自考英语(二)模拟试卷41(题后含答案及解析)

自考英语（二）模拟试卷41 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. 阅读判断 2. 阅读选择 3. 概括段落大意和补全句子 4. 填句补文 5. 填词补文 6. 完形补文 7. 短文写作

阅读判断

The Inventor of LED When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor (半导体) alloys(合金) ,his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, is used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23,2004, Holonyak received the $ 500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. “Anytime you get an award, big or little, it’s always a surprise,” Holonyak said. Holonyak,75 ,was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor(晶体管) ,in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking into how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace(平凡的) as they are today, but didn’t realize how many uses they would have. “You don’t know in the beginning. You think you’re doing something important, you think it’ s worth doing, but you really can’t tell what the big payoff(成果) is going to be, and when, and how. You just don’t know,” he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen,75,with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for the work on a new generation of “ molecular (分子) sieves

(滤网) “ that can separate molecules by size.

1． Holonyak’s colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it.

A．True B．False

C．Not Given

正确答案：A 解析：根据是原文第一段第二行“…his colleagues thought he was unrealistic”，

其中unrealistic的意思是“不现实的”。

2． Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the

project would get the Lemelson MIT Prize sooner or later.

A．True B．False

C．Not Given

正确答案：C

解析：原文无此信息。 3． Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s. A．True B．False

C．Not Given

正确答案：B

解析：根据原文第四段第一句话可看出晶体管的发明人(inventor of the transistor)是John Bardeen，不是Holonyak。Holonyak是John Bardeen的一个学

生。因此该句说法不正确。

4． LEDs used in traffic lights are developed by Holonyak’s students. A．True B．False

C．Not Given

正确答案：A

解析：根据原文第一段最后一句话可以看出，他的学生继续他的工作，开发了该技术在交通信号灯上的应用(developing lighting used in traffic lights)，因此该

句说法正确。

5． When Holonyak invented LEDs, he believed that they would have a wide range of uses.

A．True B．False

C．Not Given

正确答案：B

解析：根据原文第五段和第六段的内容可以看出，Holonyak当时猜测到他所发明的LED会变得像如今这样普及(commonplace)，但没想到会有现在这么多的用途(but didn’t realize how many uses they would have) 而题干认为他当时相信

会有广泛用途(a wide range of uses)，与原文不符。

6． Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.

A．True B．False

C．Not Given

正确答案：C

解析：原文无此信息。 7． LEDs are more environmentally friendly than incandescent bulbs. A．True B．False

C．Not Given

正确答案：A

解析：根据第四段最后一句话可知，LED灯比白炽灯泡更环保，因此该句

的说法正确。

8． Holonyak was surprised to receive the Lemelson-MIT Prize. A．True B．False

C．Not Given

正确答案：A

解析：根据第三段Holonyak说的话，判断该句的说法正确。 9． Edith Flanigen was also awarded Lemelson-MIT Prize for his work on LEDs. A．True B．False

C．Not Given

正确答案：B

解析：根据原文最后一段，Edith Flanigen获奖是因为对新一代分子滤网

(“molecular sieves”)的研究，因此该句说法不正确。

10． The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years. A．True B．False

C．Not Given

正确答案：C

解析：原文无此信息。

阅读选择

The Beginning of Drama There are many theories about the beginning

of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world—even the seasonal changes—as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama. Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “auditorium”. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect—success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the sun—as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic, representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are

imitations of animal movements and sounds.

11． What does the passage mainly discuss? A．The origins of theater.

B．The role of ritual in modern dance. C．The importance of storytelling.

D．The variety of early religious activities.

正确答案：A 解析：根据文章第一句“There are many theories about the beginning of drama，in ancient Greece．”及第三段第一句“Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling．”可知本文是讨论戏剧的起源。故选项A为正确

答案。

12． What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph? A．The reason drama is often unpredictable.

B．The seasons in which dramas were performed. C．The connection between myths and dramatic plots. D．The importance of costumes in early drama.

正确答案：C

解析：通过阅读第一段，首先很明显可将选项B和D排除；选项A(戏剧无

法预测的原因)也不正确，故只有选项C(神话与戏剧情节的联系)为正确答案。

13． Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?

A．Dance. B．Costumes. C．Music. D．Magic.

正确答案：D

解析：在做本题时要注意题干中的NOT。通过阅读文章第二段开头判断，

选项D为正确答案。

14． According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?

A．Ritual uses music whereas drama does not. B．Ritual is shorter than drama.

C．Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.

D．Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not. 正确答案：D

解析：根据文章第二段可知宗教仪式都有一定的宗教目的，而戏剧却没有，

因此选D。

15． The passage supports which of the following statements? A．No one really knows how the theater began. B．Myths are no longer represented dramatically. C．Storytelling is an important part of dance.

D．Dramatic activities require the use of costumes. 正确答案：A 解析：文章最后一段中又列举了两个关于戏剧起源的理论：人们对讲故事的

兴趣和舞蹈。由此可知，选项A为正确答案。

概括段落大意和补全句子

Local Newspapers in Britain ①Britain has a large circulation (发行量) of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day. On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays. ②Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13

million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits. ③Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local events—births, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports. Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this week’ s edition, a news item can be held over until the following week. ④The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye. ⑤Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest.A. Keeping Good Relations with Local BusinessmenB. Service Provided by Local NewspapersC. Large Circulation of the National NewspapersD. Special Features of Local NewspapersE. Power of Local NewspapersF. Popularity of Local Newspapers

16． Paragraph ①

正确答案：C 解析：段落大意概括类的题，一般需要寻找段落的关键句子或中心句以及关键词。以下同此。本段首先提到了英国著名的报纸，然后通过一些数字来说明英

国报纸的发行量之大。

17． Paragraph ②

正确答案：F 解析：本段的首句就表明了地方报纸与国家报纸一样受到欢迎，随后又分述

地方报纸的情况。

18． Paragraph ③

正确答案：D

解析：本段介绍了地方报纸的特征。 19． Paragraph ④

正确答案：A

解析：本段介绍了地方报纸与当地商人的业务往来，主要是商人借助报纸来

进行广告宣传，而报纸又可以从中获得经济利益。

20． Paragraph ⑤

正确答案：B

解析：本段主要介绍了当地报纸所提供的服务。 A. a lot of moneyB. express public feeling on local issuesC. morningD. local

peopleE. national issuesF. local issues

21． British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the______.

正确答案：C 解析：段落句子补充信息类的题目需要回归到该问题所出现的位置．根据上下文进行寻找、进行提炼或转换近义的词句。以下同此。根据第一段的最后一句

可以看出，每天早晨，英国人都会买报纸来阅读。

22． Many local newspapers in Britain are making______.

正确答案：A

解析：第二段的最后一句说，地方报纸获得了很好的经济收益，换句话说，

它们赚到了许多钱。

23． Local newspapers are well received because they carry articles that please______.

正确答案：D

解析：从第三段的前两句话可以看出，地方报纸之所以有市场，是因为他们

报道的是当地人们感兴趣的内容。

24． Local newspapers rarely give opinions on______.

正确答案：E

解析：从第五段可以看出，地方报纸很少评论事关国家要务的问题，而且编

辑也很少就政治问题表明立场。

25． Local newspapers can ______for the community.

正确答案：B 解析：从第五段可以找到信息：地方报纸可以通过发表公众对当地事件的感

受来为公众提供服务。

填句补文

How do Movies or Television Influences People’s Behavior? The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape.【T1】______ They grow long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages. The major means that mass media influences the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society.【T2】______ Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling, fascinating and immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the Dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quite On the Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to this country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values? 【T3】______ The “important” issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper or in the beginning of a television program. The “not important” stories are the ones that are not being told at all.【T4】______ In fact censorships present all mass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority; the public in whole indeed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the media. In brief, mass media, by offering topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss “the important issues”, has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society.【T5】______A. We have to admit that it has a role in our lives as a source.B. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about.C. Not long ago mass media was about the only kind of culture there was.D. The “not very important” stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages.E. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation.F. Mass media also shapes our

understanding of what is important and what is not important to know.

26． 【T1】

正确答案：E

解析：根据空格后关于影响的各种举例，可知选项E最符合逻辑。 27． 【T2】

正确答案：B 解析：根据空格前“The major means that mass media influences the public is by

creating topics of discussions in the society．(大众媒体影响公众的重要手段是建立社会讨论的议题)”，可知选项B最符合逻辑。

28． 【T3】

正确答案：F

解析：根据空格后有关重要与不重要议题的表述，得知选项F最符合逻辑。 29． 【T4】

正确答案：D

解析：根据空格前“The‘not important’stories are the ones that are not being told at all．(那些‘并不重要’的故事根本就没有被告知)”，得知选项D最符合

逻辑。

30． 【T5】

正确答案：A

解析：根据空格前“In brief，mass media，by offering topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss ‘ the important issues’, has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society. (总之，大众媒体通过提主题和影响我们讨论‘重要问题’的方式，强烈地影响着我们对、世界、社会结构等的认识)”，可知选项A最符合逻辑。

填词补文

A Thirsty World The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you since nearly 75% of the earth’s surface is【B1】______ with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salty water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% —the【B2】______ water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even【B3】______ , some of it has been polluted. At the moment, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. However, our demand for water is increasing【B4】______ Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water【B5】______ later on. In addition to stopping wasting our precious water, one useful step we should take is to【B6】______ ways of reusing it. Today, in most large cities, water is used only【B7】______ and it eventually returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks, But it is【B8】______ to pipe water that has been used to a purifying (净化) plant, There it can be filtered and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring. But even if every large city purified and【B9】______ its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! We can make use of the vast amount of sea-water by removing the salt. This salt-removing【B10】______ is already in use in many parts of

the world.A. usedB. freshC. developD. processE. possibleF. shortageG. worseH.

reusedI. rapidlyJ. coveredK. newL. once

31． 【B1】

正确答案：J 解析：此题旨在考查固定词组be covered with。be covered with意思是“被……覆盖”，此句意思是：“你可能会觉得奇怪，因为近75％的地球表面被水覆盖”。

因此此题应选J。

32． 【B2】

正确答案：B

解析：此处需要填形容词作定语修饰后面的名词water。fresh water属于固定搭配，意思试“淡水”。上句说地球上的大部分水都是海水或咸水，那么仅剩

的3%的水是淡水，因此此题应选B。

33． 【B3】

正确答案：G

解析：even后接形容词比较级，备选单词中只有worse为形容词比较级。此外，even worse也属于常见用法，意思是“更糟糕的是”，顺承上文意思，此句意思是：“更糟糕的是，仅有的这些淡水有些还被污染了”。因此此题应选G。

34． 【B4】

正确答案：I

解析：此句不缺少主要成分，此处需要填副词来修饰谓语动词。rapidly意思是“迅速地”，非常适合此处语境：人类对水的需求在迅速地增加。因此此题应

选I。

35． 【B5】

正确答案：F

解析：此处需要填名词作中心语，shortage意思是“短缺，不足”，非常适合此句语境：只有现在采取措施解决这个问题我们才能避免以后严重的全球水资

源短缺问题。因此此题应选F。

36． 【B6】

正确答案：C

解析：此题旨在考查动词不定式的用法。此处to后面需要填动词原形，develop(发展，开发)非常适合此句语境：除了停止浪费宝贵的水资源外，我们应

该采取的另外一种有效措施是研发水资源的再利用。因此此题应选C。

37． 【B7】

正确答案：L

解析：此处需要填一个副词，备选单词中有两个副词，其中rapidly前面已选用过，现只剩下once。once意思是“一次”，once非常适合此处语境：在很多

大城市，水只使用一次。然后就流入大海或地下水库。因此此题应选L。

38． 【B8】

正确答案：E

解析：此处需要填形容词作表语。it is possible to do sth．属于常见句型，意思是“做某事有可能”，符合语境，因此此题应选E。

39． 【B9】

正确答案：H

解析：and连接的前后两部分属于并列成分，由于and前面是动词过去式purified。因此，此空(and后面)也应填动词的过去式。reused(再利用)适合此处语

境：但即使一些大城市净化并再利用水资源……因此此题应选H。

40． 【B10】

正确答案：D 解析：此处缺少名词作主语。备选单词中只有两个名词：shortage和process，shortage前面已选用过，process又非常适合此处语境：这种去盐工序已在世界很

多地方投入使用。因此此题选D。

完形补文

What do Shoes Can Do? Researchers say people can【C1】______ (accurate) judge 90 percent of a stranger’s personality by looking at the person’ s shoes. “Shoes convey useful information about people,” the authors wrote in the study【C2】______ (publish) in a journal. “Shoes serve as【C3】______ (verbal) cues with symbolic messages.” Medical Daily notes that the number of【C4】______ (detail) personality traits include someone’ s emotional【C5】______ (stable) . Gillath said the【C6】______ (judge) were based on the style, cost, color and condition of shoes. In the study, volunteers were【C7】______ (photograph) in their most commonly worn shoes, and then filled out a questionnaire. Some of the results were expected: People with higher incomes commonly wore expensive shoes, and flashier footwear was【C8】______ (typical) worn by extroverts. However, some of the results are intriguing. For example, practical shoes were generally worn by more “【C9】______ (agree) “ people, while ankle boots were more closely aligned with “aggressive”

personalities. The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personality traits, but researchers noted that volunteers were likely to be【C10】______ (aware) that their footwear choices were revealing deep insights into their personalities.

41． 【C1】

正确答案：accurately

解析：本句句法完整，成分不缺失，因此，将提示词形容词accurate加上后

缀一ly改成副词accurately修饰动词judge即可。

42． 【C2】

正确答案：published

解析：本句主谓结构完整，提示词publish不再适合作谓语。分析本句可得知，空白处连同之后的部分作后置定语来修饰名词study。由于名词study和动词publish属被动关系，因此，将提示词动词publish加上一ed改成过去分词published

填入即可。

43． 【C3】

正确答案：nonverbal

解析：本句空白处放在名词cues前面提示需填入形容词来修饰，根据本句句意，应将提示词形容词verbal加上前缀non-改成nonverbal(非言语交际的)填入

空白处。

44． 【C4】

正确答案：detailed

解析：本句空白处放在名词词组personality traits(性格特征)前提示需要填入形容词来修饰该名词词组。因此，将提示词动词detail改成形容词detailed(详细

的)符合句意。

45． 【C5】

正确答案：stability

解析：本句空白处放在形容词emotional后面，表明应填名词。因此，将提

示词形容词stable改成名词stability填入空白处即可。

46． 【C6】

正确答案：judgements 解析：本句空白处放在宾语从句中的主语位置上提示需填入名词作主语，另

外观察该从句中的be动词were可得知该主语应使用名词的复数形式。因此，将提示词动词judge加上后缀-ment改成名词judgement再改成复数形式judgements

即可。

47． 【C7】

正确答案：photographed

解析：结合本句句意可知本句是被动语态，空白处放在be动词were之后，根据被动语态be动词加上过去分词的结构，将提示词动词photograph加上-ed

改成过去分词photographed填入空白处即可。

48． 【C8】

正确答案：typically

解析：本句句法结构完整，成分不缺失。因此，将提示词形容词typical加

上-ly改成副词typically用来修饰worn即可。

49． 【C9】

正确答案：agreeable

解析：本句空白处放在名词people前面以及比较级标志词more后面提示需填入形容词来修饰该名词，另根据由while引导的比较状语从句中用于形容穿短靴的人(ankle boots)的性格特征的形容词aggressive(有进取心的，好斗的)，可以合理推断出穿实用鞋子(practical and functional)的人的性格特征应该是相反的，因此，将提示词动词agree加上后缀-able改成agreeable(随和的，友好的)符合文章

语境。

50． 【C10】

正确答案：unaware

解析：本句空白处放在be动词之后提示需填入形容词，另外根据该段上句“The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personality traits，”(有些人会刻意选择某种鞋的款式去掩盖他们真实的性格特征)，由but引导的转折从句则表达和前一句相反的句意，因此根据句意，将提示词aware加上否定前缀un-改成unaware符合语境。这两句话的意思为：研究人员指出，有些人会通过选择鞋子的样式来掩饰他们真实的性格特征，不过研究人员也指出，志愿者们一般都不会意识到自己对鞋的选择会让人窥见其性格深处。

短文写作

51． 自信的价值不言而喻，在我们面临一个个挑战时，正是因为拥有了自信，我们才拥有了最终的成功。请以The Value of Self-confidence为题写一篇能

够体现自信价值的，150词左右的英语短文。

正确答案： The Value of Self-confidence My friends often ask me, “Joe, why are you so carefree all the time?” The answer is quite simple. I owe my light-hearted attitude to self-confidence. I remember the first time I participated in an English competition. Three years ago, my classmates chose me to speak in an English competition at our school. When I went onstage, I had butterflies in my stomach. Suddenly, my mother’s words came back to me: “If you want to do something, it costs nothing but self-confidence. “ Since I was chosen to be there, it meant I must have the ability to succeed. ‘‘Take it easy” , I said silently. “You have prepared for this competition for three months. You are the best”. Strangely, my nervousness vanished after I spoke to myself with such confidence. I began to speak onstage fluently—the feeling was wonderful. The whole audience applauded

afterwards. I was successful! So, my friends, be confident!