红 宝 书
考研英语词汇(必考词+基础词+超纲词)
练习题及答案详解
基 础 词
第四节
(Unit 22——Unit 30;第330页——394页)
练习一:词汇与搭配
1.He broke in _ the conversation without waiting for me to stop talking.
2.Difficulties and hardships have brought _ the best qualities of the young geologist.
3.The government decided to draw _its gold reserves to get over the
financial crisis.
1
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
4.Attendance at football matches have dropped since the coming of
television.
5.The long‐awaited Hubble Space Telescope, due orbit the Earth next
March, will observe some of the oldest stars in the sky.
6.She was so touched by his generosity that for a moment she was a loss
for words.
7.It wasn’t so much that I disliked her _that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business.
8.Mary is occupied _the translation of a French novel.
9.We discussed the matter _tea and cakes.
10.I came here for nothing else but to see you _purpose.
11.Steadily rising prices press most heavily the poor and the old people with fixed incomes.
12.The Russians sent up the first sputnik and caught the other nuclear powers
surprise.
13.His letter indicated that he loved his daughter and felt proud _her and her success.
14.Your improper words will give rise doubts concerning your true
intentions.
15.We’ve run _of sugar. Ask Mrs. Jones to lend us some.
16.He was ashamed _having asked such a silly question.
17.Women have significant advantages over men in space because they need less
food and less oxygen and they stand up _radiation better.
2
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
18.The future of this company is _ stake: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net‐based businesses.
19.He was determined to stick _ the job until the new cutter worked
properly.
20.We have lunch the stroke of twelve every day.
21.She had not once been away from the place for more than thirty hours _ a stretch.
22.They, the former opponents, were sitting talking side by side. I thought my
eyes were playing tricks me.
23.To finance the program they had to turn to the public the funds they
needed. 24.Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits,
which _ turn increase the risk of heart disease.
25.His behavior finally provoked her __ leaving him.
26.A really powerful speaker can work __ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement.
3
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
练习二:词汇辨析
1.Police units were __ with newly recruited men and women.
[A] extended [B] exaggerated [C] magnified [D] augmented
2.We shall probably never be able to __ the exact nature of these sub‐atomic particles.
[A] assert [B] impart [C] ascertain [D] notify
3.If I take this medicine twice a day, it should __ my cold. [A] recover [B] heal [C] restore [D] cure
4.She opened the packet and emptied its ___ into saucepan. [A] contents [B] content [C] consent [D] contend
5.The security guard _ two men who were yelling in the courtroom. [A] expelled [B] propelled [C] repelled [D] dispelled
4
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
6.Growing bodies need movement and _ , but not just in ways that
emphasize competition. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure
7.If most bread winners a day’s pay to the Hope Project, then it will be hopeful.
[A] gift [B] present [C] donate [D] give
8.Giving a gift can convey a wealth of meaning about your appreciation of their and the importance you place upon the relationship.
[A] solidarity [B] priority
[C] superiority [D] hospitality
9.He glances humorously at her from above the of his spectacles. [A] rim [B] edge [C] brim [D] border
10.In the United States it is not to look at someone who is talking to you.
[A] rough [B] coarse [C] rude [D] crude
5
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
11.The moon __around the earth. [A] resolves [B] revolves [C] involves [D] rotates
12.A police officer was sent to __the crime. [A] search [B] explore [C] survey [D] investigate
练习三:英语知识运用
1.Families have also changes these years. More families consist of one‐parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. [A] survived [B] noticed
[C] undertaken [D] experienced
2.The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational
3.Antarctic differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean,_______with drifting packed ice and surrounded by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent nearly as large as Europe and Australia combined, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. [A] covered [B] filled
[C] connected [D] lined
6
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
4.But if we are going to allow fast motor‐cycles and heavy diesel lorries to pass continuously through residential and business districts, the community must decide on the control it needs to , for in the long run it has got to pay for it. [A] practice [B] exercise
[C] obtain [D] acquire
5.Growing bodies need movement and , but not just in ways that emphasize co[A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure
6.Americans today have different eating habits than in the past. They have a broader knowledge of , so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. Statistics show the way people live determines the way they eat. [A] food [B] diet
[C] nutrition [D] hygiene
7.By the most conclusive and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to unlock the sound‐symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do so widely and enthusiastically. [A] purposes [B] degrees [C] stages [D] steps
8.Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. Nowadays fibre is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fibre has been removed. But it is in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. [A] current [B] substantial [C] present [D] essential
9.In the 1920’s, but in the Depression conditions of the 1930’s, the United States experienced a declining birth rate—every thousand women aged fifteen to forty‐four gave birth to about 118 live children in1920,89.2 in 1930,75.8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940.
7
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
[A] extraordinary [B] specially [C] especially [D] specifically
10.The goals of revolutionaries are commonly the overthrow of a government, basic change in the political and economic system, and more generally a basic change in the stratification system in the country. Because of the extent of change sought, revolutions are always accompanied by extensive violence. The are so high that opponents will kill to prevent the revolution, and revolutionaries must be ready to kill to achieve their goals. [A] stakes [B] dangers [C] odds [D] risks
11. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, while not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday life skills need to turn their lives .
[A] around [B] over
[C] on [D] up
12.Though young people feel free to choose their friends from groups, most choose a mate of similar background. This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually influence choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable. [A] similar [B] identical
[C] differential [D] diverse
13.They claim that our highly evolved brain provides us an innate(天生的) language ability not found in lower organisms. Proponents of this innateness theory say that our potential for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. [A] for [B] against
[C] with [D] of
8
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
14.Men seem to have always taken an interest in meteorites, but not until the early nineteenth century since then these objects considered worth for scientific study. In the beginning, people believed that because meteorites fell from the heavens, they were either gods themselves or messengers from the gods. [A] to be preserved [B] preserving [C] to preserve [D] being preserved
练习四:语法与词汇
1.If you refuse to do it, you must be ready to take the_______.
A. consequence B. effect C. outcome D. result
2.We cannot hope to solve the problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, _______we tackle it head‐on.
A. provided B. as C. unless D. when
3.They had a fierce _______as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago. A. debate B. clash C. disagreement D. contest
9
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
4.The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons
_______slowly into the sky. A. floating B. raising C. heaving D. ascending
5.With a teacher like Mr. Brown, the _______method used in the classroom was by no means standardized. A. traditional B. learning C. pedagogical D. pococurante
6.One cause of the Civil War was economic and political rivalry between the
________South and the industrial North. A. agrarian B. prosperous C. old‐fashioned D. poorly organized
7.Photojournalist Margaret became famous for her ________of significant events during the Second World War. A. collage B. usage C. camouflage D. coverage
8.When the glaciers ________after the last ice age, the five Great Lakes of North America were formed. A. advanced B. evaporated C. thawed D. exploded
10
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
9.Teachers of young children should ________avoid ridicule and sarcasm. A. theoretically B. naively C. scrupulously B. confidently
10.Major earthquakes are among nature’s most decaying events, causing an
________loss of life and property. A. unmentionable B. unprofitable C. insurmountable D. incalculable
11.Mercury’s ________is so much greater than the Earth’s that it completes more
than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one. A. velocity B. orbit C. weight D. diameter
答案及详解
练习一
1.break in 接on (upon) someone 或someone’s conversation 或activity “打断”。 in 表示“进入”,on表示抽象的接触。又如:The loud bell on the clock broke in upon his dreams. 洪亮的钟声打断了他的美梦。
11
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
2.bring out “使出现,使显明”,常用来指才华、个性等。句意:艰难困苦造就 了这位年轻地质学家最好的品质。
3.draw on“利用,动用”(use… as a source)。句意:政府决定动用其黄金储备以 摆脱金融危机。draw的其他搭配:draw up“使……停住;草拟”;draw off“脱 去(手套等),放掉(多余的水等)”;draw in ( = pull in )“到达,到站”。
4.drop off“逐渐减少(小)”。句意:自从电视出现以后,到现场看足球比赛的 人数逐渐减少。drop的其他搭配:drop in“顺便访问”;drop out“退出,脱离 (比赛等)”;drop down“卧倒;顺着(河流、山坡等)向下移动。”
5.due to“定于,预计”。句意:人们期待已久的哈勃望远镜将在三月进入地球轨 道,观测天空中最古老的星球。 6.at a loss“困惑,不知所措”,常与for words/what to say /what to do搭配,表示“不 知说什么或做什么才好”。
7.not so much… as …的意思为“与其说……不如说……”。句意:与其说我不喜 欢她,不如说我对这整件事没有兴趣。 8.be occupied with和be engaged in, be busy with sth./in doing sth. 都指忙于某事。 句意:玛丽正忙于翻译一本法语小说。
9.over“在……时,在……期间”,discuss the matter over tea and cakes一边喝茶 吃点心,一边讨论这个问题。又如:fall asleep over one’s look看着看着睡了。
10.on purpose“特意地,故意地”。句意:我来不为别的而是专程来看你的。
11.press on ( upon ) “使负重担,压迫”。句意:不断上涨的价格使穷人和收入固
定的老人不胜负荷。press 的其他搭配:press up 用力使升高;press for 迫 切要求,催促;press down 压(揿上)。
12.catch / take sb. by surprise“使吃惊,冷不防地捉住”。
13.take a pride in = pride oneself on = feel / be proud of “对……自豪”。
14.give rise to是固定词组,意为“引起,造成”。句意:用词不当会使你的真实
意图让人产生怀疑。
12
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
15.run out of(以人做主语)“没有了,把……用光了,耗尽了”。注意区别run out (以物做主语)“没有了,用完了”。 16.ashamed “惭愧的,害臊的”,后面可用of短语或that从句,表示惭愧的原因。
句意:他因问了一个这么傻的问题而感到羞愧。
17.stand up to 表示“(人)经得起折磨;(物)磨损”。句意:在太空,女人比
男人有明显的优势,因为她们需要的食物、氧气较少,承受辐射的能力较强。
18.at stake “在危机关头,在危险中”。
19.stick at (=continue to work hard at ) “继续勤奋地致力于……”
20.stroke 指“报时的钟声”,on the stroke = punctually 准时,为固定搭配,句意:
我们每天12点准时吃午饭。
21.at a stretch “一连(多少时间)”。
22.play tricks on sb. 欺骗某人。句意:他们以前是对手,现在并肩坐在一起交
谈,我都不敢相信自己的眼睛。
23.turn to sb. for sth. 为某事而求助于某人。句意:为了给这个项目提供资金,
他们不得不求助于公众以获得他们所需的基金。
24.in turn的意思是“反过来”,表示相互影响的关系。句意:紧张的环境会导致
诸如不良进食习惯等不健 康行为,而这些不良行为反过来会增加心脏病的发病率。
25.provoke sb. into doing sth. 是固定结构,也可以说provoke sb. to do sth.。
26.work up “激起”。句意:一个真正有感染力的演说家能激起听众高昂的情绪。
work的其他搭配:work out“算出”;work over“彻底检查”;work at“从事”。
13
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
练习二
1.augment“扩大,增长,加强” ,用于表明某一东西已有一定基础,而在此基础上得到进一步发展,变得更大、更好、更有价值等。句意:警察部队新招了些男女警察, 扩大了队伍。 [A] extend“延长”, 如:extend a railway; [B] exaggerate“夸大,夸张”,如:exaggerate the difficulties of the situation 把困难情况讲得过分;[C] magnify 特指放大之意,如:I want to magnify the picture. 我要放大这张照片。
2.句意:也许我们将永远无法查明这些亚原子粒子的确切性质了。ascertain意为“确实(事实),探知,查明”,符合题意。[A] assert指“断言;坚持”,[B] impart意为“传播(知识等),告知(情报)”,[D]notify指“通知,报告”。
3.cure“治疗”,尤指用药物治愈疾病。句意:假如这种药我一天吃两次;它就可以治愈我的感冒。[B] heal着重指治好外伤或烧伤后的患部,使伤口愈合,不用于治感冒等疾病;[C] restore指(使)恢复硬朗或使正常;[A] recover“恢复”,不合句意。
4.contents(用复数形式)表示“容器所盛(装)的东西”。[B] content(不可数)表示“(作品等的)内容”;[C] consent“同意”和[D] contend“斗争,竞争”是content的形近易混词。
5.expel“赶走”。句意:警卫人员把在法庭上大声喊叫的两个男人赶了出去。四词皆含pel,该词根意为“推动,催逼”。[B] propel“推进,推动”(=push forward),如:The ship is propelled by steam.。[C] repel“击退,排斥,拒绝”,如:repel the enemy 击退敌人。[D]dispel “驱散(云、雾等)”。
6.空格前and告诉我们,空格处填入的词应该与movement相似或属于同一类,同时,本句后半部分出现的一个词competition也暗示了这个选项只能是exercise。
7.句意:如果大多数养家的人都为希望工程捐赠他的一天所得,则希望工程大有希望。[A] gift指赋予某人什么才能,通常用被动语态;[B] present,[ C] donate和[D] give都有“给”和“赠予”之意。give为一般用语;present是正式地颁给某人,通常附有仪式,着重强调赠者和接受方的关系。donate所赠的对象一般是慈善事业或者机构。
14
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
8.句意:送一件礼物可以传达非常丰富的意思——你感激他们的热情款待并重视你们之间的关系。hospitality指“热情款待,好客,殷勤”,符合题意。[A] solidarity指“团结一致,休戚相关”,[B] priority指“优先(权)”,[C] superiority指“优越(性),优等,上级”。
9.rim“边缘”,指某一容器如杯子等的周边。句意:他从眼镜边缘上方幽默地扫了她一眼。[B] edge“边缘”,指某一物体和地方的极限;[C] brim“边缘”,指某一容器里的液体达到溢出状态;[D] border“边沿,国界”,指两国之间的界限及边界周围地区。 10.句意:在美国,别人对你讲话时,你不看着他是不礼貌的。[A] rough, [B] coarse和[C] rude都有“粗糙的;粗野的”的意思。[A] rough指物时多指表面不平坦、不光滑,指人则指其举止不文雅,不体谅他人。[B] coarse指物时指加工不精细,表面凹凸不平;指人时则指不秀气。[C] rude指物时指非常简易,精糙,此用法多用于文学作品中;指人或其行为一点礼貌也没有,毫无教养。 11.revolve和[D] rotate均表示“旋转”,revolve表示以他物为轴或点作为中心的“旋转”(Revolve may suggest regular circular motion on an orbit around sth.,exterior to the item in question);rotate表示像车轮、陀螺、地球等以自身内部的轴为中心的旋转(Rotate is likely to suggest a circular motion on an interior axis within the thing under consideration which may be not moving otherwise)。[A] resolve“溶解,解决”;[C] involve “卷入,包括”。 12.investigate“(具体地)调查,研究某事”。[B] explore“考察,勘察”;[C] survey“审视”,指全局性的检查或全面检查,如:make a survey of the economic system对经济制度进行全面的调查。
练习三
1.上下文意为families自身也变化了。[A] survived changes“经历了变化后生存 了下来”。[B] noticed changes“注意到了变化”。[C] undertaken“保证;着手; 进行”,是理性地决策后做事的意思,而change往往是自身动作,因此 undertaken就不太好与change连用了。利用排除法可选[D]。
2.前半句说道“通信革命不仅影响了我们的工作和休闲,还影响了我们的时空观 念”,下半句又说,“但是,人们对其在经济、政治、社会和文化上的影响依 然持……观点”。联系上下文,可以清楚知道人们在此问题上仁者见仁,智者
15
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
见智,意见不一。因此,只有controversial符合题意要求。
3.中间一句说“北极是海洋”,后面又提到“浮水”一词,根据常识,我们知道浮 冰是覆盖在水面上的,故正确答案应当是covered。
4.exercise做动词,意思是“利用,动用,行使”,这里的exercise与定语从句中 的先行词control在逻辑上是动宾关系。to exercise control即实施控制,符合 文意。[A] practice“练习,实践”;[C] obtain“获得”和[D] acquire“得到,取得” 都不能与control搭配。
5.空格前and告诉我们,空格处填入的词应该与movement相似或属于同一类, 同时,本句后半部分出现的一个词competition也暗示了这个选项只能是 exercise。答对本题的关键在于注意空格前的movement和and两个词。
6.nutrition“营养”。其他词与句意不符。[D] hygiene卫生(学)。
7.for various purposes“因为各种各样的原因”。
8.present“存在的,含有的”,如:Analysis showed that cocaine was present in the mixture。分析的结果表明混合物中含有可卡因。后两句意为“白面包中的纤维 已经被去掉,但是纤维存在于未被精加工的面粉和蔬菜中”。[A] current“现在 的,当前的”;[B] substantial“实质的,结实的”;[D] essential“必要的”。 9.在这里我们先弄清四个备选项的含义:[A] extraordinary “非凡地”;[B] specially “专门地”;[C] especially “尤其地”;[D] specifically “具体地”,从文中意义来 看,[C]最合适,因为本句句意为“尤其是在三十年代经济萧条的条件下”,故 选[C]。 10.stake “赌注,利害关系”,high stakes 即大赌注,符合本题要求。[B] danger “危
险”;[C] odds “差异,不平等”;[D] risk “危险,风险”。
11.turn over 表示“翻转,翻身”,根据常识可以判断出“那些不酗酒,不吸毒,
精神也没有问题的无家可归者四处流浪的原因是,他们缺乏日常生活能力来改变自己的生活”,缺乏生活能力也就是缺乏能力生活“翻转”,故选[B] over。
12.本题答案是与similar意思相反的词,即diverse,意思是“互异的,各式各样
的”。[B] identical“完全相同的”;[C] differential “有区别的,鉴别性的”。
16
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
13.to provide sb. with sth. 为一固定搭配,故选 [C]。 14.介词worth 后面跟动名词时,不用被动语态形式,所以只有选项[B] preserving
正确。
练习四
1.A选项意为“后果”,含有逻辑推理或发展之意;B选项意为“结果”,含有较强的因果感;C选项意为“最终结局之感”; D选项意为“结果,成果”,最常用。该句意为:如果你拒绝去做,你就得承担后果。句中take the consequence意为 “承担后果”。故答案为A。
2.四项选项均为连词,根据题意,答案为C。该句意思是:除非我们正视工作
中的不平等,否则我们就无法希望解决工业社会生活中的种种问题,其中许多问题直接产生于工作中的不平等所造成的思想挫折。
3.A选项意为“辩论,讨论,讨论会”;B选项意为“碰撞,冲突,抵触”;C选项
意为“意见不同,不调和,争执,争论”;D选项意为“比赛,争论”等。该句意为:关于公司是否应该恢复多年前中断了的贸易关系,他们展开了一场激烈的辩论。故答案为A。
4.A选项意为“漂浮,漂动”,本题是要描述气球向上飞的景象,float是指水平方向的漂动;B选项意为“举起,抬起”;C选项意为“很费劲地举起,抬起,拽起”;D选项意为“上升,登高”。该句意为:当孩子们看到成百上千只气球缓缓地飞向空中时,他们高兴地欢呼雀跃起来。故答案为D。
5.A选项意为“传统的,惯例的”;B选项意为“学问,学识”;C选项意为“教育学的,教学的,教师法的”;D选项意为\"冷淡的,不热心的\".根据题意,答案为C。
6.A选项意为“农业的,土地的”;B选项为“繁荣的,顺利的”;C选项为“不流行的,保守的”;D选项意为“组织力差的”。根据题意答案为A。
7.A选项意为“拼贴艺术”;B选项意为“用法,惯例”;C选项意为“(军)伪装,
迷彩”;D选项意为“适用范围(量),(报纸等的)报道,(保险)承担(范围)”。根据题意答案为D。
8.A选项意为“前进,提出(计划,提案等),推行”;B选项意为“蒸发,(如蒸
17
红宝书 网址:www.hongbaoshu.com 通用网址:红宝书
汽般地)消失”;C选项意为“(冰,雪等)融化,溶解,(态度)变温和”;D选项意为“破裂,(感情)激发,爆炸”。根据题意答案为C。
9.A选项意为“就理论上,理论上地”;B选项意为“天真烂漫地,无邪地”;C选项意为“谨慎地,细心地,过于拘泥细节地”;D选项意为“信赖地,大胆地”。根据题意答案为C。
10.A选项意为“不可提及的,说不出口的”;B选项意为“无利益的,无效的”;C
选项意为“难越过的,不能克服的”;D选项意为“无法计数的,不能预料的,不可靠的”。根据题意答案为D。
11.A选项意为“速度,速率”;B选项意为“轨道,活动范围”;C选项意为“重量,
重要性,影响力”;D选项意为“直径,(透镜等的)倍率”。根据题意答案为A。
欢迎使用【红宝书】考研英语精品系列:
1.【红宝书】考研英语词汇(必考词+基础词+超纲词)
—— 附MP3光盘
2.【红宝书】考研英语10年真题(系统精析)
—— MP3+其它5年真题及解析
3.【红宝书】考研英语写作180篇 ——(三段式+精解+考点)
4.【红宝书】考研英语考前预测 —— 最后冲刺3套题 (网上另外再附赠3套题)
18
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容
Copyright © 2019- sceh.cn 版权所有 湘ICP备2023017654号-4
违法及侵权请联系:TEL:199 1889 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com
本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务