职称英语试题2011

2011年职称英语等级考试真题 (理工类B级）

第1部分.词汇选项（第1〜15题, 每题1分, 共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有短横线, 请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year. A. held B. offered C. increased D. expected 2. Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer. A. hoped B. admitted C. reported D. answered 3. The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular. A. general B. traditional C. magnificent D. strong 4. The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy. A. choice B. idea C. decision D. reason 5. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. A. understand B. give C. attach D. lose 6. They converted the spare bedroom into an office. A. reduced B. moved C. reformed D. turned 7. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do. A. doubting B. thinking C. saying D. knowing 8. We need to extract the relevant financial data. A. store B. save C. obtain D. review

9. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours. A. stand B. spend C. take D. last 10.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference. A. offered B. included C. investigated D. accepted 11.His shoes were shined to perfection. A. polished B. cleared C. washed D. mended 12.She always finds fault with everything. A. criticizes B. simplifies C. evaluates D. examines 13.We have to act within the existing legal framework. A. limit B. procedure C. status D. system 14.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives. A. effort B. problem C. concern D. influence 15.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.

A. relative B. continuous C. general D. sharp 第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题, 每题1分, 共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子, 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息, 请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息, 请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及, 请选择C

Lakes, Too, Feel Global Warming

There’s no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming and trying to figure out what to do about it. Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009.satellites recorded the

nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.

In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem small you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae(水藻), and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.

The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.

That's going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists aren't the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse(温室) gases we put into the air.

That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFC CC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.

16.Scientists have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17.The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

20. Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. Global warming is less threatening to small countries.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. UNFCCC’s annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 The iPad

l. The iPad is a tablet computer (平板电脑) designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals, movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds(680 grams),its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the iPad in April 2010.and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.

2 The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for iPhone. Without modification.it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.

3. Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display—a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressuretriggered stylus(触控笔). The iPad uses a WiFi data connection to browse（浏览）the Internet, load and stream media, and install Software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The device is managed and synchronized by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable.

4. An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things (25.E). There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for email services. iPad

applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.

5. While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost& Sullivan shows that iPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity, reduced paperwork and increased revenue. 23. Paragraph 2______ 24. Paragraph 3______ 25. Paragraph 4_____ 26. Paragraph 5_____

A. Online stores B. Differences from iPhone C. Display and data connection D. Business usage E. Features and applications F. Operating system

27.In April 2010 the iPad developed by Apple was ________.

28.The iPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not ________. 29.iPad applications enable the owner’s email accounts to be ________.

30.iPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be ________.

A. modified B. increased C. personalized D. browsed E. distributed F. released 第四部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇Cell Phones; Hang Up or Keep Talking?

Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.

The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning(扫描)equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree.

What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. Hightech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.

As the discussion about their safety continues.it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often. 41.People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that A. they’re popular. B. they’re useful. C. they're convenient. D. they’re cheap.

42.The word “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A. cured. B. removed. C. caused. D. discovered.

43.The salesman retired young because A. he disliked using mobile phones. B. he couldn’t remember simple tasks. C. he was tired of talking on his mobile phone. D. his employer's doctor persuaded him to.

44.On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies

A. deny the existence of mobile phone radiation.

B. develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation. C. try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health. D. hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about. 45.The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people A. to buy mobile phones. B. to stop using mobile phones. C. to update regular phones. D. to use mobile phones less often. 第二篇The Book of Life

So far, scientists have named about 1. 8 million living species（物种）,and that’s just a small part of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other creatures covering the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.

A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia（百科全书）of Life( EoL). The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.

To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases(数据库) that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, nonscientists with specialized(专门的) knowledge will get to join in. Birdwatchers, for example, will be able to input which birds they’ve seen and where. The technology for this kind of tool has only recently become available.

As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that haven’t been reviewed.

Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match your interests, age, and current knowledge. If you wanted to learn about

bears for a science class report, for example, you could use the “novice” setting to get basic information about the animals. On the “expert” setting, on the other hand, you could get much more detailed information about the history, literature, and exploration of bears. It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.

36.“Spider” and “bird” mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate A. animals are people’s friends.

B. there are numerous living species on Earth. C. it is easy to see spiders and birds. D. there are many types of spiders and birds, 37.The goal of the creation of the EoL is to

A. collect enough data to analyze the living species on Earth. B. work out an easy-to-use catalog of every living species on Earth, C. enlarge an existing website of the living species on Earth.

D. add new information to the existing databases of the living species on Earth. 38.At the starting stage the EoL will get information from A. all the websites available. B. databases built up by its creators. C. the existing scientific databases.

D. non-scientists with specialized knowledge.

39.The word “novice” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by A. beginner. B. scientist.

C. creator. D. expert.

40.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Scientists have cataloged only a small part of the living species on Earth. B. The EoL will be beneficial to school kids with its development. C. Scientists will review every piece of the information added to the EoL.

D. People with different interests and knowledge will in a way find the EoL useful. 第三篇Longer Lives for Wild Elephants

Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as having difficulty finding food and avoiding predators (猛兽) don’t exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe (成熟的) old age.

But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies.

To learn more about how captivity (圈养) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born female elephants with the life spans of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps(伐木场), over approximately the same time period.

The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16. 9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years —more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18. 9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41. 7 years.

Scientists don’t know yet why wild elephants seem to get on so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity (肥胖症) may be to blame. Zoo elephants

don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Social lives of elephants arc also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups.

The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce5ft) successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesn't appear to be the case with elephants. 41.Unlike other animals in zoos, zoo-raised elephants A. live a long life.

B. give birth to many babies. C. develop poor health. D. have difficulty getting food.

42.Which of the following about the scientists ’study is NOT true? A. They compared zoo-born elephants with wild elephants. B. They analyzed the records of 800 elephants kept in zoos. C. The zoo-born elephants they studied were kept in European zoos. D. They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.

43.It was found that, compared with female wild elephants, female zoo-born elephants A. lived longer. B. grew up faster. C. died much earlier.

D. enjoyed the same life spans.

44.One of the possible reasons for the zoo-raised elephants’ problems is that A. they do not get proper food. B. they do too much exercise.

C. they live in large herds.

D. they do not live in family groups.

45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

A. zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully. B. zoos should keep more animals except elephants. C. it may not be wise to keep elephants in zoos. D. elephants are no longer an endangered species. 第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。 Flying into History

When you turn on the television or read a magazine, celebrities(名人) are everywhere. Although fame and the media play such major roles in our lives today, it has not always been that way. _______(46) Many historians agree that Charles Lindbergh was one of the first major celebrities, or superstars.

Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1902, but he grew up in Little Falls, Minnesota. As a child, he was very interested in how things worked, so when he reached college, he pursued a degree in engineering. At the age of 20,however,the allure(诱惑) of flying captured Lindbergh’s imagination. ________ (47) Soon after, Lindbergh bought his own plane and traveled across the nation performing aerial stunts（空中特技）.

In 1924, Lindbergh became more serious about flying. He joined the United States military and graduated first in his pilot class. ________ (48)

During the same time, a wealthy hotel owner named Raymond Orteig was offering a generous a- ward to the first pilot who could fly nonstop from New York City to Paris, France. The Orteig Prize was worth$ 25,000—a large amount even by today’s standards. Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long. ________ (49)

On May 20,1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the next day at an airstrip（简易机场）outside Paris. Named in honor of the sponsor, The Spirit of St. Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books. He became a national hero and a huge celebrity.

When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape (热烈的) parade held to celebrate his accomplishment. ________ (50) A very popular dance was even named for Charles Lindbergh—the Lindy Hop. Today, The Spirit of St. Louis is kept at the Smithsonian Institute’s National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D. C. A. He also received a Medal of Honor, the highest United States military decoration. B. Eighty years ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.

C. Working with an aviation company from San Diego, California, and with financial help from the city of St. Louis, Lindbergh got a customized (定制的)airplane that could make the journey.

D. Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot, flying out of St. Louis, Missouri.

E. He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he learned to be a pilot. F. His childhood was not full of fond memories.

第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens

While some teenagers may use cigarettes to “self-medicate”( 自我治疗)against the blues（忧郁）scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually__________(51 )depressive symptoms in some teens. “This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived__________(52) benefits of smoking among teens, ”says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. “__________(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long__________(54) we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms. ”

As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to__________(55) mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools__________(56)in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Participants were divided into three__________(57): never smokers*smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical__________(58): smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things; had__________(59) going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt anxious or tense; and worried too much about things.

“Smokers who used cigarettes as mood__________(60)had higher risks of elevated (提升) depressive symptoms__________(61)teens who had never smoked,’’ says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicinc. “Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are__________(62) higher risk of developing depressive symptoms. ’’ The__________(63) between depression and smoking exists__________(64) among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. “It's__________(65) to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,’’ says Dr. Chaiton.

51. A. diagnose B. increase C. examine D. treat 52. A. financial B. material C. emotional D. political 53. A. Whatever B. Although C. Since D. If 54. A. road B. term C. journey D. distance 55. A. affect B. judge C. lead D. study 56. A. located B. moved C. exposed D. mixed 57. A. groups B. sets C. species D. versions 58. A. beauty B. state C. world D. activity 59. A. time B. courage C. trouble D. energy 60. A. tellers B. improvers C. creators D. designers

61. A. not B. than C. but D. that 62. A. at B. in C. about D. without 63. A. association B. cooperation C. difference D. agreement 64. A. probably B. principally C. occasionally D. scarcely 65. A. important B. meaningless C. illogical D. friendly 第1部分：词汇选项

1-5 CBCDA 6-10 DCCAC 11-15 AADDB 第2部分：阅读判断 16-22 BACAABC

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 23-30 FCEDFACB 第4部分：阅读理解

31-35 DDBDD 36-40 BBCAA 41-45 CDCDC 第5部分：补全短文 46-50 BEDCA 第6部分：完形填空

51-55 BCBBA 56-60 AABCB 61-65 BAABA