编者:张素恒 日期:2015/1/5
一、Words and expressions
1.diary / / __._____;_______
近:journal 同根:diarist__.______
keep a diary习惯地记日记
personal diary个人日记;私人日记 keep one's diary记日记
2.space/ /___.______;______ vt.________ vi._______ space_____ n.宇宙飞船 space____ n.宇航服;航天服 3._________ / /adj.紧张的
同根:________adv.紧张地 _______n.神经;勇气;叶脉
________n.神经质;[心理] 神经过敏;紧张不安
4._______/ / vt. 离开;留下;遗忘;委托
vi. 离开,出发;留下 n. 许可,同意;休假
翻译:___________________________.我把包留在车里。 5.gravity/ /__.______
6.______/ / adj. 能;[经管] 有能力的;能干的
be able to do
同根词:unable enable vt.使能够 enable sb to do 7.________/ /v.漂浮,浮动 ~ed ~ing 8._____/ /v.系;捆;绑 ____ up 绑牢 9.________/ /pron.我们自己
________pron.你自己,你们自己 ________pron.他们自己 ________pron.他自己 _________pron.她自己 10.________prep.没有;缺乏
______prep.用;随着;支持;和„在一起 11.______/ /adj.虚弱的;无力的
反义词:________ ________n.虚弱 be______in 在某方面弱
12._______/ /v.呼吸 _________n.呼吸 _________adj.无法呼吸的 _______ in吸入 ________ out呼出 ________freely透气;安心 13.___conj.如果 Even if 即使 ; 尽管 ; 纵然 ; 虽然 14.________n.照相机
15._______v.工作,运转 n.工作,作品,工厂,著作 work in/work at 在…工作
work as work with
at work在工作,在从事某种活动 hard work努力工作;繁重的工作
work on影响,对„起作用;继续工作;从事于„;设法说服 work for效劳;为„工作;为„效力
work hard努力学习;辛勤工作
work together合作;共事;共同工作
work out解决;算出;实现;制定出;消耗完;弄懂 in work adv. 有工作;在完成之中 work up 能运转
16._______/ /n.花园 gardener 园丁;花匠;园艺家 17._______/ /n.岩石
rocky adj.岩石的,多岩石的;坚如岩石的;摇晃的;头晕目眩的
rocklike adj.石头般的;坚硬如岩石的 18.________/ /n.明信片 19.________/ /n.机器 adj. machinelike 机器般的
n. machinery 机械;机器;机构;机械装置 machination 阴谋;诡计
machinist 机械工;机械师;机械安装修理工
20._______/ /v.返回 in return adv. 作为报答
in return for作为„的报答 return for作为对„的报答 return home回家;归乡
rate of return盈利率,收益率 return from从„„回来
return on investment投资报酬率;投资利润率 return rate回报率,回收率
by return立即回答,立即回复;由下一班邮递带回;由原班回程邮递带回 return to normal恢复正常 tax return纳税申报单
return value返回值;传回值 return to work重返工作岗位 expected return预期回报
many happy returns(敬祝)长命百岁;万寿无疆(纪念日、生日的贺辞)[亦作I wish you many happy returns of the day.]
return air回风,循环空气;回流空气 return ticket(英)往返票;回程票 return trip回程,返回行程
return water回廉;回归水;回注污水 二、Phrases in common use
1.______ ______多于 反义词组_______ ________ more than happy 非常高兴,很乐意 more than words 无需多言,尽在不言中 more than sufficient 绰绰有余 2._____ _____不得不 aux.______
3.___ ______以便
辨析:so… that… such…that…如此…以致于…
Eg. Mary is so cute that everyone love her.
Mary is such a cute girl that everyone love her. too… to…
eg. The work is too difficult for him to complete.
4.as… as 像…….一样;如同 = be the same as be similar to
5.such as 例如 for example for instance take…as an example举个…例子来说
6.plan for=schedule for
7.one of the first+n.(pl)+介词短语/不定式短语 Eg. I’m one of the first tallest students in our class. I’ll be one of the first students to travel into space. 8. leave for动身去
leave a message留言,留口信 leave behind留下;遗留;超过 leave home离开家
9.around=about=approximately
10.float around in the spaceship float away飘走 11.tie oneself to… 把自己绑在… 12.do exercises 做运动 三、Sentence patterns
1.I can’t wait. 我等不及了。
2.It take sb st to do sth=I spend st doing sth/on sth 3.There’s no…
4…so that… we have to tie ourselves to the beds so that we won’t float away. 5.Without… Without gravity,our bodies may get weak.
6.as…as I’m going to take as many photos as I can,that is, if my camera still works up there. 7.that is,… 四、Grammar
表示将来时的五种结构
(一) will/shall+不定式
“will/shall+不定式”通常用来表示将来时间。Will用于第一、二、三人称主语,shall用于第一人称主语,都可表示将来,但这种将来意义常常夹杂着情态意义即带有说话人的主观态度和看法,比如表示“预见”: If the crops fail,there will be a famine.
You will feel better after taking this medicine.
有时既表示将来,也含有“意愿”或“意图”: I will do it,if you like.
As the railway is not yet open to traffic,we shall go by boat. (二) be going to+不定式
这一结构的主要意义,一是表示“意图”,即打算在将来做某事。例如: Are you going to post that letter by air mail? How long is he going to stay here?
用be going to表示“意图”的用法,意图的体现着通常就是句子的主语,但也可能不是。例如:
The wall is going to be painted green(=We or somebody else intend to paint the wall green).
He’s not going to cheat me again(=I won’t let him cheat me again).
“be going to+不定式”的另一意义是表示“预见”,即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。例如: I feel dizzy.I think I’m going to faint.
Good heavens!I must hurry.I’m going to be late. 上述“be going to+不定式”表示“意图”的用法有时可与“will+不定式”互换使用。例如: I won’t tell him about it.
I am not going to tell him about it.
但是,用be going to表示的“意图”通常是事先经过考虑的,而“will+不定式”所表示的“意图”,则是说话时刻临时想到的,因此在某些语境中,这两种结构又不可以交替使用。 试比较:
A:Why are you taking down all the pictures?
B:I’m going to repaper the room.(在这里不用will repaper) A:What a terribly heavy box!
B:I’ll help you to carry it.(在这里不用am going to help) (三) be+-ing(现在进行体)
这一结构的主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常用于表示位置转移的动词,如go,come,leave,start,arrive等,也可用于其他动态动词。例如:
We’re leaving on Friday.
The President is coming to the UN this week.. (四) be to+不定式
这一结构的主要用法,一是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。例如: I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon. There’s to be an investigation.
常见用于报纸和广播,用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如: The Queen is to visit Japan next years.
二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如: You are to stand here. Do you understand ? Tell her she’s not to be back late. (五) 一般现在时
用一般现在时表示将来时间,常见于条件状语和时间状语分句。例如: If she comes, I’ll tell her all about it. I’ll give it to you after I return.
在主句中用一般现在时表示将来时间通常按照时间表或既定日程一定会发生的将来事态。例如:
He’s in all day Sunday. She retires next month. Tomorrow is Saturday.
五、Thinking and practicing
(一) 填空题
1、He____________a doctor when he grows up(will,be going to) 2、The plane_________(take off) at 5:20
3、_______(除非)the taxi _______(come)soon, we______(lose) the plane. 4、Do you think it__________(rain)tomorrow.
5、I ____________(go to see)Tom___________(一…就…) I get to Shanghai. 6、______________________(如果她来), I’ll tell her all about it. 7、I’ll give it to you ____________________(我走之后). 8、Next Christmas ______(fall) on a Thursday.
9、________________________________.(在这里等直到会议结束。)
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