivity: 1pA•14 ppm 24 hour accuracy

Ohms•9 ranges: 10 Ωto 1GΩ

•Two-wire and four-wire Ohmswith offset compensation•Up to 50,000 readings/sec(5.5 digits)

•Maximum Sensitivity: 10µΩ•2.2 ppm 24 hour accuracy

ac Current••••

5 ranges: 100 µA to 1 A

10Hz to 100 kHz bandwidthUp to 50 readings/sec500 ppm 24 hour accuracy

Measurement Set-Up Speed•100,000 readings/sec over

GPIB* or with internal memory•110 autoranges/sec

•340 function or range changes/sec•Post-processed math frominternal memory

2

Access speed and accuracy

through a powerful, convenient front panel.

Display•Bright, easy-to-read, vacuumflourescent display

•16 character alpha-numeric display to easily read data, mes-sages, and commands

Numeric/User KeysCurrent Measurement TerminalsStandard Function/Range Keys•Simple to use, for bench measure-ments of dcV, acV, Ohms,

current, frequency and period•Select autorange or manual ranging

•Numeric entry for constants and•Easy fuse replacement with measurement parametersfuse holder built into terminal•Shifted keys (f0 through f9) access

Guard Terminal and Switchup to ten user-defined setups

•For maximum common mode noise rejectionVolts/Ohms/RatioTerminals•Gold-plated tellurium copper

for minimum thermal emf•2-wire or 4-wire Ohms measurements

•dc/dc or ac/dc ratio inputs

Front-Rear Terminal Switch•Position selects front or rear measurement terminals

Menu Command Keys•Immediate access to eight common commands

•Shifted keys allow simple access tocomplete command menu

External Output

• Programmable TTL output pulse with 5 modes for flexible system interface• Defaults to a voltmeter complete pulse

Rear Input Terminals for convenient system useGPIB InterfaceConnectorExternal Trigger Input3

Finally!Asystem multimeter with BOTHhigh speed and high accuracy.The Agilent Technologies 3458AMultimetershatters long-standingperformance barriers of speedand accuracy on the productiontest floor, in R&D, and in the cali-bration lab. The 3458A is simplythe fastest, most flexible, andmost accurate multimeter everoffered by Agilent Technologies.In your system or on the bench,the 3458A saves you time andmoney with unprecedented testsystem throughput and accuracy,seven function measurement flex-ibility, and low cost of ownership.Contents/ 6Calibration Lab Precision / 9High Resolution Digitizing/ 10Technical Specifications / 12Specs Overview / 12Section 1: DCVoltage / 13Section 2: Resistance / 14Section 3: DCCurrent / 16Section 4: ACVoltage / 17Section 5: ACCurrent / 22Section 6: Frequency/Period / 23Section 7: Digitizing / 24Section 8: System Specs / 26Section 9: Ratio / 27Section 10: Math Functions / 27Section 11: General Specs / 28Test System ThroughputSection 12: Ordering Information / 29Accessories / 29Other MetersSelect a reading rate of 100,000readings per second for maximaltest throughput. Or achieve highest levels of precision withup to 8.5 digits of measurementresolution and 0.1 part per milliontransfer accuracy. Add to this,programming compatibilitythrough the Agilent MultimeterLanguage (ML) and the 3458A’ssimplicity of operation and youhave the ideal multimeter for yourmost demanding applications./ 30The 3458A Multimeter for:

High test systemthroughput

Faster testing•Up to 100,000 readings/sec•Internal test setups >340/sec

•Programmable integration times from 500 ns to 1 sec

Greater test yield•More accuracy for tighter test margins•Up to 8.5 digits resolution

Longer up-time•Two-source (10V,10kΩ) calibration, including ac•Self-adjusting, self-verifying auto-calibration for all functions and ranges, including ac

Calibration lab precision

Superb transfer measurements•8.5 digits resolution

•0.1 ppm dc Volts linearity

•0.1 ppm dc Volts transfer capability•0.01 ppm rms internal noise

Extraordinary accuracy•0.6 ppm for 24 hours in dc Volts•2.2 ppm for 24 hours in Ohms•100 ppm mid-band ac Volts

•8 ppm (4 ppm optional) per year voltage reference stability

High resolution digitizing

Greater waveform resolution and accuracy•16 to 24 bits resolution•100,000 to 0.2 samples/sec•12 MHz bandwidth

•Timing resolution to 10 ns•Less than 100 ps time jitter

•Over 75,000 reading internal memory

105•Faster system start-upMultimeter Language (ML) compatible•Faster measurements and setups100,000 readings/sec in 4.5 digits50,000 readings/sec in 5.5 digits340 function or range changes/sec•Longer system up-timeFor High Test System Throughput

The Agilent 3458A System Multime-ter heightens test performance inthree phases of your productiontest: faster test system start-up,faster test throughput, and lowercost of ownership through longersystem uptime, designed-in reliabil-ity, and fast and easy calibration.

Even the traditionally slower measurement functions, such as ac Volts, are quicker with the

3458A. For example, you can mea-sure true rms acV at up to

50 readings per second with fullaccuracy for input frequenciesgreater than 10 kHz.

Besides high reading rates, the 3458A’s design was tuned for themany function and level changesrequired in testing your device. The3458A can change function andrange, take a measurement, andoutput the result at 340 per second.This is at least 5 times faster thanother dmms. In addition, the 3458Atransfers high speed measurementdata over GPIB or into and out ofits 75,000 reading memory at100,000 readings per second.You can reduce your data transferoverhead by using the unique non-volatile Program Memory of the 3458A to store complete measure-ment sequences. These test sequen-ces can be programmed and initiat-ed from the front panel forstand-alone operation without a controller.

Finally, the 3458A Multimetermakes fast and accurate measure-ments. Consider the 3458A’s

0.6 ppm24 hour dc Volts accuracy,100 ppm acVolts accuracy and itsstandard functions of dcV, acV, dcI,acI, Ohms, frequency and period.Greater measurement accuracyfrom your dmm means higher confidence and higher test yields.More functions mean greater versa-tility and lower-cost test systems.

Longer system up-timeThe 3458A Multimeter performs acomplete self-calibration of all func-tions, including ac, using high stabil-ity internal standards. This self- orauto-calibration eliminates mea-surement errors due to time driftand temperature changes in yourrack or on your bench for superioraccuracy. When it’s time for periodiccalibration to external standards,simply connect a precision 10 Vdcsource and a precision 10 kΩresis-tor. All ranges and functions,including ac, are automatically calibrated using precision internalratio transfer measurements rela-tive to the external standards.The 3458A’s reliability is a productof Agilent’s “10X” program ofdefect reduction. Through exten-sive environmental, abuse, andstress testing during the designstages of product development,has reduced the number of defectsand early failures in its instrumentsby a factor of ten over the past tenyears. Our confidence in the

3458A’s reliability is reflected in thelow cost of the option for two addi-tional years of return-to-repair.This option (W30), when combinedwith the standard one-year warran-ty, will give you three years ofworry-free operation.

Faster system start-upThe value of a fast system multime-ter in production test is clear. But itis also important that the dmm pro-grams easily to reduce the learningtime for new system applications.The Agilent Multimeter Language(ML) offers a standard set of com-mands for the multimeteruser thatconsists of easily understood, read-able commands. Easier program-ming and clearer documentation reduce system development time.

Faster measurements and setupsNow you can have a system dmmwith both fast and accurate mea-surements. The 3458A optimizesyour measurements for the rightcombination of accuracy, resolu-tion, and speed. The 3458A

Multimeter fits your needs from 4.5 digit dc Volts measurements at 100,000 per second, to 8.5 digitdc Volts measurements at 6 per second, or anywhere in between in 100 ns steps.

678• 8.5 digits resolution• 0.1 ppm dcV linearity• 100 ppm acV absolute accuracy• 4 ppm/year optional stabilityFor Calibration Lab Precision

In the calibration lab, you’ll findthe 3458A’s 8.5digits to have extra-ordinary linearity, low internalnoise, and excellent short termstability. The linearity of the

3458A’s Multislope A to D convert-er has been characterized withstate-of-the-art precision. UsingJosephsen Junction Array intrinsicstandards, linearity has been mea-sured within ±0.05 ppm of 10Volts.The 3458A’s transfer accuracy for10 Volts dc is 0.1 ppm over

1 hour ±0.5°C. Internal noise hasbeen reduced to less than 0.01 ppmrms yielding 8.5digits of usableresolution. So, the right choice foryour calibration standard dmm isthe 3458A.

series voltage offsets. Usable forboth two- and four-wire ohms, the3458A supplies a current throughthe unknown resistance, measuresthe voltage drop, sets the currentto zero, and measures the voltagedrop again. The result is reducederror for resistance measure-ments.

Easy calibrationThe 3458A gives you low cost ofownership with a simple, two-source electronic calibration. Withits superior linearity, the 3458A isfully calibrated, including ac, froma precision 10Vdc source and aprecision 10kΩresistor. All rangesand functions are automaticallycalibrated using precise internalratio transfer measurements rela-tive to these external standards.Inaddition, the 3458A’s internal volt-age standard and resistancestan-dard are calibrated. Now you canperform a self-verifying, self- orauto-calibration relative to the3458A’s low drift internal stan-dards at any time with the ACALcommand. So, if your dmm’s envi-ronment changes, auto-calibrationoptimizes your measurement accuracy.

Precision acVThe 3458A introduces new heightsof true rms ac volts performancewith a choice of traditional analogor a new sampling technique forhigher accuracy. For calibrationsources and periodic waveformsfrom 1Hz to 10MHz, the 3458A’sprecision sampling techniqueoffers extraordinary accuracy.With 100 ppm absolute accuracyfor 45 Hz to 1kHz or 170 ppmabsolute accuracy to 20kHz, the3458A will enhance your measure-ment capabilities.Accuracy ismaintained for up to 2 years withonly a single 10 Volt dc precisionstandard. No ac standards are nec-essary. For higher speed and lessaccuracy, the analog true rms actechnique has a midband absolutemeasurement accuracy of 300 ppmusing the same simple calibrationprocedure. With a bandwidth of 10Hz to 2MHz and reading ratesto 50/second, the analog technique is an excellent choice for high

throughput computer-aided testing.

dcV stabilityThe long term accuracy of the3458Ais a remarkable 8ppm peryear—more accurate than manysystem dmms are after only a day.Option 002 gives you a higher stability voltage reference specified to 4ppm/year for the ultimate performance.

Calibration securityUnlike other dmms, the 3458Agoes to great lengths to assure calibration security. First, a pass-word security code “locks” calibra-tion values and the self-calibrationfunction. Next, you can easily

store and recall a secured messagefor noting items, such as calibra-tion date and due date. Plus, the3458A automatically increments acalibration counter each time you“unlock” the dmm— another safe-guard against calibration tamper-ing. If you have a unique situationor desire ultimate security, use theinternal dmm hardwired switch toforce removal of the instrumentcovers to perform calibration.

Reduced-error resistanceThe 3458A doesn’t stop with accu-rate dcV. Similar measurementaccuracy is achieved for resis-tance, acV, and current. You canmeasure resistance from 10µΩto 1GΩwith midrange accuracy of 2.2 ppm.

Finally, the 3458A, like its dmm predecessors, offers

offset-compensated Ohms on the10Ωto 100kΩranges to eliminatethe errors introduced by small

9•16 bits at 100,000 samples/sec•Effective rates to 100 Msamples/sec•Signal bandwidth of 12MHz•10 ns timing with <100ps jitterFor High Resolution Digitizing

Easily acquire waveformsSimple, application-oriented com-mandsin the Agilent MultimeterLanguage (ML) make the task ofwaveform digitizing as easy asmeasuring dcV. Simply specify thesweep rate and number of samples.

Direct sampling functionThe 3458A has two sampling func-tions for digitizing wave-forms:direct sampling and sequential orsub-sampling. With direct sam-pling, the 3458A samples throughthe 12 MHz path followed by the 2ns track-and-hold providing

16bits of resolution. The maximumsample rate is 50,000 samples/second or 20µs between samples.Samples can be internally pacedby a 0.01% accurate timebase withtime increments in 100 nssteps.Data transfers directly to yourcomputer at full speed or into thedmm’s internal reading memory.Waveform reconstruction consistsof simply plotting the digitizedvoltage readings versus the sam-pling interval of the timebase.

Sequential sampling functionSequential or sub-sampling usesthe same measurement path asdirect sampling; however sequen-tial sampling requires a periodicinput signal. The 3458A will synchronize to a trigger point onthe waveform set by a level thresh-old or external trigger. Once syn-chronized, the dmm automaticallyacquires the waveform throughdigitizing successive periods withtime increment steps as small as10 ns, effectively digitizing at ratesup to 100 Msamples/second. Allyou specify is the effective time-base and the number of samplesdesired, the 3458A automaticallyoptimizes its sampling to acquirethe waveform in the least amountof time. Then, for your ease of use,the 3458A automatically re-ordersthe data in internal memory toreconstruct the waveform.

Integration or track-and-hold pathsThe 3458A gives you the choice oftwo configurations for high speedmeasurements: a 150kHz band-width integrating path with a vari-able aperture from 500ns to 1 sec-ond or a 12 MHz bandwidth pathwith a fixed 2 ns aperture and 16-bit track-and-hold. Use theintegration path for lower noise,but use the track-and-hold path to precisely capture the voltage at a single point on a waveform.

Digitizing Configurations1011Section 1:Section 2:Section 3:Section 4:Section 5:Section 6:DC Voltage 13Resistance 14DC Current 16ACVoltage 17AC Current 22Frequency/Period 23Section 7:Section 8:Section 9:Section 10:Section 11:Section 12:Digitizing 24System Specifications 26Ratio 27Math Functions 27General Specifications 28Ordering Information 29IntroductionThe Agilent 3458A accuracy is specified as a partper million (ppm) of the reading plus a ppm of rangefor dcV, Ohms, and dcI. In acV and acI, the specifi-cation is percent of reading plus percent of range.Range means the name of the scale, e.g. 1 V, 10 V,etc.; range does not mean the full scale reading,e.g. 1.2 V, 12 V, etc. These accuracies are valid for aspecific time from the last calibration.Absolute versus Relative AccuracyAll 3458A accuracy specifications are relative tothe calibration standards. Absolute accuracy of the3458A is determined by adding these relative accu-racies to the traceability of your calibration stan-dard. For dcV, 2 ppm is the traceability error fromthe factory. That means that the absolute error rel-ative to the U.S. National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST) is 2 ppm in addition to the dcVaccuracy specifications. When you recalibrate the3458A, your actual traceability error will dependupon the errors from your calibration standards.These errors will likely be different from the errorof 2ppm.EXAMPLE 1: Relative Accuracy; 24 hour operating temperature is Tcal ±1°CAssume that the ambient temperature for the mea-surement is within ±1°C of the temperature of cali-bration (Tcal). The 24 hour accuracy specificationfor a 10 V dc measurement on the 10 V range is 0.5 ppm + 0.05 ppm. That accuracy specificationmeans:0.5 ppm of Reading + 0.05 ppm of RangeFor relative accuracy, the error associated with themeasurement is:(0.5 / 1,000,000 x 10 V) + (0.05 / 1,000,000 x 10V)= ±5.5 µV or 0.55 ppm of 10VErrors from temperature changesThe optimum technical specifications of the 3458A are based on auto-calibration (ACAL) of theinstrument within the previous 24 hours and follow-ing ambient temperature changes of less than±1°C. The 3458A’s ACAL capability corrects formeasurement errors resulting from the drift of critical components from time and temperature. 12

The following examples illustrate the error correc-tion of auto-calibration by computing the relativemeasurement error of the 3458A for various tem-perature conditions. Constant conditions for eachexample are:10 V DC input10 V DC rangeTcal = 23°C90 day accuracy specificationsEXAMPLE 2: Operating temperature is 28°C; with ACALThis example shows basic accuracy of the 3458Ausing auto-calibration with an operating tempera-ture of 28°C. Results are rounded to 2 digits.(4.1 ppm x10V) + (0.05 ppm x 10V) = 42µVTotal relative error = 42µVEXAMPLE 3: Operating temperature is 38°C; without ACALThe operating temperature of the 3458A is 38°C,14°C beyond the range of Tcal ±1°C. Additionalmeasurement errors result because of the addedtemperature coefficient without using ACAL. (4.1 ppm x 10 V) + (0.05 ppm x 10 V) = 42µVTemperature Coefficient (specification is per °C): (0.5 ppm x 10 V + 0.01 ppm x 10 V) x 14°C = 71µVTotal error =113µVEXAMPLE 4: Operating temperature is 38°C; with ACALAssuming the same conditions as Example 3, butusing ACAL significantly reduces the error due totemperature difference from calibration tempera-ture. Operating temperature is 10°C beyond thestandard range of Tcal ±5°C.(4.1 ppm x 10V) + (0.05 ppm x 10V) = 42µV Temperature Coefficient (specification is per °C): (0.15 ppm x 10V + 0.01 ppm x 10V) x 10°C =16µVTotal error = 58µVExample 5: Absolute Accuracy; 90 DayAssuming the same conditions as Example 4, butnow add the traceability error to establish absoluteaccuracy.(4.1 ppm x 10 V) + (0.05 ppm x 10 V) = 42µVTemperature Coefficient (specification is per °C):(0.15 ppm x 10 V + 0.01 ppm x 10 V) x 10°C = 16µV factory traceability error of 2 ppm:(2 ppm x 10 V) = 20µVTotal absolute error = 78µVAdditional errorsWhen the 3458A is operated at power line cyclesbelow 100, additional errors due to noise and gainbecome significant. Example 6 illustrates the errorcorrection at 0.1 PLC.Example 6: Operating temperature is 28°C; 0.1 PLCAssuming the same conditions as Example 2, butnow add additional error.(4.1 ppm x 10 V) + (0.05 ppm x 10 V) = 42µVReferring to the Additional Errors chart and RMSNoise Multiplier table, additional error at 0.1 PLC is:(2 ppm x 10V) + (0.4 ppm x 1 x 3 x 10 V) = 32µVTotal relative error = 74 µVDC VoltageMaximumInputTemperature CoefficientRangeFull ScaleResolutionImpedance(ppm of Reading + ppm of Range) / °CWithout ACAL1With ACAL2100 mV120.0000010 nV> 10 GΩ1.2 + 10.15 + 11 V1.2000000010 nV> 10 GΩ1.2 + 0.10.15 + 0.110 V12.0000000100 nV> 10 GΩ0.5 + 0.010.15 + 0.01100 V120.0000001 µV10 MΩ±1%2 + 0.40.15 + 0.11000 V1050.0000010 µV10 MΩ±1%2 + 0.040.15 + 0.01Accuracy3[ppm of Reading (ppm of Reading for Option 002) + ppm of Range]Range24 Hour 490 Day 51 Year 52 Year 5100 mV2.5 + 35.0 (3.5) + 39 (5) + 314 (10) + 31 V1.5 + 0.34.6 (3.1) + 0.38 (4 )+ 0.314 (10) + 0.310 V0.5 + 0.0.1 (2.6) + 0.058 (4) + 0.0514 (10) + 0.05100 V2.5 + 0.36.0 (4.5) + 0.310 (6)+ 0.314 (10) + 0.31000 V62.5 + 0.16.0 (4.5) + 0.110 (6) + 0.114 (10) + 0.1Transfer Accuracy/Linearity10 Min, Tref ±0.5°CRange (ppm of Reading + ppm of Range)Conditions100 mV0.5 + 0.5•Following 4 hour warm-up. Full scale to 10% of full scale.•Measurements on the 1000 V range are within 5% of the initial 1 V0.3 + 0.1measurement value and following measurement settling.10 V0.05 + 0.05•Tref is the starting ambient temperature.100 V0.5 + 0.1•Measurements are made on a fixed range (> 4 min.) using accepted metrology practices.1000 V1.5 + 0.05Settling CharacteristicsFor first reading or range change error, add 0.0001% of input voltage step additional error.Reading settling times are affected by source impedance and cable dielectric absorption characteristics.Additional ErrorsNoise Rejection (dB)7AC NMR 8AC ECMRDC ECMRNPLC <1090140NPLC ≥160150140NPLC ≥1060150140NPLC ≥10060160140NPLC =100075170140*RMS NoiseRange MultiplierFor RMS noise error,0.1Vx20multiply RMS noise1Vx2result from graph by10Vx1multiplier in chart. 100Vx2For peak noise error,1000Vx1multiply RMS noiseerror by 3.1Additional error from Tcal or lastACAL ±1°C .2Additional error from Tcal ±5°C.3Specifications are for PRESET;NPLC 100.4For fixed range (> 4 min.), MATH NULLand Tcal ±1°C. 5Specifications for 90 day, 1 year and 2year are within 24 hours and ±1°C oflast ACAL; Tcal ±5°C; MATH NULLandfixed range.ppm of Reading specifications for High Stability (Option 002) are in parentheses.Without MATH NULL, add 0.15 ppm ofRange to 10 V, 0.7 ppm of Range to 1 V,and 7ppm of Range to 0.1V. Withoutmath null and for fixed range lessthan 4 minutes, add 0.25ppm of Rangeto 10 V, 1.7ppm of Range to 1 V and 17ppm of Range to 0.1 V.Add 2 ppm of reading additional errorfor factory traceability to US NIST.Traceability error is the absolute errorrelative to National Standards associ-ated with the source of last external calibration.6Add 12 ppm X (Vin / 1000) 2additionalerror for inputs > 100 V.7Applies for 1 kΩunbalance in the LOlead and ±0.1% of the line frequencycurrently set for LFREQ.8For line frequency ±1%, ACNMR is 40 dB for NPLC ≥1, or 55 dB for NPLC≥ACNMR is 30 dB for NPLC 100. For line frequency ±≥5%, 100.13

Reading Rate (Auto-Zero Off)Selected Reading Rates1Readings / SecNPLCAperture DigitsBitsA-Zero OffA-Zero On1For PRESET;DELAY 0; DISP OFF; OFOR-MAT DINT; ARANGE OFF.2Aperture is selected independent ofline frequency (LFREQ). These aper-tures are for 60 Hz NPLC values where1 NPLC = 1 / LFREQ. For 50 Hz andNPLC indicated, aperture willincrease by 1.2 and reading rates willdecrease by 0.833.3For OFORMAT SINT.0.00010.00060.010.111010010001.4 µs10 µs167 µs21.67 ms216.6 ms20.166 s24.55.56.56.57.58.58.58.51618212125282828100,000350,0005,30059260636 / min3.6 / min4,130 3,15093024529.4318 / min1.8 / min4>1010ΩLO to Guard with guard open.Maximum InputRated InputNon-Destructive5>1012ΩGuard to Earth.Temperature Coefficient (Auto-Zero Off)For a stable environment ±1°C add thefollowing additional error for AZERO OFFRangeErrorHI to LOLO to Guard4Guard to Earth5±1000 V pk±200 V pk±500 V pk±1200 V pk±350 V pk±1000 V pk100 mV - 10 V100 V - 1000 V5 µV/°C500 µV/°CInput TerminalsTerminal Material: Gold-plated Tellurium CopperInput Leakage Current: <20 pA at 25°CSection 2 / ResistanceTwo-wire and Four-wire Ohms (OHM and OHMF Functions)RangeFull ScaleMaximumResolutionCurrent 4SourceTestVoltageOpenCircuitMaximumLead Resistance(OHMF)MaximumSeries Offset(OCOMP ON)Temperature Coefficient(ppm of Reading + ppm of Range) /°CWithout ACAL5With ACAL610Ω100Ω1 kΩ10 kΩ100 kΩ1 MΩ10 MΩ100 MΩ71GΩ712.00000120.000001.200000012.000000120.000001.200000012.000000120.000001.200000010 µΩ10 µΩ100 µΩ1 mΩ10 mΩ100 mΩ1 Ω10 Ω100 Ω10 mA1 mA1 mA100 µA50 µA5 µA500 nA500 nA500 nA0.1 V0.1 V1.0 V1.0 V5.0 V5.0 V5.0 V5.0 V5.0 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V12 V5 V5 V20 Ω200 Ω150 Ω1.5 kΩ1.5 kΩ1.5 kΩ1.5 kΩ1.5 kΩ1.5 kΩ0.01 V0.01 V0.1 V0.1 V0.5 V3 + 13 + 13 + 0.13 + 0.13 + 0.13 + 120 + 20100 + 201000 + 201 + 11 + 11 + 0.11 + 0.11 + 0.11 + 15 + 225 + 2250 + 24Current source is ±3% absolute accuracy.5Additional error from Tcal or last ACAL ±1°C.6Additional error from Tcal ±5°C.7Measurement is computed from 10 M Ωin parallel with input.14

Accuracy1(ppm of Reading + ppm of Range)Range24 Hour 290 Day 31 Year 32 Year 310Ω5 + 315 + 515 + 520 + 10100Ω3 + 310 + 512 + 520 + 101 kΩ2 + 0.28 + 0.510 + 0.515 + 110 kΩ2 + 0.28 + 0.510 + 0.515 + 1100 kΩ2 + 0.28 + 0.510 + 0.515 + 11 MΩ10 + 112 + 215 + 220 + 410 MΩ50 + 550 + 1050 + 1075 + 10100 MΩ500 + 10500 + 10500 + 100.1% + 101 GΩ0.5% + 100.5% + 100.5% + 101% + 10Two-Wire Ohms AccuracyFor Two-Wire Ohms ( OHM ) accuracy, add the following offset errors to the Four-Wire Ohms ( OHMF ) accuracy.24 Hour: 50 mΩ. 90 Day: 150 mΩ. 1 Year: 250 mΩ. 2 Year: 500 mΩAdditional ErrorsSelected Reading Rates4Readings / SecNPLC5Aperture DigitsAuto-Zero OffAuto-Zero On0.00011.4 µs4.5100,000 74,1300.000610 µs5.550,0003,1500.01167 µs66.55,3009300.11.66 ms66.5592245116.6 ms67.56029.4100.166 s67.5631007.536 / min18 / minMeasurement ConsiderationAgilent recommends the use of Teflon* cable or other highimpedance, low dielectric absorption cable for thesemeasurements.Maximum InputRated InputNon-Destructive*RMS NoiseHI to LO±1000 V pk±1000 V pkRange MultiplierFor RMS noise error, multiplyHI & LO Sense to LO200 V pk±350 V pk10 Ω& 100Ωx10RMS noise result from graph±LO to Guard±200 V pk±350 V pk1k Ωto 100kΩx1by multiplier in chart. Forpeak noise error, multiply1 MΩx1.5RMS noise error by 3.Guard to Earth±500 V pk±1000 V pk10 MΩx2100 MΩx120Temperature Coefficient (Auto-Zero Off)1 GΩx1200For a stable environment ±1°C add the following error for AZERO OFF. (ppm of Range) / °CSettling CharacteristicsRangeErrorRangeErrorFor first reading error following range change, add10 Ω50 1 MΩ1 the total 90 day measurement error for the currentrange. Preprogrammed settling delay times are for 100 Ω5010 MΩ1 <200pF external circuit capacitance.1 kΩ5 100 MΩ10 10 kΩ5 1 GΩ100 100 kΩ11Specifications are for PRESET;NPLC 100; OCOMP ON; OHMF.2Tcal ±1°C.3Specifications for 90 day, 1 year, and 2 year are within 24 hours and ±1°C oflast ACAL; Tcal ±5°C.Add 3 ppm of reading additional errorfor factory traceability of 10 kΩto USNIST. Traceability is the absoluteerror relative to National Standardsassociated with the source of lastexternal calibration.4For PRESET; DELAY 0; DISP OFF;OFORMAT DINT; ARANGE OFF.For OHMF or OCOMP ON, themaximum reading rates will beslower.5Ohms measurements at ratesDC Current (DCI Function)MaximumShuntBurdenTemperature Coefficient RangeFull ScaleResolutionResistanceVoltage(ppm of Reading + ppm of Range)/ °C Without ACAL1With ACAL2100 nA120.0001 pA5.2 kΩ0.055 V10 + 2002 + 501µA1.2000001 pA45.2 kΩ0.045 V2 + 202 + 510µA12.0000001 pA5.2 kΩ0.055 V10 + 42 + 1100µA120.0000010 pA730 Ω0.075 V10 + 32 + 11 mA1.2000000100 pA100 Ω0.100 V10 + 22 + 110 mA12.0000001 nA10 Ω0.100 V10 + 22 + 1100 mA120.0000010 nA1 Ω0.250 V25 + 22 + 11 A1.0500000100 nA0.1 Ω<1.5 V25 + 32 + 2Accuracy3(ppm Reading + ppm Range)Range24 Hour 490 Day 51 Year52 Year 5100 nA610 + 40030 + 40030 + 40035 + 4001µA610 + 4015 + 4020 + 4025 + 4010 µA610 + 715 + 1020 + 1025 + 10100µA10 + 615 + 820 + 825 + 81 mA10 + 415 + 520 + 525 + 510 mA10 + 415 + 520 + 525 + 5100 mA25 + 430 + 535 + 0 + 51 A100 + 10100 + 10110 + 10115 + 10Settling CharacteristicsFor first reading or range change error, add .001% of Measurement Considerationsinput current step additional error. Reading settlingAgilent recommends the use of Teflon cable or other hightimes can be affected by source impedance andimpedance, low dielectric absorption cable for lowcable dielectric absorption characteristics.current measurements. Current measurements at rates < NPLC 1 are subject to potential noise pickup. Additional ErrorsCare must be taken to provide adequate shieldingand guarding to maintain measurement accuracies.Selected Reading Rates7NPLCApertureDigitsReadings / Sec0.00011.4 µs4.52,300 0.000610 µs5.51,3500.01167 µs86.51570.11.67 ms86.5108116.6 ms87.526100.166 s87.531007.518 / minMaximum InputRated InputNon-DestructiveI to LO±1.5 A pk< 1.25 A rms*RMS NoiseLO to Guard±200 V pk±350 V pkRangeMultiplierFor RMS noise error, multiply RMS noise100 nAx100result from graph by multiplier in chart.Guard to Earth±500 V pk±1000 V pk1 µAx10For peak noise error, multiply RMS noise10 µA to 1 Ax1error by 3.16

1Additional error from Tcal or last ACAL ±1°C .2Additional error from Tcal ±5°C.3Specifications are for PRESET;NPLC 100.4Tcal ±1°C.5Specifications for 90 day, 1 year, and 2year are within 24 hours and ±1°C of lastACAL; Tcal ±5°C.Add 5 ppm of reading additional error forfactory traceability to US NIST. Traceabil-ity error is the sum of the 10V and 10kΩtraceability values.6Typical accuracy.7For PRESET; DELAY 0; DISP OFF; OFORMATDINT; ARANGE OFF.8Aperture is selected independent of line frequency (LFREQ). These aperturesare for 60 Hz NPLC values where 1 NPLC = 1 / LFREQ. For 50 Hz and NPLCindicated, aperture will increase by 1.2and reading rates will decrease by 0.833.General InformationThe Agilent 3458A supports three techniques for measuring true rms AC voltage, each offering unique capabilities. The desired measurementtechnique is selected through the SETACV command. The ACV functions will then apply the chosen method for subsequent measurements.The following section provides a brief description of the three operation modes along with a summary table helpful in choosing the technique best suited to your specific measurement need.SETACV SYNCSynchronously Sub-sampled Computed true rms technique.This technique provides excellent linearity and the most accurate measurement results. It does require that theinput signal be repetitive ( not random noise for example ). The bandwidth in this mode is from 1 Hz to 10 MHz.SETACV ANAAnalog Computing true rms conversion technique.This is the measurement technique at power-up or following an instrument reset. This mode works well with any signal within its 10 Hz to 2 MHz bandwidth and provides the fastest measurement speeds.SETACV RNDMRandom Sampled Computed true rms technique.This technique again provides excellent linearity, however the overall accuracy is the lowest of the threemodes. It does not require a repetitive input signal and is therefore well suited to wideband noise measure-ments. The bandwidth in this mode is from 20 Hz to 10 MHz.Selection TableTechniqueFrequency RangeBestAccuracyRepetitiveSignal RequiredReadings / Sec MinimumMaximumSynchronous Sub-sampledAnalogRandom Sampled1 Hz - 10 MHz10 Hz - 2 MHz20 Hz - 10 MHz0.010%0.03%0.1%YesNo No 0.0250.80.025105045Synchronous Sub-sampled Mode(ACV Function, SETACV SYNC)Temperature Coefficient1(% of Reading +% of Range) / °C1Additional error beyond ±1°C, but within+ 5°C of last ACAL.For ACBAND > 2MHz, use 10 mV rangetemperature coefficient for all ranges.2Specifications apply full scale to 10% offull scale, DC < 10% of AC, sine waveinput, crest factor = 1.4, and PRESET.Within 24 hours and ±1°C of last ACAL.Lo to Guard Switch on..Peak (AC + DC) input limited to 5 x fullscale for all ranges in ACV function.Add 2 ppm of reading additional error forfactory traceability of 10 V DC to US NIST.3LFILTER ON recommended. RangeFull ScaleMaximum ResolutionInput Impedance10 mV100 mV1 V10 V100 V1000 V12.00000120.000001.200000012.000000120.00000700.000010 nV10 nV100 nV1 µV10 µV100 µV1 MΩ±15% with <140pF1 MΩ±15% with <140pF1 MΩ±15% with <140pF1 MΩ±2% with <140pF1 MΩ±2% with <140pF1 MΩ±2% with <140pF0.002 + 0.020.001 + 0.00010.001 + 0.00010.001 + 0.00010.001 + 0.00010.001 + 0.0001AC Accuracy224 Hour to 2 Year (% of Reading + % of Range)ACBAND ≤2MHzRange1 Hz to340 Hz 40 Hz to31 kHz1 kHz to320 kHz 20 kHz to350 kHz 50 kHz to100 kHz100 kHz to300 kHz300 kHz to 1 MHz1 MHz to2 MHz10 mV100 mV - 10 V100 V1000 V0.03 + 0.030.007 + 0.0040.02 + 0.0040.04+ 0.0040.02 + 0.0110.007 + 0.0020.02 + 0.0020.04 + 0.0020.03 + 0.0110.014 + 0.0020.02 + 0.0020.06 + 0.0020.1 + 0.0110.03 + 0.0020.035 + 0.0020.12 + 0.0020.5 + 0.0110.08 + 0.0020.12 + 0.0020.3 + 0.0024.0 + 0.020.3 + 0.010.4 + 0.011 + 0.01 1.5 + 0.011.5 + 0.01AC Accuracy continued on following page.17

AC Accuracy continued: 24 Hour to 2 Year (% of Reading + % of Range)ACBAND >2 MHz45 Hz to100 kHz to1 MHz to4 MHz to8 MHz toRange100 kHz1 MHz4 MHz8 MHz10 MHz10 mV0.09 + 0.061.2 + 0.057 + 0.0720 +0.08100 mV - 10 V0.09 + 0.062.0 + 0.0 + 0.074 + 0.0815 + 0.1100 V0.12 + 0.0021000 V0.3 + 0.01Transfer AccuracyRange% of ReadingConditions100 mV - 100 V(0.002 + Resolution in %)1• Following 4 Hour warm-up• Within 10 min and ±0.5°C of the reference measurement• 45 Hz to 20 kHz, sine wave input• Within ±10% of the reference voltage and frequencyAC + DC Accuracy (ACDCV Function)For ACDCV Accuracy apply the following additional error to the ACV accuracy. (% of Range)DC <10% of AC VoltageRangeACBAND ≤2MHzACBAND >2MHzTemperature Coefficient 210 mV0.09 0.09 0.03 100 mV - 1000 V0.008 0.09 0.0025DC >10% of AC VoltageRangeACBAND ≤2MHzACBAND > 2MHzTemperature Coefficient 210 mV0.7 0.7 0.18100 mV - 1000 V0.07 0.7 0.025Additional ErrorsApply the following additional errors as appropriate to your particular measurement setup. (% of Reading)Input Frequency3Source R 0 - 1 MHz 1 - 4 MHz 4 - 8 MHz 8 - 10 MHz Crest FactorResolution Multiplier 10 Ω0 2 5 5 1 - 2(Resolution in %) x 150 ΩTerminated0.003 0 0 0 2 - 3(Resolution in %) x 275ΩTerminated0.004 2 5 5 3 - 4(Resolution in %) x 350Ω0.005 3 7 10 4 - 5(Resolution in %) x 5Reading Rates4ACBAND LowMaximum Sec / Reading% ResolutionMaximum Sec / Reading1 - 5 Hz6.50.001 - 0.005325 - 20 Hz2.00.005 - 0.016.520 - 100 Hz1.20.01 - 0.053.2100 - 500 Hz0.320.05 - 0.10.>500 Hz0.020.1 - 10.32> 10.1Settling CharacteristicsThere is no instrument settling required.Common Mode RejectionFor 1 kΩimbalance in LO lead, > 90 dB, DC to 60 Hz.18

1 Resolution in % is the value of RES com-mand or parameter (reading resolution aspercentage of measurement range).2Additional error beyond ±1°C, but within±5°C of last ACAL. (% of Range) /°C. ForACBAND >2MHz,use 10mV range temper-ature coefficient. Lo to Guard switch on.3Flatness error including instrument loading.4Reading time is the sum of the Sec / Reading shown for your configuration. The tables will yield the slowest reading rate for your configuration. Actual reading rates maybe faster. For DELAY-1; ARANGE OFF.High Frequency Temperature CoefficientFor outside Tcal ±5°C add the following error.(% of Reading) /°CFrequencyRange2 - 4 MHz 4 - 10 MHzMaximum InputRated InputHI to LOLO to GuardGuard to EarthVolt - Hz Product±1000 V pk±200 V pk±500 V pk1x108Non-Destructive±1200 V pk±350 V pk±1000 V pk10 mV - 1 V10 V - 1000 V0.02 0.08 0.080.08Analog Mode(ACV Function, SETACV ANA)RangeFull ScaleMaximum ResolutionInput ImpedanceTemperature Coefficient1(% of Reading+ % of Range) / °C1Additional error beyond ±1°C, but within±5°C of last ACAL.2Specifications apply full scale to 1/20 fullscale, sinewave input, crest factor = 1.4,and PRESET. Within 24 hours and ±1°C oflast ACAL. Lo to Guard switch on.Maximum DC is limited to 400V in ACVfunction.Add 2 ppm of reading additional error forfactory traceability of 10V DC to US NIST.10 mV100 mV1 V10 V100 V1000 V12.00000120.00001.20000012.00000120.0000700.00010 nV100 nV1 µV10 µV100 µV1 mV1 MΩ±15% with < 140pF1 MΩ±15% with < 140pF1 MΩ±15% with < 140pF1 MΩ±2% with < 140pF1 MΩ±2% with < 140pF1 MΩ±2% with < 140pF0.003 + 0.0060.002 + 0.00.002 + 0.00.002 + 0.00.002 + 0.00.002 + 0.0AC Accuracy224 Hour to 2 Year (% Reading + % Range)Range10 Hz to 20 Hz 20 Hz to40 Hz40 Hz to 100 Hz 100 Hz to20 kHz 20 kHz to50 kHz50 kHz to100 kHz100 kHz to 250 kHz250 kHz to 500 kHz500 kHz to 1 MHz 1 MHz to2 MHz10 mV100 mV - 10 V100 V1000 V0.4 + 0.320.4 + 0.02 0.4 + 0.020.42 + 0.030.15 + 0.250.15 + 0.020.15 + 0.020.17 + 0.030.06 + 0.250.06 + 0.010.06 + 0.010.08 + 0.020.02 + 0.250.02 + 0.010.03 + 0.010.06 + 0.020.15 + 0.250.15 + 0.040.15+ 0.040.15 + 0.040.7 + 0.350.6 + 0.080.6+ 0.080.6 + 0.24 + 0.72 + 0.5 2 + 0.53 + 0.6 3 + 0.65 + 2 5 + 210 + 5AC + DC Accuracy (ACDCV Function)For ACDCV Accuracy apply the following additional error to the ACV accuracy. (% of Reading + % of Range)DC < 10% of AC VoltageRange10 mV100 mV-1000 VAccuracy0.0 + 0.20.0 + 0.02Temperature Coefficient30 + 0.0150 + 0.001Accuracy0.15 + 30.15 + 0.25DC > 10% of AC VoltageTemperature Coefficient30 + 0.060 + 0.0073Additional error beyond ±1°C, but within±5°C of last ACAL.(% of Reading + % of Range) /°C.Additional ErrorsApply the following additional errors as appropriate to your particular measurement setup.Low Frequency Error ( % of Reading )ACBAND LowSignalFrequency10 Hz - 1 kHz NPLC >101 - 10 kHzNPLC >1> 10 kHzNPLC > 0.1Crest Factor Error ( % of Reading)Crest FactorAdditional Error1 - 22 - 33 - 44 - 50 0.15 0.25 0.40 10 - 200 Hz200 - 500 Hz500 - 1 kHz1 - 2 kHz2 - 5 kHz5 - 10 kHz000 0000.150.0150000.90.20.050.0119

Reading Rates1ACBAND Low≥10 Hz≥1 kHz≥10 kHzNPLC1010.1Sec / ReadingACVACDCV1.21110.10.021For DELAY-1; ARANGE OFF.For DELAY 0; NPLC .1 , unspecified reading rates of greater than 500/ Sec are possible.Settling CharacteristicsFor first reading or range change error using default delays, add .01% of input step additional error.The following data applies for DELAY 0.FunctionACBAND LowDC ComponentSettling TimeACVACDCV≥10Hz10 Hz-1 kHz1 kHz - 10 kHz≥10 kHzDC < 10% ACDC > 10% AC0.5 sec to 0.01%0.9 sec to 0.01%0.5 sec to 0.01%0.08 sec to 0.01%0.015 sec to 0.01%Maximum InputRated InputNon-DestructiveCommon Mode RejectionFor 1 kΩimbalance in LO lead, > 90 dB, DC - 60 Hz.±1000 V pk±200 V pk±500 V pk1 x108±1200 V pk±350 V pk±1000 V pkHI to LOLO to GuardGuard to EarthVolt - Hz ProductRandom Sampled ModeRangeFull Scale(ACV Function, SETACV RNDM)Temperature Coefficient2( % of Reading + % of Range ) / °C2Additional error beyond ±1°C, but within±5°C of last ACAL.For ACBAND > 2 MHz, use 10 mV rangetemperature coefficient for all ranges.Maximum ResolutionInput Impedance10 mV100 mV1 V10 V100 V1000 V12.000120.001.200012.000120.00700.01 µV10 µV100 µV1 mV10 mV100 mV1 MΩ±15% with < 140pF1 MΩ±15% with < 140pF1 MΩ±15% with < 140pF1 MΩ±2% with < 140pF1 MΩ±2% with < 140pF1 MΩ±2% with < 140pF0.002 + 0.020.001+ 0.00010.001+ 0.00010.001+ 0.00010.001+ 0.00010.001+ 0.0001AC Accuracy324 Hour to 2 Year (% of Reading + % of Range)20 Hz to100 kHz0.5+0.020.08+0.002 0.12+0.0020.3+0.01ACBAND ≤2 MHz100 kHz to 300 kHz to 300 kHz1 MHz4+0.020.3+0.010.4+0.011+0.011.5+0.011.5+0.011 MHz to2 MHz20 Hz to100 kHz0.1+0.05 0.1+0.050.12+0.002 0.3+0.01ACBAND > 2 MHz100 kHz to 1 MHz to4 MHz to1 MHz4 MHz8 MHz1.2+0.052+0.057+0.074+0.0720+0.084+0.0815+0.18 MHz to10 MHz3Specifications apply from full scale to 5% of full scale, DC <10% of AC, sinewave input, crest factor = 1.4, and PRESET. Within 24 hours and ±1°C of last ACAL. LO to Guard switch on.Add 2 ppm of reading additional error for factory traceability of 10V DC to US NIST.Maximum DC is limited to 400V in ACV function.Range10 mV100 mV–10 V100 V1000 V20

AC + DCV Accuracy (ACDCV Function)For ACDCV Accuracy apply the following additional error to the ACV accuracy. (% of Range).DC ≤10% of AC VoltageRangeACBAND≤2 MHzACBAND > 2 MHzTemperature Coefficient1ACBAND≤2 MHzDC >10% of AC VoltageACBAND> 2 MHzTemperature Coefficient110 mV100 mV - 1 kV0.09 0.008 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.00250.7 0.07 0.7 0.7 0.18 0.025Additional ErrorsApply the following additional errors as appropriate to your particular measurement setup. (% of Reading)Input Frequency 2Source R0 - 1 MHz 1 - 4 MHz 4 - 8 MHz 8 - 10 MHzCrest FactorResolution Multiplier1Additional error beyond ±1°C, but within±5°C of last ACAL. (% of Reading) /°C.For ACBAND > 2MHz, use 10mV rangetemperature coefficient for all ranges.0Ω50ΩTerminated75ΩTerminated50Ω0 0.003 0.004 0.005 2 0 2 3 5 0 5 7 5 0 5 10 1 - 22 - 33 - 44 - 5(Resolution in %) x 1(Resolution in %) x 3(Resolution in %) x 5(Resolution in %) x 82Flatness error including instrument loading.Reading Rates3Sec / Reading% ResolutionACVACDCVHigh Frequency Temperature CoefficientFor outside Tcal ±5°C add the following error. (% of Reading) / °CRange2 - 4 MHz4 - 10 MHz 3For DELAY -1; ARANGE OFF. For DELAY 0in ACV, the reading rates are identical to ACDCV.0.1 - 0.20.2 - 0.40.4 - 0.60.6 - 11 - 22 - 5>0112.71.40.80.40.32399.62.41.10.50.10.02210 mV - 1 V10 V - 1000 V0.02 0.08 0.08 0.08 Settling CharacteristicsFor first reading or range change error using defaultdelays, add 0.01% of input step additional error. The following data applies for DELAY 0.FunctionDC ComponentSettling TimeCommon Mode RejectionFor 1 kΩimbalance in LO lead, > 90 dB, DC to 60 Hz.Maximum InputRated InputNon-DestructiveACVDC < 10% of ACDC > 10% of AC0.5 sec to 0.01%0.9 sec to 0.01%HI to LOLO to GuardGuard to EarthVolt - Hz Product±1000 V pk±200 V pk±500 V pk1 x 108±1200 V pk±350 V pk±1000 V pkACDCVNo instrument settling required.21

AC Current (ACI and ACDCI Functions)Maximum ShuntBurdenTemperature Coefficient1RangeFull ScaleResolutionResistanceVoltage(% of Reading + % of Range) / °C100µA120.0000100 pA730 Ω0.1 V0.002 + 01 mA1.2000001 nA100 Ω0.1 V0.002 + 010 mA12.0000010 nA10 Ω0.1 V0.002 + 0100 mA120.0000100 nA1 Ω0.25 V0.002 + 01 A1.0500001 µA0.1 Ω< 1.5 V0.002 + 0AC Accuracy224 Hour to 2 Year(% Reading + % Range)10 Hz to 20 Hz to45 Hz to 100 Hz to5 kHz to20 kHz to50 kHz toRange20 Hz45 Hz100 Hz 5kHz20 kHz 350 kHz3100 kHz3100µA40.4+0.030.15+0.030.06+0.030.06 +0.031 mA - 100 mA0.4+0.02 0.15+0.020.06+0.020.03+0.020.06+0.020.4 +0.040.55+0.151 A0.4+0.020.16+0.020.08+0.020.1+0.020.3 +0.021 + 0.04AC + DC Accuracy (ACDCI Function)For ACDCI Accuracy apply the following additional error to the ACI accuracy.(% of Reading + % of Range).DC≤10% of ACAccuracyTemperature Coefficient 5DC > 10% of ACAccuracyTemperature Coefficient 50.005 + 0.020.0 + .0010.15 + 0.250.0 + 0.007Additional ErrorsApply the following additional errors as appropriate to your particular measurement setup.Low Frequency Error ( % of Reading )Crest Factor Error (% of Reading)ACBAND LowCrest FactorAdditional ErrorSignal10 Hz - 1 kHz 1 - 10 kHz > 10 kHz1 - 20 FrequencyNPLC >10NPLC >1NPLC >0.12 - 30.15 10 - 200Hz03 - 40.25200 - 500 Hz00.1 - 50.40 500 - 1 kHz0 0.0150.91 - 2 kHz0 00.22 - 5 kHz000.055 - 10 kHz000.01Reading Rates6Maximum Sec / ReadingACBAND LowNPLCACIACDCI≥10 Hz101.2 1≥1 kHz110.1≥10 kHz0.110.0222

1Additional error beyond ±1°C, but within±5°C of last ACAL.2Specifications apply full scale to 1/20 fullscale, for sine wave inputs, crest factor =1.4, and following PRESET within 24hours and ±1°C of last ACAL.Add 5 ppm of reading additional error forfactory traceability to US NIST. Traceabil-ity is the sum of the 10 V and 10 kΩtrace-ability values.3Typical performance.41 kHz maximum on the 100µA range.5Additional error beyond ±1°C, but within ±5°C of last ACAL. (% of Reading + % of Range) / °C.6For DELAY-1; ARANGE OFF. For DELAY 0;NPLC .1, unspecified reading rates ofgreater than 500/sec are possible.Settling CharacteristicsFor first reading or range change error using default delays, add .01% of input step additional error for the100 µA to 100 mA ranges. For the 1 A range add .05% of input step additional error.The following data applies for DELAY 0.FunctionACBAND LowDC ComponentSettling TimeACIACDCI≥10 Hz10 Hz-1 kHz1 kHz - 10 kHz≥10 kHzDC < 10% ACDC > 10% AC0.5 sec to 0.01%0.9 sec to 0.01%0.5 sec to 0.01%0.08 sec to 0.01%0.015 sec to 0.01%Maximum InputRated InputNon-DestructiveI to LOLO to GuardGuard to Earth±1.5 A pk±200 V pk±500 V pk< 1.25 A rms±350 V pk±1000 V pkFrequency / Period CharacteristicsVoltage (AC or DC Coupled)ACV or ACDCV Functions1Current (AC or DC Coupled)ACI or ACDCI Functions11The source of frequency measurementsand the measurement input coupling aredetermined by the FSOURCE command.2Range dependent, see ACI for specificrange impedance values.3Gate Time is determined by the specifiedmeasurement resolution.4For Maximum Input specified to fixedrange operation. For auto range, themaximum speed is 30 readings/sec forACBAND ≥1 kHz.Actual Reading Speed is the longer of 1period of the input, the chosen gate time,or the default reading time-out of 1.2 sec.Frequency RangePeriod RangeInput Signal RangeInput Impedance1 Hz – 10 MHz1 sec – 100 ns700 V rms – 1 mV rms1 MΩ±15% with < 140 pF1 Hz – 100 kHz1 sec – 10 µs1 A rms – 10 µA rms0.1 – 730 Ω2AccuracyRange24 Hour – 2 Year0°C – 55°CReading RatesResolution0.00001%> 0.0001%> 0.001%> 0.01%> 0.1%Gate Time31 s100 ms10 ms1 ms100 µsReadings/Sec40.959.6732152701 Hz – 40 Hz1 s – 25 ms40 Hz – 10 MHz25 ms – 100 ns0.05 % of Reading0.01 % of ReadingMeasurement Technique:Reciprocal CountingTrigger Filter:Selectable 75 kHz Low Pass Trigger FilterTime Base:10 MHz ±0.01%, 0°C to 55°CSlope Trigger:Positive or NegativeLevel Trigger:±500% of Range in 5% steps23

General InformationThe Agilent 3458A supports three independent methods for signal digitizing. Each method is discussed below to aid in selecting the appropriate setup best suited to your specific application.DCVStandard DCV function.This mode of digitizing allows signal acquisition at rates from 0.2 readings/sec at 28 bits resolution to 100 k readings/sec at 16 bits. Arbitrary sample apertures from 500 ns to1sec are selectable with 100 ns reso-lution. Input voltage ranges cover 100 mV to 1000 V full scale. Input bandwidth varies from 30 kHz to 150 kHz depending on the measurement range.DSDCDSACDirect Sampling DC Coupled measurement technique.Direct Sampling AC Coupled measurement technique.In these modes the input is sampled through a track / hold with a fixed 2 ns aperture which yields a 16 bit reso-lution result. The sample rate is selectable from 6000 sec / sample to 20 µs / sample with 100 ns resolution.Input voltage ranges cover 10 mV peak to 1000 V peak full scale. The input bandwidth is limited to 12 MHz.SSDCSSACSub-Sampling ( Effective time sampling ) DC Coupled.Sub-Sampling ( Effective time sampling ) AC Coupled. These techniques implement synchronous sub-sampling of a repetitive input signal through a track / hold with a 2 ns sample aperture which yields a 16 bit resolution result. The effective sample rate is settable from6000 sec / sample to 10 ns / sample with 10 ns resolution. Sampled data can be time ordered by the instrumentand output to the GPIB. Input voltage ranges cover 10 mV peak to 1000 V peak full scale. The input bandwidthis limited to 12 MHz.Summary of Digitizing CapabilitiesTechniqueFunctionInput BandwidthBest AccuracySample RateStandardDirect-sampledSub-sampledDCVDSDC / DSACSSDC / SSACDC - 150 kHzDC - 12 MHzDC - 12 MHz0.00005 - 0.01%0.02% 0.02%100 k / sec50 k / sec100 M / sec (effective)Standard DC Volts Digitizing(DCV Function)RangeInputImpedanceOffsetVoltage1TypicalBandwidthSettling Timeto 0.01% of Step1±1°C of an AZERO or within 24 hours and±1°C of last ACAL.100 mV1 V10 V100 V1000 V>1010 Ω>1010 Ω>1010 Ω10 MΩ10 MΩ< 5 µV< 5 µV< 5 µV< 500 µV< 500 µV80 kHz 150 kHz150 kHz30 kHz30 kHz50 µs20 µs20 µs200 µs200 µsDC Performance0.005 % of Reading + Offset1Maximum Sample Rate (See DCV for more data.)Readings / secResolutionApertureSample TimebaseAccuracy: 0.01 %Jitter: < 100 ps rms2< 125 ns variability between multiple 3458As.100 k100 k50 k15 bits16 bits18 bits0.8 µs1.4 µs6.0 µsExternal TriggerLatency: < 175 ns2Jitter: < 50 ns rmsLevel TriggerLatency: < 700 ns Jitter: < 50 ns rms24

Dynamic Performance100 mV, 1 V, 10 V Ranges; Aperture = 6 µsTestInput (2 x full scale pk-pk)ResultDFT-harmonics1 kHz< -96 dBDFT-spurious1 kHz< -100 dBDifferential non-linearitydc< 0.003% of RangeSignal to Noise Ratio1 kHz> 96 dBDirect and Sub-sampled Digitizing(DSDC, DSAC, SSDC and SSAC Functions)Range1InputOffsetImpedanceVoltage2TypicalBandwidth10 mV1 MΩwith 140 pF< 50 µV2 MHz100 mV1 MΩwith 140 pF< 90 µV12 MHz1 V1 MΩwith 140 pF< 800 µV12 MHz10 V1 MΩwith 140 pF< 8 mV12 MHz100 V1 MΩwith 140 pF< 80 mV12 MHz31000 V1 MΩwith 140 pF< 800 mV2 MHz3DC to 20 kHz Performance0.02 % of Reading + Offset2Maximum Sample RateSample TimebaseFunctionReadings / secResolutionAccuracy: 0.01 %SSDC, SSAC100 M (effective) 416 bitsJitter: < 100 ps rmsDSDC, DSAC50 k16 bitsExternal TriggerLatency: < 125 ns5Dynamic PerformanceJitter: < 2 ns rms100 mV, 1 V, 10 V Ranges; 50,000 Samples/secLevel TriggerTestInput (2 x full scale pk-pk)ResultLatency: < 700 nsDFT-harmonics20 kHz< - 90 dBJitter: < 100 ps, for 1 MHz full scale inputDFT-harmonics1.005 MHz< - 60 dBDFT-spurious20 kHz< - 90 dBDifferential non-linearity20 kHz< 0.005 % of RangeSignal to Noise Ratio20 kHz> 66 dB1Maximum DC voltage limited to 400 V DCin DSAC or SSAC functions.2±1°C and within 24 hours of last ACALACV.3Limited to 1 x 10 8 V-Hz product.4Effective sample rate is determined by the smallest time increment used duringsynchronous sub-sampling of the repeti-tive input signal, which is 10 ns.5< 25 ns variability between multiple 3458As.25

Function-Range-MeasurementThe time required to program via GPIB a new measurement configuration, trigger a reading, and return the result to a controller with the following instrument setup: PRESET FAST; DELAY 0; AZERO ON; OFORMAT SINT; INBUF ON; NPLC 0.TO - FROM Configuration DescriptionGPIB Rate1Subprogram Rate1Using HP 9000 Series 350.2SINT data is valid for APER ≤10.8 µs.DCV ≤10 V to DCV ≤10 Vany DCV / OHMS to any DCV / OHMSany DCV / OHMS to any DCV / OHMS with DEFEAT ONTO or FROM any DCITO or FROM any ACV or ACI180 / sec85 / sec150 / sec70 / sec75 / sec340 / sec110 / sec270 / sec90 / sec90 / secSelected Operating Rates2RateDCV Autorange Rate (100 mV to 10 V)Execute simple command changes (CALL, OCOMP, etc.)Readings to GPIB, ASCIIReadings to GPIB, DREALReadings to GPIB, DINTReadings to internal memory, DINTReadings from internal memory to GPIB, DINTReadings to GPIB, SINTReadings to internal memory, SINTReadings from internal memory to GPIB, SINTMaximum internal trigger reading rateMaximum external trigger reading rate110 / sec330 / sec630 / sec1000 / sec50,000 / sec50,000 / sec50,000 / sec 100,000 / sec100,000 / sec100,000 / sec100,000 / sec100,000 / secMemory StandardReadingsBytesOption 001ReadingsBytesReading Storage ( 16 bit )Non-volatile, for subprogramsand / or state storage10,24020 k14 k+65,536+128 kDelay TimeAccuracyMaximumResolutionJitter±0.01% ±5 ns6000 s10 ns 50 ns pk-pkTimerAccuracyMaximumResolutionJitter±0.01% ±5 ns6000 s100 ns<100 ps rms26

Type of Ratio1DCV / DCVACV / DCVACDCV / DCVRatio = (Input) / (Reference)Reference: (HI Sense to LO) - (LO Sense to LO)Reference Signal Range: ±12 V DC (autorange only)1All SETACV measurement types areselectable.LO Sense to LO limited to ±0.25 V.Accuracy±(Input error + Reference Error)Input error = 1 x Total Error for input signal measurement function (DCV, ACV, ACDCV)Reference error = 1.5 x Total error for the range of the reference DC inputSection 10 / Math FunctionsGeneral Math Function SpecificationsMath is executable as either a real-time or post processed operation.Math function specifications do not include the error in X ( the instrument reading ) or errors in user entered values. Therange of values input or output is + 1.0 x 10-37to + 1.0 x 1037. Out of range values indicate OVLD in the display and 1 x 1038toGPIB. The minimum execution time is the time required to complete one math operation aftereach reading has completed.NULL:X-OFFSETMinimum Execution Time = 180 µs PERC:100 x (X-PERC) / PERCMinimum Execution Time = 600 µsdB:20 x Log (X/REF)Minimum Execution Time = 3.9 msRMS:1-pole digital filterComputed rms of inputs.Minimum Execution Time = 2.7 msSTAT:MEAN, SDEV computed for samplepopulation (N-1).NSAMP, UPPER, LOWER accumulated.Minimum Execution Time = 900 µsCTHRM2K (FTHRM2K):°C (°F) temperature conversion for2.2 kΩthermistor (40653A).Minimum Execution Time = 160 µsCRTD85 (FRTD85):°C (°F) temperature conversion forRTD of 100 Ω, Alpha = 0.00385(406A or 406B).Minimum Execution Time = 160 µsFILTER:1-pole digital filterWeighted Average of inputsMinimum Execution Time= 750 µsCTHRM (FTHRM):°C (°F) temperature conversion for5 kΩthermistor (40653B).Minimum Execution Time = 160 µsCTHRM10K (FTHRM10K):°C (°F) temperature conversion for 10 kΩthermistor (40653C).Minimum Execution Time = 160 µsCRTD92 (FRTD92):°C (°F) temperature conversion for RTD of 100 Ω, Alpha = 0.003916 Minimum Execution Time = 160 µsdBm:PFAIL:Based on MIN, MAX registersMinimum Execution Time = 160 µs10 x Log [(X2/ RES) / 1mW]Minimum Execution Time = 3.9 msSCALE:(X-OFFSET) / SCALEMinimum Execution Time = 500 µs27

Operating Environment0oC to 55oCOperating Humidity Rangeup to 95% RH at 40oCPhysical Characteristics88.9mm H x 425.5 mm W x 502.9 mm DNet Weight: 12 kg (26.5 lbs)Shipping Weight 14.8 kg (32.5 lbs)IEEE-4888 InterfaceComplies with the following:IEEE-488.1 Interface StandardIEEE-728 Codes/Formats StandardHPML(Multimeter Language)Storage Temperature-40oC to + 75oCWarm-Up Time4 Hours to published specificationsPower Requirements100/120 V, 220/240 V ±10%48-66 Hz, 360-420 Hz automatically sensed< 30 W, < 80 VA (peak)Fused: 1.5 @ 115 V or 0.5 A @230 VDesigned in Accordance withSafety: IEC 348, UL1244, CSAEMI:FTZ 1046, FCC part 15-JClassification:Classifiedunder MIL-T-28800D as Type III,Class 5, Style E, and Color R.Warranty PeriodOne yearInput TerminalsGold-plated Tellurium CopperIncluded with 3458ATest Lead Set (34118B)Power CordOperating Manual (P/N 03458-90004)Calibration Manual (P/N 03458-90016)Assembly Level Repair Manual (P/N 03458-90010)Quick Reference Guide (P/N 03458-90005)Field Installation KitsOption 001Extended Reading MemoryOption 002High Stability ReferenceExtra Keyboard Overlays (5 each)Available DocumentationProduct Note 3458A-1: Optimizing Throughput and Reading RateProduct Note 3458A-2: High Resolution Digitizing with the 3458AProduct Note 3458A-3: Electronic Calibration of the 3458AExtra Manual SetPart Number03458-8790103458-8000203458-84303Part Number5953-70585953-70595953-706003458-9010028

Section 12 / Ordering InformationAgilent 3458A Multimeter(with GPIB, 20k bytes reading memory, and 8 ppm stability)Option 001Option 002Option 1BPOption W30Option W32Option 907Option 908Option 909Extended Reading Memory (Expands total to 148 k bytes)High Stability (4 ppm/year) ReferenceMIL-STD-45662A Certificate of Calibration - with dataThree year customer return repair coverageThree year customer return calibration coverageFront Handles Kit (P/N 5062-3988)Rack Mount Kit (P/N 5062-3974)Rack Mount Kit with handles (P/N 5062-3975)Accessories10833A10833B10833C10833D34118B11053A11174A11058A34301A34300A34119A 34302A11059A 11062AGPIB Cable (1m)GPIB Cable (2m)GPIB Cable (4m)GPIB Cable (0.5m)Test Lead SetLow thermal test lead pair, spade lug to spade lug, 0.9 mLow thermal test lead pair, spade lug to banana, 0.9 mLow thermal test lead pair, banana to banana, 0.9 m700 MHz Rf Probe40 kV ac/dc High Voltage Probe5 kV dc/ac 1 MHz High Voltage ProbeClamp-on ac/dc Current Probe (100A)Kelvin Probe Set (4-wires, 1 m)Kelvin Clip Set (2 each)Top:Low thermal test leadsBottom:Kelvin probe and clip set29More High Performance Multimeters to Meet Your Needs34401A Multimeter•••••6.5 digits of resolution15 ppm basic 24-hr accuracy11 measurement functions1,000readings per second GPIB and RS-232 standardAgilent offers a full line of affordable, high performance DMMs from 3.5 digit Handhelds to the 8.5 digit 3458A. Pleaseconsult your T&M catalog or contact the nearest Agilent Technologies salesoffice for more information.The new standard in price/performanceIf you are looking for an affordable, highperformance DMM, look no further. The 34401A brings you all the performance youexpect from Agilent Technologies, but at aprice that will surprise you.Uncompromised performanceThe 34401A combines a powerful measure-ment engine with an advanced feature set.The results are impressive: 6.5 digits of resolution, 1,000 readings per second, 11 measurement functions, standard GPIB and RS-232, built-in limit test, and room for 512 readings in volatile memory.The 34401A is at home either on your benchor in your test system. Affordable workhorseBy leveraging 3458A measurement technology, replacing piles of discrete chipswith custom ICs, and by designing for manufacturability, we have eliminated costs without sacrificing reliability. The 34401A has a proven track record, with tensof thousands of units in the field today and anactual MTBFof over 150,000 hours. Withnumbers like that, chances are you’ll retirebefore it does.6.5 digit accuracy at a 5.5 digit price...the 34401A Multimeter3034420A

Nanovolt/Micro-ohm meter

•7.5 digits of resolution

•100 pV/100nΩof sensitivity•8nVpp noise

•Built-in two channel dcV scanner•ITS-90 temperature, including SPRTs

Take the uncertainty out of yourMore measurements low-level measurements

for your money

When every nanovolt counts, look to the Most existing nanovoltmeters measure 34420A for its low-noise, accuracy,

only nanovolts. However, the 34420A pro-and reliability. Low-noise input amplifiersvides a more complete solution for

and a highly tuned input protection schememeeting your low-level needs. We’ve added bring reading noise down to 8nVpp—halfa high precision current source to enablethat of other nanovolt meters in its class.resistance measurements from 100 nΩto Now add 100 pV/100 nΩof sensitivity, 2 ppm 1 MΩ, all without the hassle and expense basic 24-hr dcV accuracy, and 7.5 digits ofof an external supply. We’ve also includedresolution, and you’ve got accurate, repeat-ITS-90 conversion routines so you can readable measurements you can rely on monththermocouples, thermistors, and RTDs—after month.

even SPRTs— directly in degrees. And ifthat isn’t enough, a built-in two channel scanner allows automated dcV ratio and difference measurements. Better still, the 34420A offers all this functionality forless than what you are used to paying fornanovolt-only products.

Nanovolt performance at a Microvolt price...the 34420A

Nanovolt/Micro-Ohm Meter

31

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