08 非谓语动词口诀-2020年高考英语语法突破真题精讲+课件

1、巧记动词不定式基本用法口诀

不定式有标记，to与动原连一起。 to do sth 没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。 主宾定补表状语，唯独作谓不可以。

not加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。 not to do

疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。 what / how/ when/ where... to do 仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据，

2、巧记接不定式做宾语的动词

开始希望能答应（begin，start，expect，hope, wish, want, agree, promise） 努力要求莫拒绝（try，demand，order, refuse） 设法学会做决定（manage, learn, decide） 不要假装在选择（pretend, choose）

3、巧记少数后面只能用动名词做宾语的动词

考虑建议盼原谅，（consider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,excuse ,pardon ） 承认推迟没得想，（admit, delay / put off , fancy） 避免错过继续练，（avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practice） 否认完成停能赏，（deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate） 不禁介意准逃亡，（can’t help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape） 不准冒险凭想象。（forbid , risk , imagine）

4、巧记既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式的动词

双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。 不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。 begin , start ,like ,love, prefer , hate ,dislike ,continue，remember , forget , try , mean , stop , regret , want , need , require

其中有一些后接动名词和接不定式表达的意思不同：

1) 三个需要很常用，动名作宾语表被动,不定式作宾语表主动．

to be done 需要

need/want/require doing 需要

sb. to do sth. 需要/要求/想要 eg. I need to go now=I want to go now=I require to go now． 我得走了

The chair needs repairing=The chair needs to be repaired． 这个凳子需要被修理 2) stop to do开始做, stop doing停止做

try to do努力做， try doing试一试 mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着做 regret to do 很遗憾要去做 regret doing 后悔做过

remember/forget to do 记得/忘记要做 remember /forget doing 记得/忘记已经做过 eg. Stop to listen to me=Stop what you are doing and begin to listen to me．

Stop talking=Don't talk。

He tried to think in English=He tried his best to think in English． He tried repairing the radio．

5、其他特例 sb. to do sth.

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1) allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider

doing sth.

Smoking is forbidden here so we don’t allow you to smoke.

2) deserve + 名词 /doing /to be done 值得被做

Your suggestion deserves considering/to be considered. 你的建议值得考虑。

3) 值得：be worth + 名词/doing be worthy of + 名词/being done be worthy to be done This place is worth visiting. = This place is worthy of a visit/being visited. = This place is worthy to be visited. 这个地方值得参观。

非谓语动词做宾语补足语巧学妙记

1、下列动词后面跟带to 的不定式做补语：

ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on 等。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。 You are not allowed to smoke in this area. 不允许你在这个区域抽烟。

2、感官动词

see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等的宾语补足语的用法 doing sth. 看见……正做…… do sth. 看见……做了…… see+ 宾语+ being done 看见……正在被做…… done 看见……被做……

I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听到她唱了一首英文歌。 (表主动、完成) I hear her singing an English song. 我听见她在唱英文歌。（表主动，正在进行）

I heard an English song sung by a girl. 我听到一个小女孩唱了一首英文歌。 （表被动、完成） I heard an English song being sung by a girl. 我听见一个女孩正在唱一首英文歌。（表被动正在进行）

3、使役动词make, let, get, have等的宾语补足语的用法

1) make /let/have + 宾语 + do (但是 get + 宾语+ to do) (使/ 让/ 叫 某人去做某事)

Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些盐。

You may get your son to carry the heavy box for you. 你可以让你的儿子帮你被这个重箱子。 2) have + 宾语 + doing 使/让…… 持续地做某事；（疑问句、否定句）容忍，允许

get + 宾语 + doing 使/让…… 开始行动起来

His question got the students thinking. 他的问题使学生们思考起来。 I won’t have you walking home all by yourself. 我不会让你独自走回家的。 3) have/get /make+ 宾语 + done（但是let+ 宾语 + be done） 使/让/ 叫…被做； have sth. done 还表示“使遭受”

I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得（请人）修一下我的自行车。 Tom had his legs broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时伤了腿。

注意：下列动词主动语态中接省略to的不定式，被动句中要加上to

吾看三室两厅一感觉

五看（see, watch, look at, notice）；三使（let, make, have）；二听（listen to, hear）；一感（feel） Though he had often made his little sister cry, that day he was made to cry by his little sister.

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4、leave，keep宾语补足语的用法

1) leave/keep + 宾语+ doing 使… 保持某种状态

leave + 宾语 + undone 留下某事未做； keep+宾语+done 使……被

leave + sb.+ to do 让某人去做某事 leave + sth.+ to be done 留下某事要被做 He went to the cinema, leaving me to do all the rest of the work. 他去看电影了，留下我一个人去做剩余的所有的工作。（主动、将来）

We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆匆忙忙结束了会议，留下许多问题等待解决（被动、将来）

The guest left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn?t taste delicious. 大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。（被动、完成）

5、常用不定式做主语补语的句型

主语 + be + said/believed/known/reported/considered等 + 不定式 主系表 + （of /for sb.）+不定式

It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直开着是不对的。 He is said to have gone abroad.= It is said that he has gone abroad.据说他出国了。

He is considered to be the most diligent student in our class. 他被认为是我们班最勤奋的学生。

6、 特别注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 、prevent、inform、suggest、forgive等没有宾补。

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