5.媒体类雅思

引言

媒体类话题主要包括：电视、报纸、杂志、网络等。

近些年常考的话题有人们购买商品是因为需要，广告没有必要，作用仅仅是娱乐，是否同意？

儿童广告有很多的负面效应，应该禁止。

读书比看电视更能激发想象力和培养语言技巧是否同意？ 是否同意新闻传媒的影响是负面的？ 报纸对于人们看待问题方式和行为的影响。 媒体对青少年的影响等。

媒体是否应该详细报道犯罪 （媒体和犯罪相结合的话题）

G类话题偏重于电视对青少年的影响。 媒体题目真题再现

20080816 Detailed description of crimes on newspaper and TV can have bad consequences on society, so this kind of information should be restricted on media. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 关键词解读：媒体是否应犯罪细节

媒体报道涉(media coverage/ report)及到（媒体media，罪犯criminals/ law breakers/ offenders，受害者(victims)，观众(audiences/ viewers)-小孩(children/ kids)或青少年(teenagers/ adolescents)、年青人young people/ young adults）

Agree: 1）对罪犯将来重新做人不利 (….makes it harder for criminals to be accepted by the society/ community)

2）受害者会产生负面情绪，情感上难以接受报道内容(It is emotionally unacceptable for the victim(s) and their family to see or to know that the detailed report of their nightmarish experience has been publicized/ made public) + (Indeed/ In other words/ By this I mean that, knowing that their painful experience goes on the paper or screen is sure to leave profound psychological trauma on the victim(s) for forever)

3）造成观众恐慌(panic)（或对小孩和青少年产生负面影响，久而久之，会对他们的性格(shape their personality, values and attitudes)，价值观等造成影响。使他们变得很有攻击性over time, they might become aggressive in behaviors）- (it will exert unfavorable impacts on children and teenagers, as they are exposed to violence, cheating or adult problems prematurely过早地). Studies show that children who watch unwholesome content such violent or criminal acts are more likely to show aggressive behaviors.

4）犯罪分子可以模仿(imitate)节目中的情节(plots/ details)，然后在其它地方（如

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信息比较滞后的地方= and commit the same wrongdoing/ trick in other places where the information is not as up-to-date as the cities）犯罪

Disagree:

1）人们知情权会被剥夺(people have the right to know about crime and if report about crime is restricted, their right is literally/ virtually/actually deprived of.)。通过报道，人们可以了解犯罪(learn about/ know about)，从而提高警惕(raise their vigilance against crime)。

2）法制类报道(legal reports)常包含宣传对各种犯罪的惩罚(punishment)，因此起到了震慑作用(deterrent impact/ deterrence)，能使potential criminals了解法律的处罚，从而放弃犯罪(give up the idea of crime)。

20090305 Newspapers have an enormous influence in people’s opinions and ideas. Why and do you think it is positive or negative situation?关键词解读：报纸的影响

20090418 If a product is good or it meets people’s needs, people will buy it. So advertising is unnecessary and no more than an entertainment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

关键词解读：广告的作用仅仅是娱乐

20090516 It has been believed that people who read for pleasure have developed imagination and language skills better than people who prefer to watch TV. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 关键词解读：读书与看电视

20090822 News media has become more influential in our life nowadays. Some people think that it is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 关键词解读：新闻媒体的利弊

20100327 Studies suggest that children spend more time on watching TV than they did in the past and spend less on doing active or creative things. Why do you think this is a case? What measures can be used to tackle it?关键词解读：看电视扼杀创造力

链接机经关键词 信息性

◎ 媒体这种最流行和广泛的方式(pervasive and enjoy the popularity)，传播信息(disseminate information)，使人们迅速地获取最新的消息(the latest news)，也给我们提供了丰富的信

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息(provide us with rich information)，使人信息灵通(keep people well-informed)，与时俱进(keep up with the times)。 娱乐性

◎ 媒体有很强的娱乐性(entertaining)，使人们得到放松(enable people to relax)，丰富了人们的生活(enrich people’s life)。 教育性

◎有教育的功能(play the educational role )，传播知识(spread knowledge)

Many people watch different educational programs to find out more about their environment, nature, wild life animals, economic situations, etc. 记者应具备的素质

◎ 新闻报道(news report)要全面(show the public the whole picture/ whole story)，要保证公正

(remain impartial，news coverage)不能隐瞒(the truth cannot be suppressed)，也不能大肆渲染(while others are highlighted)。

◎ 新闻记者要想报道客观公正(objective)，不能加入主观的倾向(preferences)。新闻报道的

职责是报道事实(report the truth)，而不是追求轰动的效应或新闻(sensational news)，也不能屈服于压力(bow to the pressure)，这样才能值得信(trustworthy)和具有新闻价值(newsworthy)。 负面影响 ◎ 信息爆炸(information overload/explosion)有时使我们无法选择信息，浪费时间(squander time)。

◎ 植入广告(built-in advertisements)和潜意识广告(subliminal advertisements)对于人们来说是一个麻烦事(nuisance)。虚假广告(fake/ false advertising) 频频发生。

◎ 缺少监管(supervision)及严厉的审查制(censorship)，暴力(violence)和色情(pornography)没有严格的控制，未经审查信息腐蚀小孩的心灵(Uncensored information corrupts children’s minds)，会误导他们(misguiding)。

◎ 网络犯罪(cyber crime)，是目前犯罪的一个新渠道(new channel)。

词汇部分 新 闻

journalism n. 新闻业，新闻工作，新闻报道 【同源词汇】journal n. 日报；

journalist n. 新闻工作者，记者

【经典搭配】Journalism and Communication 新闻传播学

【即学即用】The culture, journalism, publishing, broadcasting, film and television undertakings

developed vigorously.

文化、新闻、出版、广播和电影电视事业蓬勃发展。

coverage n. 新闻报道

【同源词汇】cover vt. 采访，报导

【同义表达】reportage n. 报道，新闻报道 【经典搭配】coverage of the event 事件报导

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Journalists can also add a certain prejudice or bias to their coverage of news.

记者在报导新闻时，也可能带

有一定的偏见。

【即学即用】

词汇拓展 the latest news 最新消息 exclusive news 独家报道 sensational news 爆炸性新闻 news blockout newsbreak 值得报道的新闻 TV coverage 电视报道 headline n. 头版头条新闻 vt. 大力宣传 【经典搭配】

hit (或make) the headlines 作为重要新闻见

报，被大肆宣传

headline news 头条新闻

【即学即用】Generally, when a star athlete is injured, the injury will become headline news.

一般来说，当一个明星运动员受了伤，他的伤势会成为新闻头条。

barometer n. [比喻]晴雨表，变化的标志

【经典搭配】the barometer of 变化的标志

【即学即用】The press has the function of the barometer of the public opinion. 媒体承担着晴雨表的功能。

abreast of 了解„„的最新情况 【keep pace with】 【同义表达】keep people well-informed 使人们消息灵通 【即学即用】Many people often watch the news channel to keep abreast of the latest news.

keep

很多人看新闻频道来了解最新新闻。 disseminate vt.& vi. 散布，宣传，传播

【同源词汇】dissemination n. 宣传； disseminative adj. 传播的 【同义表达】publicize vt. 宣传，公布

【经典搭配】disseminate information 传播信息 dissemination medium 传播媒介

【即学即用】Internet and TV enable the messages to be disseminated even further.

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互联网和电视可以使信息传播得更广泛。 omnipresent adj. 无所不在的，普遍存在的

【同义表达】prevalent adj. 流行的，普遍的；widespread adj. 普遍的，广泛的；pervasive

adj. 普遍的；prevailing adj. 流行的

【即学即用】The modern media has become an omnipresent important power in our society.

现代媒体成了社会上无所不在的一种重要力量。

flow of information 信息流，信息流动

【经典搭配】accelerate the flow of information 加速信息的传播

【即学即用】In the modem society, more and more people realize the importance of the free flow

of information and the right to know.

现代社会，越来越多的人意识到到信息公开和知情权的重要性。

information explosion 信息爆炸

【同义表达】information overload 信息超载

【即学即用】It is obvious that people are living in an information-explosion era. 很显然，人们生活在信息爆炸的时代。 code of

ethics 道德准则，道德规范

【即学即用】Being honest is the important content of the professional code of ethics in journalism

and the foundation of sharing information and communicating between people. 诚信是新闻职业道德规范的重要内容，是人们信息沟通与交流的基础。

up-to-date adj. 最新的，最近的

【同义表达】up-to-the-minute 最新的；latest adj. 最新的 【考官例句】Programmes specializing in pop music or TV soap operas focus more on local news,

home issues and up-to-date traffic reports.

专门播放流行音乐或肥皂剧的节目，会更关注当地新闻、家庭生活及最新的交

通状况。

【句架提炼】specialize in… 专门研究

newsworthy adj .有新闻价值的，值得报道的

【即学即用】It is newsworthy because it reflects a cultural attitude.

它具有新闻价值是因为它折射出了一种文化态度。

trustworthy adj. 可信赖的，可靠的

【同义表达】reliable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的；dependable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的 【经典搭配】trustworthy product 信得过产品

【即学即用】The news on TV should be trustworthy, which is the prerequisite of journalism. 电视上的新闻应该是值得信赖的，这是新闻业的前提条件。 have a good nose 嗅觉敏锐

【经典搭配】have a good nose for news 对新闻敏感、有洞察力 【即学即用】We say a good reporter must have a good “nose” for a story .

我们说，一个好记者必须有一个对新闻非常敏感的嗅觉。

objectively adv. 客观地

【同源词汇】；objectiveness n. 客观性 objective adj. 客观的，不带偏见的

【同义表达】unbiased adj. 公正的，无偏见的；unprejudiced adj. 没有成见的，公平的；

impersonal adj. 客观的； impartial adj. 公平的，公正的，不偏不倚的；

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unswayed adj. 不为所动的，不受影响的

【反义表达】

subjective adj. 主观的，个人的

【经典搭配】objective and fair 客观公正的

【即学即用】The real function of media is to reveal the world objectively. 媒体的真正功能是客观地反映世界。 写作话题 新闻记者必备的素质是什么？ Some think we can acquire knowledge form news report. Others believe we cannot trust journalists. What do you think? What important qualities should a journalist have? 思路拓展 记者应具备的良好素质faculty可以从几个方面拓展思路： 责任感sense of responsibilities,公正与客观 objectiveness, 敏锐的洞察力sensitive perception，细致入微的调查careful investigation和远见卓识deep insight，更重要的是高尚的道德观high moral values 及遵守职业道德abide by the professional code of ethics，具体来说： 1. He should be unbiased and free from any stereotypes, prejudices. （报道不能带有偏见） 2. He should write what he sees, and the story is newsworthy. （真实性，具有新闻价值） 3. He should follow the ethics of journalism. （职业操守） 4. He should not mingle his own opinion in the story. （不能在报道中参进个人意见） 5. He should try to provide complete and authentic information. （全面真实的报道） 6. He must have greatest sense of responsibilities. （责任感） 7. He must try to find all sides to a story. （报道要全面） 8. He must be friendly, personable and articulate. （友好、有风度、口才好） 9. News reporters must be educated in the typical news industry subject areas, including Journalism, Communications, Reporting, Copyediting, Writing, Languages, Sociology, Politics, Economics, Government, and a myriad of similar related topics. （知识与技能准备） reveal vt. 揭示，揭露，泄露

【同义表达】expose vt. 揭露，揭发；reveal vt. 揭露

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【即学即用】Mass media plays a crucial role in revealing public opinion, connecting the world to

individuals. 大众传媒在反映上起着关键作用，是连接人们与世界的纽带。

cover up 掩盖

【经典搭配】cover up facts 掩盖真实。

【即学即用】The authorities were able to cover up what really happened at the incident.

当局设法掩盖了事件的。

bow to 屈服于，服从

【同义表达】give way to 让步，屈服

【经典搭配】bow to pressure 趋于压力

【即学即用】Eventually the government was forced to bow to public pressure and reform the tax.

最后被迫顺从公众的压力并改革税收。

biased adj.有偏见的，倾向性的，片面的

【同源词汇】bias n. 偏见，偏爱 【同义表达】prejudiced adj. 怀偏见的； subjective adj. 主观的，个人的； unjust adj. 不

公平的；partial adj. 不公平的

【即学即用】Many parents are biased against popular music.

许多父母对流行音乐有偏见。 【句架提炼】

be biased against 对„„有偏见

广 告

advertising n. 广告，广告业

【同源词汇】advertise vi. 做广告，登广告； advertisement n. 广告 【经典搭配】advertising industry 广告业

【即学即用】The advertising industry has penetrated into every aspect in society. 广告业遍布社会生活的各个角落。 advertisement n. 广告 【即学即用】Advertisements bombard every minute of our lives. 广告时刻浸入我们的生活。 背景知识 advertising与advertisement的区别 advertising永远是不可数名词，advertising 着重指广告行业，advertisement指发布出来的广告。 commercial n. 商业广告

【同源词汇】commercialization n. 商品化，商业化 【经典搭配】commercial campaign 商业活动

【即学即用】The television commercials paint an unrealistic picture of how good life is once you

own their product.

电视商业广告为人们描绘了一副一旦拥有某种产品，生活会变得多么美好的不

真实的画面。

non-commercial adj. 非商业性

【经典搭配】non-commercial purpose 非商业用途

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【即学即用】Apart from promoting commercial goods, advertising can also be used to educate

and motivate the public about non-commercial issues such as AIDS, environmental reservation, family planning, etc.

除了促销商品之外，广告也有非商业用途，如教导人们关于艾滋病常识、环境

保护及计划生育等。

over-commercialization 过度商业化

【即学即用】On the other hand, there are a number of negative impacts of advertising, for

example, it can create

over-commercialization

which can increase the frustration on people.

另一方面，广告也有负面效应，如过度的商业化会给人们造成不安。

思路拓展 Advantages and disadvantages of advertisement it is the process through which consumers are made aware of the products and services available（产品和服务信息） in the market. Secondly, it leads to The first advantage is thatsales promotion（销售量）of a company which usually results in increasing the sales volume of the company. increase the brand positioning（产品定位） in the market and make the brand visible. Moreover, it can On the other hand, there are a number of negative impacts of over-commercialization（过度商业化） which can increase frustration in people. advertising, like 8 / 22

it can be expensive, if the companies go for expensive media channels. Advertising usually Secondly, over-emphasize the features of the products or the services. Advertising can also increase competition and it can create advertisement war within competitors. electronic media 电子媒体，电子媒介

【即学即用】To prevent commercialization of electronic media, some countries have made it

mandatory for broadcasters to air some advertisements related to consumer interest.

为防止电子媒体的商业化，有些国家强行限定播放的广告要与消费者的利益挂

钩。

consumption n. 消费，消耗

【同源词汇】consumer n. 消费者； consume vt. 消费；consuming adj. 消费的 【同义表达】expenditure n. 支出，花费

【经典搭配】the consumption of … 消耗量 【即学即用】People are also arguing about the increase in consumption of substances like alcohol

and cigarettes after viewing the advertisements.

人们也在争议看完烟酒的广告之后，烟酒的消耗量增加的问题。

target audience 目标观众，目标受众

【即学即用】It is through the persuasiveness of media such as television, radio and print media

that messages reach their target audiences. These have been influential media as they have been largely responsible for structuring people's daily lives and routines.

通过像电视、广播及平面媒体的宣传，目标受众了解信息。在很大的程度上，

媒体的影响力体现在人们的日常生活中。

portray

vt. 描绘

【同义表达】describe vt. 描述，形容； picture vt. 描写； depict vt. 描述，描画

【即学即用】Young people are likely to

imitate

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the lifestyle portrayed in the

commercials and squander money.

年轻人容易模仿广告中的生活方式，然后浪费钱。

tailor vt. 使合适

【同义表达】

cater for

the needs 迎合„„需求

【经典搭配】tailor sth. to one’s popular taste 迎合大众的口味 tailors its products to individual need 使产品符合个性需求

【考官例句】If it is true, then, that newspapers and TV stations are tailoring their news to their

readers’ and viewers’ requirements, how can they possibly be reporting real world events in an honest and objective light?

如果这是真实的，那么报纸和电视就会将新闻迎合大众的口味，那还怎么可能

以真实和客观的角度报道事件呢？

【句架提炼】tailor…to one’s requirements 符合某人的要求 competition n. 竞争，角逐

【同源词汇】competitive adj. 竞争的；competitiveness n. 竞争力；competitor n. 竞争者 【即学即用】Advertising can also increase competition and it can create advertisement war within

competitors.

广告能促进竞争，使竞争对手打起了广告战。 promotion n. 推销，促销

【经典搭配】sales promotion 促销

【即学即用】Advertising leads to sales promotion of a company which usually results in

increasing the sales volume of the company.

广告能进行产品促销，增加公司的销售额。 positioning n. 定位

【经典搭配】product positioning 产品定位

【即学即用】Moreover, it can increase the brand positioning in the market and make the brand

visible.

此外，能够强化产品在市场的定位，使该品牌公之于众。 bombard （用问题、建议等）不断攻击，向„„连续提出问题

【经典搭配】

be bombarded with

充斥

着„„

【即学即用】People are bombarded by violence and crimes on TV. 电视节目上充斥着暴力和犯罪。 be flooded with 充斥着„„，充满

【即学即用】If the life is flooded with the fake news or advertisements, then people will become

numb to the media.

如果生活里充满了假新闻或者虚假广告，那么人们会对媒体麻木起来。 be saturated with 充斥着„„

【即学即用】When it became obvious that the city was saturated with orphans, city officials

decided something needed to be done.

很显然城里的孤儿已经人满为患，市的们认为应该采取措施。

be surrounded by 被„„包围

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【即学即用】Some people blame the fact that we

are surrounded by

advertisements selling unhealthy food such as chips and fried chicken.

有些人指责说我们的生活被像薯条和炸鸡翅这样的垃圾食品包围了 【句架提炼】Some people blame the fact that… 有些人指责„„ sway vt. 使摇动，影响 vi. 摇摆，影响 n. 摇摆，摇动 【同义表达】affect vt. 影响

【经典搭配】be swayed by 在„„影响下

under the sway of 在„„支配之下；在„„影响下

【即学即用】It is fairly difficult to say that people will be swayed by the advertising. 很难说人们是否会受到广告的影响。 follow…blindly 盲从

【经典搭配】follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚 【即学即用】People should be rational consumers and avoid being misled by false information on

the commercials to

follow the trend blindly.

应该做理性的消费者，避免被商业广告中的虚假信息误导而盲目跟风。 squander vt. &vi. 浪费

【经典搭配】squander time in doing sth. 浪费时间做某事 squander money 浪费金钱 【即学即用】He squandered too much time watching TV.

他整天都泡在电视机前，浪费大量的时间。

impulsively adv .冲动地，易冲动地

【同源词汇】impulsive adj. 冲动的；impulsiveness n. 冲动

【即学即用】Consumers may not actually need the products but they buy them impulsively soon

after they watch the advertisements.

消费者可能并不需要这些产品，他们只是在看完广告后冲动地就购买了。 propaganda n. 宣传，鼓吹 【同源词汇】propagandize vt. 宣传，对„„进行宣传 vi. 进行宣传；propagandism n. 宣

传

【同义表达】agitprop n. 宣传鼓动；publicity n. 宣传 【经典搭配】make propaganda for 为„„宣传

set up a propaganda 设立„„的宣传机关

【即学即用】The government produced much political propaganda.

进行了大量的政治宣传。

fake adj. 欺骗的，假的，伪造的

【同义表达】false adj. 伪造的；counterfeit adj. 假冒的，伪造的；fraudulent adj. 欺骗

性的

【经典搭配】fake/ false advertising 虚假广告 fake commodities 假冒商品

【即学即用】Fake advertisement attract more and more attentions and become a serious social

problem.

虚假广告越来越引人关注，成为一个严重的社会问题。

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fraudulent adj. 欺骗性的，欺诈的，骗人的，不诚实的

【同源词汇】fraud n. 欺骗； fraudulence n. 欺诈，欺骗性； fraudulency n. 欺诈，骗

诈

【同义表达】deceptive adj. 欺诈的；treacherous adj. 奸诈的；fallacious adj. 谬误的，

骗人的；fake adj. 伪造的

【即学即用】Some information on the Internet is misleading and fraudulent.

网上一些信息具有误导性和欺骗性。

trick vt. &vi. 欺骗，哄骗 n. 诡计，计谋

【同义表达】cheat vt.&vi. 欺骗；deceive vt.&vi. 欺骗； fool vt.&vi. 欺骗 【经典搭配】be tricked by 受欺骗 【即学即用】Without the strict censorship, people are constantly tricked by advertisements on TV. 没有严格的监管，人们时常被广告欺骗。 词汇拓展 be at one’s trick 捉弄人 play (或 put) a trick on someone 欺骗某人 tricks of the trade 某一门职业或生意的诀窍 dirty tricks 卑鄙的手段 uncensored【即学即用】 adj. 未经审查的，无保留的，无约束的 【同源词汇】censor vt. 审查；censorship n. 审查制度 【经典搭配】uncensored news reports 未受审查的新闻报道 In a sensecorrupts children’s minds. , uncensored information 从一定意义上来说，未经审查信息腐蚀小孩的心灵。 exaggeration n. 夸张，夸大之词，夸张的手法

【同源词汇】exaggerate vi. 夸大，夸张； exaggerated adj. 夸张的，言过其实的 【同义表达】overstatement n. 大话，夸大的叙述

【即学即用】People buy the products impulsively due to the exaggeration of the advertisements. 由于广告的夸大宣传，使人们冲动地购买了某些产品。 over-emphasize 过度强调

【即学即用】Advertising usually over-emphasize the features of the products or the services. 广告通常会过分地渲染产品或服务。 intrude vi. 侵入，侵扰，打扰

【同源词汇】intrusion n. 侵入，打扰； intrusive adj. 侵入的，打扰的 【同义表达】encroach vt. 侵犯； trespass vi. 打扰，冒犯

【经典搭配】intrude on (infringe on)someone’s privacy 侵犯隐私

【即学即用】Some paparazzi intrude on stars’ privacy so as to get the sensational news. 狗仔队为了获得轰动效应的新闻，会经常侵犯明星们的隐私。 privacy infringement 侵犯隐私

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【同义表达】invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私

【即学即用】But do they realize that rapidly advancing information technology can also lead to

privacy infringement?

但是他们有没有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私？

nuisance n. 讨厌的（东西或事情、行为等），恼人之事，公害

【同义表达】irritation n. 激怒，恼怒；bother n. 麻烦，烦恼； annoyance n. 烦恼 【经典搭配】make oneself a nuisance 被人讨厌

【即学即用】Excessive advertising has become a nuisance in most cities of the world. 在大多数的城市中，过多的广告很令人讨厌。 false claim 虚假声称

【即学即用】Manufacturers easily make false claims about any product and influence the minds

of the people. For instances, young kids will be easily attracted by the false claims made in advertisements.

很多厂家对产品虚假宣传，影响人们的心理，如儿童就很容易受到广告中不时

宣传的影响。

media hype 媒体炒作，媒体的大肆渲染

【即学即用】There is a big media hype for that new movie.

媒体的大肆渲染新推出的那部电影。

eating habit 饮食习惯

【同义表达】diet n. 饮食

【即学即用】Advertising influences our eating habits. There are ads for hamburgers, hotdogs,

pizzas, beer, candies, cakes, and the list keeps going.

广告影响着我们的饮食习惯，有汉堡、热狗、比萨、啤酒、糖果、蛋糕等等的

广告。

environment n. 环境 【即学即用】However, research clearly indicates that alcohol advertising and marketing also have

a significant effect by influencing youth and adult expectations and attitudes, and helping to create an environment that promotes underage drinking.

然而研究表明酒类的广告和营销对年轻人和成年人的预期和态度都有很大的

影响，创造了一种氛围来对未成年饮酒造势。

expectancy n. 期望，期待

【同源词汇】expect vt. 期望 vi. 期待

【同义表达】expectation n. 期待，预期；prospect n. 预期 【经典搭配】expectancy of value 预期值

【即学即用】If young people like alcohol ads, they are more likely to have positive expectancies

about alcohol use and to intend to drink.

如果年轻人喜欢酒类广告，他们就更愿意对饮酒抱有很高的期望，也就很可能

喝酒。

perception n. 感觉，知觉，洞察力，看法

【经典搭配】perception and attitudes 观念和态度

【即学即用】Exposure to alcohol advertising shapes attitudes and perceptions about alcohol use

among young people

酒精广告能够塑造青少年对饮酒的态度和观念。 ramification n. 结果，后果

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【即学即用】The consequences and ramifications of the mass media relate not merely to the way

newsworthy events are perceived, but also to a multitude of cultural influences that operate through the media.

大众传媒的带来的结果是不仅涉及到人们是如何看待那些具有新闻价值的事

件，同时也了解影响媒体的文化。

subliminal adj. 潜在意识的

【同源词汇】subliminally adv. 下意识地；潜意识地 【同义表达】sub-conscious adj. 下意识的

【经典搭配】subliminal advertising 潜意识广告

【即学即用】Subliminal advertising in magazines is based on the fact that under any

circumstances, you store more information in a fraction of a second--and are influenced by it--than you are ever consciously aware of.

杂志上的潜意识广告，会在任何情况下，转瞬间你就会记住信息，在没有意识

的情况下就受其影响了。

obesity n. 过度肥胖

【同源词汇】obese adj. 肥胖的，过胖的 【即学即用】There are millions of adolescents

fighting obesity, but at the

same time they are exposed to thousands of advertisements of junk food.

成千上完的青少年都在努力地减肥，但与此同时他们接触大量的垃圾食品广

告。

exclusively adv. 专有地，排外地，唯一地

【同源词汇】exclusive adj. 独有的n. 独家新闻 【经典搭配】an exclusive 独家新闻

exclusive to someone 仅限于„„的

【即学即用】Some advertisements including food, toys, music, clothes are designed exclusively

to target children.

有些广告如食品、玩具、音乐及服装都是专门针对于儿童的。 influential adj. 有影响的，有势力的 【同源词汇】influence n. 影响

【即学即用】The media has a strong social and cultural impact upon society. This is predicated

upon their ability to reach a wide audience with a strong and influential message.

媒体对我们的社会和文化都产生很大的影响。主要在于广大受众能够了解到强

有力的信息。

思路拓展 人们生活在广告的包围之中People are bombarded by advertisements。广告经常向公众隐瞒advertisements withhold the truth from the public，夸大产品的优点exaggerate the advantages of a certain product，但却掩饰其缺点hide the drawbacks，因此消费者很容易受到误导consumers fall victim to the misleading advertisements。同时有些广告宣扬一种不健康的生活方式advocate the unhealthy life pattern，如junk food，cigarette and alcohol。年轻人容易受到广告的不良影响young people are tricked by advertisements so that they purchase some unnecessary products，在广 14 / 22

告所创造的时尚氛围之中create a fashionable atmosphere，年轻人容易和别人攀比keep up with the Joneses，浪费了金钱squander money，成为拜金主义者money-worshipper。 电视

glue vt. 似用胶固定，使不移动

【经典搭配】glue one’s eyes to… 目不转睛地看

【即学即用】If children

stay glued to

the screen, then they will

ignore the conversation with family members.

如果孩子们一动不动地看电视，那么他们就会忽略和家里人谈话。

思路拓展 negative influences of TV Television makes people physically inactive. It is impossible to stand up and go for a walk when your favorite soap opera is coming up. You leave everything undone and rush to see what happens next and stay glued to the screen till it's over. Then another comes and you slowly but surely turn into a couch potato with health problems as in mental, as in physical field. What makes us glue ourselves to the TV screen and go to bed with a TV on? It's quite time to break the habit and start reading something useful, for example, the article about harm and advantages of watching TV. excessive adj. 过度的，过多的 【同源词汇】excessively adv. 过分地； excessiveness n. 过度，冗余

【经典搭配】excessive violent and pornographic contents过多的暴力与色情内容

【即学即用】Those kids have been linked to excessive use of violent video games and war

images.

孩子们过多地接触了暴力游戏和战争的影像。 pornography 色情，黄色电影

【同源词汇】pornographic adj. 色情的 【同义表达】obscene adj. 淫秽的 【即学即用】We ought to

strengthen our supervision over the TV programs which the children watch, leaving them no chances to be exposed to

violence and pornography.

应该加强对儿童所观看的电视节目的监管，不让他们有机会遇接触充满暴力和色情的节目。

misguide vt. 误导，使误入歧途

【同源词汇】misguided adj. 被误导的；misguiding adj. 误导人的

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【同义表达】mislead vt. 误导

【经典搭配】misguide teenagers 误导青少年

misguide consumers 误导消费者

【即学即用】Some exaggerated advertisements misguide consumers without mentioning the

side effects of the products.

夸大宣传的广告不会提及产品的副作用，误导消费者。 misguiding adj.有误导性的

【同义表达】misleading adj. 令人误解的，引入歧途的；distorted adj. 歪曲的

【即学即用】Some messages conveyed by TV is misguiding, and children are prone to imitate

and be led astray.

电视上传递的有些信息是误导性的，孩子们很容易模仿，误入歧途。 entertainment n. 娱乐，消遣

【同源词汇】entertaining adj. 令人愉快的，使人得到娱乐的；entertain vt. 娱乐 【经典搭配】entertain the audience with 用„„逗乐观众 【即学即用】Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively

cheap one.

电视不仅是在一种方便的娱乐来娱乐源，而且也是相对便宜的一种。 isolated adj. 孤立的

【同源词汇】isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立；isolation n. 隔离，孤立

【即学即用】Watching TV too much, people , especially youngsters, may become violent,

isolated, aggressive and eccentric. 年轻人看太多电视，会变得暴力、孤独、有攻击性及古怪。

couch potato 老泡在电视机前的人，终日懒散的人

【即学即用】They intended to do some exercise today but ended up being a couch potato and

watching TV all day.

他们今天本来要做一些运动，结果到头来躺在沙发上看了整天的电视。

背景知识 potato指土豆。但couch potato和mouse potato与土豆有关吗？让我们一起来看看这两个词语的源起。 电视业的发展，随之出现了一类喜欢花大把时间坐着或躺着看电视的人，我们可以将这类人称为“电视迷”，英文的表达方式就是couch potato。couch指坐卧两用的长沙发，potato指土豆，所以“沙发土豆”实际上是个不折不扣的“电视迷”。 A couch potato is a person who likes to spend a lot of time sitting or lying down while watching television. couch potato这个词最早是由美国加利福尼亚州名为罗伯特•阿姆斯特朗（Robert Armstrong）的艺术家于1976年创造，随后被人们广泛使用。 正如couch potato沉迷电视节目一样，mouse potato沉迷于电脑世界。mouse指鼠标，mouse potato多用来描述那些将大量时间花费在用电脑上的年轻人，可以称作“电脑迷”。 A mouse potato is a 16 / 22

person who spends a lot of time using computers. 这一词汇风靡于1993年，据说是由美国作家爱丽丝•卡恩（Alice Kahn）创造的。 exposure n. 显露，暴露，曝露

【经典搭配】exposure to… 曝光，受到 be exposed to… 接触

【即学即用】However a negative influence in teenagers is the use of cigars by movie stars, the

excessive images of violence and exposure to thousands of junk food advertisements.

然而对青少年的负面影响在于孩子们看到电影明星抽雪茄，过多的暴力场景及

看到众多的垃圾食品广告。

violence n. 激烈，暴力

【同源词汇】violent adj. 暴力的，猛烈的 【经典搭配】violent scenes 暴力场景

【即学即用】Of all the media distribution channels the most influential has been the television,

we are constantly exposed to thousands of images of violence and advertising。

电视是所有媒体形式中最具影响力的一种，我们不断地接触到很多的暴力、广

告。

思路拓展 媒体犯罪细节 媒体中的犯罪细节可能有助于减少犯罪率的上升abate the rise of crimes，尤其是年轻人会变得aggressive，并且会模仿所看到的情节。研究表明电视上的暴力可促使人们有攻击性的行为Studies show that TV violence encourages aggressive behavior，接触得越多，行为就越具有攻击性the more violence viewed, the greater the likelihood of aggressive behavior。他们变得麻木They become desensitized/ numb。孩子不仅会认为暴力是可以接受的，他们甚至会对恐怖行为或暴力变得麻木。Not only do children learn that violence is acceptable, they also become immune or numb to the horror of violence itself. 17 / 22

然而，媒体上的犯罪细节侵犯了大众的知情权violate the public’s right to know，让人们觉得生活的环境是安全的，缺少社会真正的了解，削弱了人们的危机意识weaken the awareness of crisis。 aggressive adj. 好斗的，侵略性的

【同源词汇】aggressively adv. 侵略地；攻击地；aggressiveness n. 攻击性，侵犯 【经典搭配】aggressive behavior 攻击行为

【即学即用】Critics of television violence say that when children watch an endless stream of

violent acts, they become desensitized to the damaging effects of aggressive behavior and feel less sympathy for the victims of aggressive acts.

批评家们认为孩子看到电视上没完没了的暴力场景，会对攻击性的行为带来的

后果变得麻木，对受害者没有同情心。

desensitize vt. 使不敏感，使麻木不仁

【经典搭配】become desensitized to 对„„麻木

【即学即用】Seeing too much violence on television can desensitize people to it.

在电视上看太多暴力，会使人对暴力麻木不仁。

immune adj. 免疫的，不受影响的

【经典搭配】be immune to 不受„„影响

【考官例句】We have become immune to bad news and the newspapers and radio stations are

aware of this.

我们对坏消息变得麻木了，报业和电台也意识到了这一点。 numb vt. 使麻木 adj. 冷淡的，无感情的 【同源词汇】numbness n. 麻木，麻痹

【经典搭配】become numb to… 对„„麻木 numbness to sth. 对„„麻木 【即学即用】The numbness to violence is scary . 人们对暴力的麻木让人感到恐怖。 reality and fantasy 现实与虚幻

【经典搭配】distinguish between reality and fantasy 分辨现实与虚幻

【即学即用】Television presents many unwholesome attitudes about sexuality, violence, and

ethics that may psychologically influence people who have less discernment between reality and fantasy.

电视上呈现出太多的关于性、暴力和伦理方面的内容，从心理上影响着那些还

不能正确看待现实与虚幻的人们。

immobilize vt. 使不动，使固定，使停止流通

【同源词汇】mobile adj. 机动的；易变的；mobilize vt. 动员，调动；immobilization n.

固定

【即学即用】We may decide to catch a one-hour program, but find ourselves immobilized by

TV's power and end up watching longer than we originally planned.

我们本打算看一个小时的节目，结果可能是我们在电视前一动不动，看的时间

18 / 22

比预计得长得多。

ensnare 使（落）入圈套，勾引

【经典搭配】be ensnared by… 受迷惑

【即学即用】Once we start watching, it is all too easy to become ensnared in its almost hypnotic

power to keep us watching regardless of the banality of the content.

一旦我们看上电视，很容易陷入电视的魔力之中，不管节目多么无聊，也一

直不停地看。

fall victim to 成为„„的牺牲品，成为„„的受害者

【即学即用】 According to the news report, 10 to 15-year-olds are the most likely age group to

fall victim to violence on TV.

据报道，10到15岁的青少年最容易沦为电视上暴力的牺牲品。

family ties 家庭关系

【经典搭配】strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系 foster family cohesion 促进家庭的团结

【即学即用】TV creates great harm not only by its influence, but also by what it prevents, the

talks, the games, the family festivities and family ties.

电视不仅带来很大的弊端，也阻碍了一些活动，如谈心、游戏、家庭节日及家

庭关系。

attention span 【心理学】注意广度，注意力耐久集中的时限，集中注意力的时限 【即学即用】TV also decreases one's attention span and weakens one's imagination. 电视缩短了人们的注意力时限，削弱了他们的想象力。 思路拓展 TV and Children 电视起着教育的功能play the educational role，也可以通过各类节目提高学习enhance one’s learning，满足孩子的好奇心cater for the children’s curiosity，开拓视野和拓宽知识面broad children’s outlook and enlarge scope of knowledge，进而丰富他们的生活enrich their life and experience。 但是当孩子们沉迷于电视 TV addicts，就很容易 are more prone to short-sightedness引起视力下降，不利于孩子的注意力和想象力：TV also decreases one's attention span and weakens one's imagination. It weakens our attention span because we grow used to quick, short bursts of information. As a result, we grow impatient if it takes a while to make a point. TV weakens our imagination because everything is portrayed for us. All we have to do is sit back and observe someone else's imagination. Books are just the opposite. They increase our attention span and help to develop our imagination.

措 施

bar from 禁止（某人）做（某事），阻止

【即学即用】The public are barred from access to the city library on the weekends.

市图书馆周末不开放。

deny access to 拒绝访问，不让进入

【即学即用】Children should be denied access to some websites.

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应该禁止孩子进入网吧。 regulate vt. 管理，控制

【同源词汇】regulation n. 管理

【同义表达】govern vt. 管理；control vt. 控制，管理；manage vt. 管理 【即学即用】Advertising needs to be strictly regulated and restricted.

应该对广告业进行严格的监管和。

restrict vt. ，限定，约束 【同源词汇】restriction n. ，约束

【同义表达】restrain vt. 约束； confine vt.

【经典搭配】be restricted to 仅限于„„，局限于„„ be restricted within 限于„„

【即学即用】Some people assert that restricting the amount of violence in media can lessen

violent crimes in society.

有些人认为媒体上的暴力情节可以减少社会中的犯罪。 censorship n. 审查，检查，审查制度

【同源词汇】censor vt. 审查；uncensored adj. 未经审查的

【同义表达】censorship n. 审查制度； supervision n. 监督，管理 【经典搭配】censorship of the press 新闻审查制度 relax censorship 放宽审查

impose strict censorship on… 实行严格的审查

【即学即用】Government should establish and impose a strict censorship on all mass media

应该建立和实施针对所有媒体的严格的审查制度适当的监管。

supervision n. 监督，管理，指导

【同源词汇】supervise vt.& vi. 监督，管理；superviser n. 监察人，管理者 【同义表达】regulation n. 管理

【经典搭配】proper supervision and guidance 恰当的监管与引导

【即学即用】Proper supervision and guidance in the advertising is highly necessary. 广告业急需恰当的监管与引导。 思路拓展 为了将媒体的负面影响减到最小minimize the adverse effects of the media，应该加强严格的审查strict censorship should be implemented，如严格色情及暴力内容的传播access to violence and pornography should be controlled，禁止孩子们进入网吧children should be barred from the access to the Internet Café。学校应该在这方面加强引导和教育guidance and direction，教会孩子们辨别真实的生活与虚幻distinguish realities and fantasy。

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 1 TEST 3

News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. What factors do you think influence these decisions? Do we become used to bad news? Would it he better if

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more good news was reported?

It has often been said that “Good news is bad news” because it does not sell newspapers. A radio station that once decided to present only good news soon found that it had gone out of business for lack of listeners. Bad news on the other hand is so common that in order to cope with it, we often simply ignore it. We have become immune to bad news and the newspapers and radio stations are aware of this.

While newspapers and TV stations may aim to report world events accurately, be they natural or human disasters, political events or the horrors of war, it is also true that their main objective is to sell newspapers and attract listeners and viewers to their stations. For this reason TV and radio stations attempt to reflect the flavour of their station by providing news broadcasts tailor-made to suit their listeners’ preferences. Programmes specialising in pop music or TV soap operas focus more on local news, home issues and up-to-date traffic reports. The more serious stations and newspapers like to provide “so called” objective news reports with editorial comment aimed at analysing the situation.

If it is true, then, that newspapers and TV stations are tailoring their news to their readers’ and viewers’ requirements, how can they possibly be reporting real world events in an honest and objective light? Many radio and TV stations do, in fact, report items of good news but they no longer call this news. They refer to these as human interest stories and package them in programmes specialising, for instance, in consumer affairs or local issues. Good news now comes to us in the form of documentaries the fight against children’s cancer or AIDS, or the latest developments in the fight to save the planet from environmental pollution.

考官用词分析

1 开篇 点题 ① 背景句：It has often been said that “Good news is bad news” because it does not sell newspapers. 句架提炼：It has often been said that… 常常听说„„ ② Bad news on the other hand is so common that in order to cope with it, we often simply ignore it. on the hand表示转折 so…that… 如此„„以至于„„ ③ We have become immune to bad news and the newspapers and radio stations are aware of this. 句架提炼：become immune to… 对„„麻木的 （to 为介词，后面加上名词） ① aim to report world events accurately ② be they natural or human disasters, political events or the horrors of war ③ it is also true that their main objective is to sell newspapers and attract listeners and viewers to their stations. 句架提炼：it is true that… （主语从句） main objective is to sell newspapers and attract listeners and viewers 句架提炼：main objective is to… 主要的目标是„„ 21 / 22

2 主体段论证 ④ attempt to reflect the flavour of their station ⑤ providing news broadcasts tailor-made to suit their listeners’ preferences. 句架提炼：suit…preferences 满足„„的喜好 ⑥ up-to-date traffic reports 最新的 ⑦ objective news reports 客观报道 3 结尾段 If it is true, then, that newspapers and TV stations are tailoring their news to their readers’ and viewers’ requirements, how can they possibly be reporting real world events in an honest and objective light? 句架提炼：If it is true, then… 如果„„ 那么„„ tailoring their news to their readers’ and viewers’ requirements 句架提炼：tailor…to sb’s needs 使„„符合某人的需求 reporting real world events in an honest and objective light 句架提炼：in…light 以„„角度

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