The Tower of London, where so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. She is going to spend the summer holidays in Qingdao, where she has some relatives.
They will fly to Kunming, where they plan to stay for two or three days, and then go on to Guilin. She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well. They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us. She married Joe, which surprised everyone. Which表示this或that时，也可用于in which case, at which point, on which occasion等说法： I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone.
The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard. As was usual with her, she took a walk around here after supper. The output, as is reported, has been doubled in the past three years. I smiled broadly, as I always do in those situations. He opposed the idea, as could be expected.
She was not unconscious, as could be judged from her eyes. 限制性定语从句
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. This is the man to whom I referred.
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.
The agency from which we bought our tickets is bankrupt. 限制性和非限制性定语从句的理解
My brother who is a doctor lives in New York. My brother, who is a doctor, lives in New York.
My brother who is a doctor lives in New York.我有不止一个brother,其中当医生的那个在纽约工作。 My brother, who is a doctor, lives in New York.我brother在纽约工作。他是个医生。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
Let’s discuss only such questions as concern everyone of us.
Such people as knew Tom thought he was a talented young man. 由as引导的定语从句（多和such连用） Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
Let’s discuss only such questions as concern everyone of us.
Such people as knew Tom thought he was a talented young man. All is not gold that glitters. He laughs best who laughs last.
Plainly enough, anyone must realize it who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office. He is a real sportsman who does not seem to care if he wins or loses. 先行词与关系词被分隔的从句 All is not gold that glitters. He laughs best who laughs last.
Plainly enough, anyone must realize it who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office. He is a real sportsman who does not seem to care if he wins or loses.
Hardly a man came to the exhibition but was deeply impressed by the originality of his works. There is no habit so old but may be cured by a strong will-power.
There was not a single person there but thought you were in the right. 由but引导的定语从句。（用于带否定含义的语句中,现在较少见。）
Hardly a man came to the exhibition but was (who was not) deeply impressed by the originality of his works.
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There is no habit so old but may be (that may not be) cured by a strong will-power.
There was not a single person there but thought (who didn’t think) you were in the right. It’s good of you to be constantly thinking of helping others. It’s no use your telling me not to worry.
It was a nuisance having to wait for such a long time. It happened that I wasn’t there that day.
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. It seems that there is a big waste pipe coming down from the town.
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.
My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.
I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. I think it no need talking about it with them.
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. She won’t like it if you arrive late.
I’d appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work.
I take it that they will succeed sooner or later.
The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt. We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. Don't take it for granted that they will support you.
I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.
You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English. I’m counting on it that you will come.
I’ll make it known to all that you are not honest. It作形式主语和形式宾语 由不定式、动名词和从句充当的主语
To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.
For their country to be neutral in this conflict was out of the question. Popularizing the new method was not an easy job. Walking is good exercise.
What has happened proves that our policy is right. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
That they failed in their attempt is entirely understandable. It作形式主语 为了避免句子头重脚轻, 往往由it 代替作主语的不定式、动名词或从句。 用不定式作主语的这类句子很多：
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It is our duty to attend to this matter.
What a mistake (it is) to have rejected the plan!
How much does it cost to send a letter by registered mail? 用动名词作主语的句子不很多，主要用在以no good, no use, useless, senseless, nuisance, worthwhile, waste, dangerous等词作表语的句子中： It’s no good waiting here. Let’s walk home. It’s nice talking to you.
It’s no use talking to him about it. It’s a waste of time arguing about it.
It is hard work keeping the grass green at this time of year. It’s dangerous playing with fire.
It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. Is it worthwhile taking such trouble? 用从句作主语的这类句子是不少的。常见的有下面几类：
1) It is a pity (a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, a good thing, good news,common knowledge, no wonder, a deplorable thing, etc.) that …
2) It is strange (natural, surprising, obvious, true, fortunate, good, wonderful, funny, ridiculous, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, quite clear, unusual, etc.) that …
3) It was said (reported, rumoured, announced, arranged, decided, stressed, expected, etc.) that … 4) It seems (happened, thus came about, turned out, suddenly struck me, occurred to me, etc.) that …
5) It is doubtful (not known, not decided, not made clear, to be found out, to be made clear, to be argued, to be discussed, to be decided, being discussed, being considered, a question, a mystery, debatable, uncertain, open to question, etc.) 十whether/wh-词引起的从句。
6) It doesn’t matter (doesn’t make too much difference, doesn’t seem to matter much, doesn’t alter the situation, is of little consequence, doesn’t affect us, etc.) 十whether/wh-词引起的从句。
在英语中，当动词不定式、动名词或从句在句中充当宾语且其后又带有宾语补足语时，习惯上要在宾语补足语前使用一个没有具体意义的形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移到补足语的后面，构成“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式/动名词/从句）”结构。（常见动词为think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/regard）如： She felt it her duty to take good care of them. I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
Tom didn’t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese. I find it pleasant to work with him.
All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . I think it best that you should stay here.
The headmaster has made it clear that the school meeting will not be put off. I think it no good going there now. 但我们常会碰到it用作形式宾语时之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语的情况。“it”的这种特殊用法常出现在以下几种结构中。 A. 动词＋it＋when / if 从句。常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数动词之后。 He hates it when people use his bike. I hate it if you say such things in public.
We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour. I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.
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hate (like) it when (if)…是英语中很有用句式，其意为“讨厌（喜欢）……”，其中的 it 可视为一种特殊的形式宾语，不可省略。 一、hate it when (if)…句式
He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
I hate it if you say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。 I hate it when he spouts off like that! 我实在讨厌他那样喋喋不休地说个不停。 Pam hates it when Lee calls her at work. Pam 讨厌Lee在上班的时候打电话给她。 二、like it when (if)…句式
She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
How would you like it if someone treated you in that way? 假若别人好样对你，你怎么想? Men say they like it when women make the first move. 男人都说他们喜欢女人主动。 I don’t like it when you get angry. 我不喜欢你生气的样子。
B. 动词+ it + that从句。常见于take, have, put等少数动词之后。 I take it that you will agree with us. I take it that you have been out.
Rumor has it that Mary is getting married.
Let me come and stay. You can put it that it was arranged before. C. 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句。常见于owe it to sb; take it for granted 等结构中。 I owe it to you that I finished my work in time. I took it for granted that they were not coming. D. 动词 + 介词(短语) + it + that从句。常见于answer for, depend on, rely on, insist on, look to, see to, stick to 等结构中。
I'll see to it that she gets home safe and sound. You may depend on it that they will win this time. I’m counting on it that you will come to see us off. E. 动词+ it +过去分词+从句。常见于几个可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词之后。 I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1995.
They haven't made it known where the meeting is to take place.
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My English Teacher 介绍你的一位英语老师; 说明他(她)的主要教学方法以及你的看法. I began to like English because of my english teacher in senior school ,who has stimulated my great interest in learning English.
She was patient but strict. She did not mind the students' slowness in learning ,but to make what we had learned strong, she often asked us to recall the knowledge in class. This was also a method to examine the homework she had assigned.
She is such an excellent teacher that we got so much from her, I’ll appreciate her forever. My English Teacher 作文讲评
优点：大部分同学注意结构：总-分-总，有开头、结尾句 缺点：（1）不注意审题，要求写外表和上课的情况，有些同学漏了该要点； 注意逻辑，先写外表，再写性格、爱好；最好另起一段写老师上课的情况。 改错：
She teach English. (X) She teaches English.
2. She teaches English very good. (X) She teaches English very well. 3. I like she very much. (X) I like her very much. We are all like her. (X) We all like her.
5. Everyone like her. (X) Everyone likes her.
6. She’s class is very interesting. (X) Her class is very interesting. 7. Her class is very funny. (X) Her class is fun.
8. She has small nose and mouth. (X) She has a small nose and mouth. 9. She is good-looking with long straight hair. (X) She is a good-looking lady with long straight hair.
开头句：
1. This is our English teacher.
2. We have a good English teacher.
3. Ms. Li is my English teacher and I love her very much. 4. The woman with long straight hair is my English teacher.
5. Do you know my English teacher? She is a pretty lady with a long face and two small eyes.
结尾句：
1. I like her very much. 2. Everybody likes her.
3. We all like her. Our English teacher is very popular. 4. What a great English teacher I have! 5. I think she is a good English teacher. 6. We all have a good time in English class.
7. I think we should understand and love our teacher.
Look（外表: 长相、穿着）
1. She has a small nose and mouth.
2. She is a beautiful lady with long straight black hair. 3. She is wearing a skirt. It’s so beautiful. 4. She always wears a pair of high heels.
5. She usually wears black clothes. I think she likes black very much.
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形容词:
(pretty, good-looking, beautiful, helpful, young, outgoing, kind, friendly to us, strict with us) A层：1. She is young and pretty. 2. She is very friendly to us. 3. She is kind and helpful.
4. She is very popular in our school.
B 层：1. She is my favorite teacher. So I’m good at English.
2. She is very friendly to us, but sometimes she is strict. 3. She is friendly and helpful. She often helps us with English. Sometimes she plays with us.
Class （上课情况）
1. When we have English class, we are relaxed and happy.
2. If some students talk in class, she is angry. 3. She teaches us knowledge. 4. She is good at English. She teaches us English very well.
5. She speaks English very well, and she teaches English very well, too.
6. Our English class is not very good this term. But I think we can be great in the future. 7. In class, she is often very strict because we are not listening to her.
8. She is friendly to us, but sometimes she is angry with us because we are naughty. 范文：
My English Teacher
We have a good English teacher.
My English teacher is very pretty. She has beautiful long straight black hair. She is a pretty woman with a round face and two big eyes. She is thin and tall. She always wears a dress.
In our class, she is very friendly. We all like her. She is very popular. I think everyone knows her. Sometimes she is strict because some students never stop talking! And she also helps us with our English. What a great English teacher I have!
Mr. Lee is my English teacher, and is thirty. He likes sports very much, so he looks strong and young. He is fond of singing too. When we feel tired in the class, he will teach us some English songs. Sometimes he tells us some funny stories. He often encourages us to speak and write in English. Although we may make mistakes now and then, he always corrects them patiently and tells us how to write properly. He is really a good teacher. We all love him and his class. 一些人把成功归于运气； My View on Luck 另一些人把运气看作是努力的结果； 我的看法。 My View on Luck Nowadays, it is generally believed among some people that success comes from luck. They believe it in love, in examinations, and even in promotion.
However, others believe in themselves. They are working hard and trying their best to achieve what they want. Although they may fail sometimes, they don’t give up, for they believe that one’s fate lies in his own hand.
As to me, I am in favour of the latter opinion. Luck doesn't come alone. It goes hand in hand with hard work and knowledge. As long as they work hard, they will succeed in the end. In their minds, diligence is the mother of good luck. 介绍一位老师 喜欢这位老师的理由
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My favorite teacher
In my life , I have met many good teachers , among which , I like my senior english teacher most .
She showed great love to us which is deeply appealing to our heart.She has never been impolite to us. Oppositely, she treated us equally. She made efforts to attract us to understand the beauty of the language and enjoy the cultures of the foreign countries.
She is such an excellent teacher that we got so much from her, not only the knowledge but also kindness, diligence. All these will be useful to all my life. Fellow students 全班同学去参观科学博物馆又你班子通知 早上8点在校门口集合，步行前往 参观是要认真听，仔细看，并记下有趣东西 不可在博物馆内大声喧哗及拍照 NOTICE Fellow students
Attention please ,we will have a visit to science museum tomorrow. Should pay attention to three.Fristly ,we will meet in the school gate at eight in the morning, then go to there on foot together .Secondly,when visiting ,we shall listen carefully, look closely, and record the interesting things ,because we are asked to write a composition about the museum. The last but most important one ,it’s not allowed to talk loudly in the museum not photographing. 在30分钟内写一片不少于80字的短文 一位外国朋友来信，打算到中国旅游。你给他回信提出建议 接到朋友来信 你对旅游的安排计划及理由 表达你希望见到朋友的心愿 Dear John: I have just received your letter ,and excited by the news that you will come to china soon. You know I miss you so much.
In your letter, you mentioned your travel plan. My advise is you can go to Beijing and Hangzhou. There are many royal buildings in Beijing like Palace Museum, Summer Palace. Hangzhou is large city and very pretty. Scenery amid the misty rain looks very beautiful.I hope you enjoy your stay in China. I am looking forward to your coming. Yours ever David. 写信 李华，在职学生，家住上海 假如你叫李华，在英特网上找到一个叫喜欢集邮和运动。 David的网友，请根据下列要点给David对英语很感兴趣，会唱不少英文歌曲。 写个email，介绍下你的一些情况。 开头已经写好，词数80个左右。 Dear David, How are you? My name is Li Hua. I'm a middle school student in Shanghai now. I like collecting stamps.
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After school, I often play football or do some other sports. What's more, I like English very much and I can sing a few English songs. By the way, some of my classmates want to have their pen friends, too. Can you help us? I haven't been to any foreign countries yet, so I hope I'll visit your country soon. I’m looking forword to your letter. Yours, Li Hua The Chinese New Year 简单介绍中国新年即春节 你最喜欢的新年庆祝活动 The Chinese New Year Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year. To the ordinary Chinese, the festival actually begins on the eve of the lunar New Year's Day and ends on the fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar.
During Spring Festival , there will be lots of New Year's celebrations, among which ,I like firework display ,taking lucky money from the elders, and eating dumpling most .In a word ,chinese new year brings every chinese a lot of happiness. Smoking is Harmful 吸烟对身体有那些危害。 不吸烟对身体有哪些益处。 Smoking is Harmful Smoking is harmful, Firstly, It has been estimated that smokers have made up half of the population in China. secondly, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires. The last one , smoking can cause a lot of diseases, not only to smokers themselves, but also to non-smokers.
On the other side, with fewer people smoke, our air will become more pure and fresh, our health will get better ,and our life will be more beautiful. Therefore, I hope all the smokers can give up smoking for themselves and also for the people around them. My favorite TV program 我最喜欢的电视节目。 介绍你最喜欢的电视节目 为什么喜欢这个电视节目 My favorite TVprogram My favorite TV program is Animal World.It is a program about animals.I watch it at 7:00 every evening,which tells us a lot about animals' life and their living habits ,like eating habits and living environment.I think it is one of the most interesting Tv programs in China,because I love animals so much.It can help me increase some knowledge that I can't learn from books.Besides,it tells me to treat animals like our friends.Animal World is a good Tv program ,I hope that more people will like it. Changes in My life 你生活中有哪些变化 你对此的感受 Changes in my life In this summer hoilday,I have changed a lot by taking a part-time job as a English teacher.It’s the turning point in my life.
I used to be a shy boy , you know , even a common conversation with a single girl would make my face turm red. But now , I am completely different ,I can talk with a group of girls in the English corner.
I like these changes ,which helps me to make friends , giving me more chances to communicate with others .In a word , I become more confidence and happy.
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现在完成时 构成 助动词 have/has + 过去分词
例:肯定句 I have worked. He has worked.
否定句 I have not (haven't ) worked. He has not (hasn't )worked . 疑问句 Have you worked ? Has he worked ?
回答Yes，I have. / No , I haven't . Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't. 功能及意义
表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰： ever曾经， never从不， already已经， yet还（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑问句中）， just刚刚， recently，lately近来， so far 迄今为止= until now, up to now， before 以前 例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ I have never heard of such a man.我从没有听说过那个人。 We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭
I have already returned your money.我已经把钱还给你了。 I haven't found my book yet. （否）我还没有找到笔记本 Have you done your homework yet?（疑） 你做作业了吗？
Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的来信了吗？
So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今为止 还没有人犯错误 I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过
2 表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用： →for + 一段时间 I have learned English for 8 years
→since + 过去的一个时间点 I have learned English since 2001 →since + 一段时间+ ago I have learned English since 8 years ago
→since + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句I have learned English since I was 5 years old → in the past/last +时间段
We have had two English exams in the past two months近两个月来我们进行了2次英语考试
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years 近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
三 延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法
现在完成时中， 与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。
我离开这所学校已经八年了。
误 ： I have left this school for eight years（×） 他借用我的词典已经两天了
误： He has borrowed my dictionary for two days（×） 非延续动词与一段时间连用时，可做相应转化 因此中例句正确形式分别为 我离开这所学校已经八年了。
正 ： I have been away from this school for eight years（√） 他借用我的词典已经两天了
正： He has kept my dictionary for two days（√） 其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形
buy→have borrow→ keep, fall asleep →be asleep leave →be away
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begin →be on die →be dead,
join→ be in或be a member of return→ be back come/arrive→ be in get up →be up,
marry/get married →be married catch a cold→ have a cold 在否定句中短暂性动词可与短时间连用
I haven't gone to see him for several months（ 我已经好几个月没有去看他了） I haven't bought anything for two months 四 区分
have been to +地点; 表示去过某个地方（已经回来），常与ever, never ,几次等连用， have gone to +地点: 表示到地方去了（还没回来）
have been in+地点： 表示到了某个地方（多久了），常与 for + 段时间连用 比较：He has been to China twice(曾经去过,现在不在中国）
He has gone to China 他到中国去了.（他可能已在去中国的路上，或已到中国，总之，现在不在这里）He has been in China for two years(他到中国已经两年了） 五 对完成时的提问用 how long.....? 不能用 when... ? 六 现在完成时常用句型
1 It is the first/second time....that....结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时 It is the first time that I have visited the city这是我第一次参观这座城市 It is the third time that the boy has been late这是这个男生第三次迟到了 2 This is the... that.. 结构，that 从句要用现在完成时
This is the best film that I 've (ever) seen这是我看过的最好的电影 This is the first time that I've heard him sing这是我第一次听他唱歌
3 It is / It has been + 时间段+ since ...It has been/ It's 5 years since we last met. 自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了
It's / It has been 3 months since the man died 那人死去3个月了 4 一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句 Two years has passed since I came here. 七 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1998 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用 I have seen the film 我看过这部电影（我了解这部电影的内容） I saw the film last week 我上周看了这部电影（只说明shangxingqi
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类似to one’s surprise结构归纳
“to +one’s+情感名词”是英语中一个十分有用的结构，主要表示某人由于某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感，通常译为“令某人……的是”“使某人感到……的是”。这类结构在学习时应弄清以下几个方面。 一、该结构主要适用哪些名词
能用于该结构的名词非常有限，常见的有 admiration(羡慕), amazement(惊奇), amusement(娱乐), annoyance(烦恼), astonishment (惊奇), delight(欣喜), despair(绝望), disappointment(失望), embarrassment(难堪), happiness, horror(恐怖), joy(高兴), puzzlement(疑惑), regret(遗憾), relief(放心), satisfaction(满意), shame(羞愧), sorrow(悲伤), surprise(惊讶)等。如：
To my amazement, he arrived on time. 令我惊异的是，他居然准时赶到了。
To my great amusement his false beard fell off. 使我感到极其好笑的是，他的假胡子掉了下来。 To his annoyance, he discovered they hadn’t waited. 他发现他们没有等他而感到十分烦恼。
To his no small astonishment the woman began to laugh. 使他吃惊不小的是这个女人竟开始笑了起来。 To her embarrassment, she couldn’t remember his name. 令她感到困窘的是，她记不起他的名字了。 To my shame I never thanked him for his kindness. 我感到惭愧的是对他的好意我从未表示过感谢。 注：有时可将两个名词并列使用。如：
To her surprise and joy, she was awarded first prize. 使她又惊又喜的是，她获得了一等奖。
To her great disappointment and annoyance, she failed in the English examination again. 使她极为失望和苦恼的是，她的英语考试又没有及格。 二、如何强调该结构的语气
若要加强该结构的语气，通常有两种方式：
1. 在名词前加 great, deep, utter 等形容词修饰。如：
To our great delight the day turned out fine. 使我们感到十分高兴的是，天气转晴了。 To my great disappointment I failed to get the job. 我没得到那份工作，大为失望。
To his great disappointment, she wasn’t on the train. 令他大大失望的是她不在那列火车上。 To my utter delight he lent me the money I needed. 使我十分高兴的是，他借给了我需要的钱。
To my deep indignation, he pretended not to know about it. 使我十分愤慨的是，他假装不了解此事。 2. 在整个短语前加副词greatly, much 等修饰。如：
Greatly to my regret, I cannot attend the party. 很可惜的是，我无法参加聚会。
He has succeeded, much to the delight of his parents. 他成功了，这使他父母都非常高兴。 Much to my surprise the door was unlocked. 使我大为吃惊的是，门没有锁。
Much to my regret I am unable to accept your invitation. 很抱歉，我不能接受你的邀请。 三、该结构在句中的位置
该结构通常位于句首，但有时也可位于句末，甚至句中。如：
He broke it, greatly to my annoyance. 他打破了那东西，这使我非常气恼。
I learned to my sorrow that he was killed in the accident. 我获悉他在事故中丧生而深感悲痛。 I discovered to my horror that my passport was missing. 使我惊恐的是，我发现我的护照不见了。 The work was done to his own satisfaction, but in my opinion it was badly done. 这工作他做得很满意，但在我看来，却是做得很糟。
四、该结构的变体该结构通常的变体是“to the+情感名词+of sb”。如：
To the surprise of everybody the man was the girl’s father. 使大家吃惊的是，这个人就是这个女孩的父亲。 He fell in the water, much to the entertainment of the children. 他掉进水里，逗得孩子们乐不可支。
To the delight of his proud parents, he has made a full recovery. 令他自豪的父母高兴的是，他完全恢复了。
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to one’s surprise表示“令人吃惊的是”，是介词短语。作结果状语或插入语，位于句首，其中one’s 指形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，surprise前也可用形容词修饰。例如：
To my great surprise, he passed the English examination.令我大为吃惊的是，他的英语考试极格了。 To Mr Lin’s surprise, Miss Li alone got three gold medals.使林先生吃惊的是，李小姐一人得三块金牌。 (2)in surprise表示“吃惊地、惊奇地”，是介词短语，作程度状语，常位于谓语之后。例如： “How do you come to know it ?”Mr Zhao asked in surprise.赵先生惊奇地问：“你怎么知道的?” He shouted to us in surprise.他吃惊地向我们呼喊。
(3)by surprise表示“出其不意、趁……不防、突然”，是介词短语，作方式状语。例如： He took the dog by surprise. 他趁那条狗不防突然进行袭击。 His visit took me by surprise.他的突然来访使我感到意外 surprised adj.感到惊奇
①be surprised to do ②be surprised at ③be surprised that从句
They were surprised to hear the news. 他们听到那个消息感到很惊讶。 He was surprised at their visit. 他对他们的来访感到惊讶。
We are surprised that she can finish all these things in such a short suppose vt.认为;猜测
①suppose n. to be ②suppose that从句 ③suppose so/not We all supposed him to be honest. 我们认为他老实。 I don’t suppose that I shall come back until eight o’clock. 我想一直要到八点钟我才返回。
—Will he come?他会回来吗? —I suppose so.我想他会。 I suppose not./I don’t suppose so.我想他不会。 take 短语归纳
take along 带着，带在身边;take one’s place 坐某人的座位，代替某人的职位;take medicine 吃药;take steps采取步骤;take measures采取措施;take advice 接受建议;take a taxi坐出租车;take a look at 看;take a bath/walk/rest/trip洗澡/散步/休息/旅行;take away拿走; take down拿下，记录下;take back 带回，收回(话);take off脱下(衣、鞋、帽)，(飞机)起飞;take out取出;take place 发生;take the place of代替，取代;take up 开始，拿起;take a deep breath深呼吸;take one’s temperature量体温;take a photo照像;take a photograph of给……拍照;take one’(a)seat 坐下，坐好;take aim at 瞄准;take charge of 负责(管理某事或照顾某人);take…for把……误当作;take hold of 抓住;take interest对……发生兴趣;take it easy别紧张，别过累;take notes作笔记;take notice of 注意;take office就职;take a new look on呈现新面貌;take on workers 雇佣工人;take part in参加(活动);take pride in 为……而骄傲;take the lead带头;take trouble费劲(力);take the side of 支持某人(方);take a day off某一天休假，不工作;take one’s time从容行事，慢慢来;take turns轮流。take a bath:洗个澡 take a taxi:打的take off:脱去;起飞 take care of:照料take exercise:运动take away:拿走take a look:看一看take turns:轮流take one’s time:慢慢做 take a photo：拍照take one’s temperature:量休温take a bus:乘公共汽车take medicine:服药 take an interest in: 对……感兴趣take a seat:就座 take the floor：起立发言take a prize:获奖take the chair:当主席take place:发生 take hold of:握住take a rest：休息一下 take in:收容take fire：着火 take a drive：乘马车take a nap:小睡一会儿(午觉)take a shower：洗个淋浴 take a trip:旅行take a walk：散个步 [应用]完成句子。
①你为什么不带你妈妈参加音乐会呢?
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Why don’t you ________ _______ your mother__________to the concert? ②墙上的地图太旧了，取下来吧。
The map on the wall is to old. _________ _________ ________.
③对不起，我收回我刚才的话。 Sorry. I _______ _______ what I said just now. ④我把他当成我弟弟了。 I ________him _________ my younger brother. Key:①take,along②Take, it ,down③take, back④took,for take an interest in 对……感兴趣 have an interest in 对……感兴趣 lose interest in 对……失去兴趣
①He has a great interest in stamp-collecting. ②I lost my interest in history.
③His father took no interest in him. take charge
该词组意为“掌管”，“负责”，常与of介词连用，后接宾语，与“be responsible for”同意。如： Betty took charge of all the preparations for the exhibition sales. take…for example
take…as an example 以……为例
You can take it for example that he always helps the old. 你可以把他帮助老人这件事作为一个例子。
Take Peter as an example, he is brave and kind.以彼得为例，他既勇敢又善良。
take/have a look at 看一下。该动词短语比look at 更侧着于一次性动作，即“看一眼”。 Can I take/have a look at your new watch?我看一看你新买的手表好吗? 类似的短语还有：take /have a rest /an exam/a bath等。 take on; take sth. on意为“从事”，“担任”，“承担”。如： ①He is taking on a new job. ②You’ve taken on too much. 你承担的工作太多了。
take sb. on接受挑战 如：He took Jack on at golf. take on a new look呈现新面貌 如：Our country has taken on a new look every where. take photograph of/take photograph for
take photograph of 表示拍照的内容。 take photograph for 表示拍照的目的。如：
He took some photographs of these beautiful flowers. 他拍了一些这些美丽的花的照片。 He took some photographs for the foreigners. 他为那些外国人拍了一些照片。 take…by surprise对……突然袭击，出乎……意料。
His parents took him quite by surprise when they suddenly appeared at the door. take turns = take in turns轮流(做某事)
The two boys took turns at digging the hole 这两个男孩轮流来挖坑。 The three men took turns to drive so one would not be too tired. 这三个人轮流开车，因此，就不会有人过于疲劳了。 take up, take down
①take up arms/guns/knives/Japanese/too much room/the whole
day/the cry/the song拿起武器/拿起枪/拿起刀子/开始学日语/占太多的空间/占了整整一天的时间/喊起来/唱起来。
②take down the old picture /what he said取下旧画/记录下他说的话。 [应用]完成句子
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①他20岁时开始写作。
He _________ _________ _________at the age of twenty. ②会议占了整个上午的时间。
The meeting_________ _________the whole morning. Key:①took, up ,writing ②took, up tear短语归纳
tear out撕下，扯下，拔起;tear up 撕碎，拔起(后一词义同tear out);tear down撕下，拆毁，tear at撕扯某物;tear sth.open把……撕开;tear sth.to(into)pieces把……撕成碎片。 [应用]完成句子
①这本书的前几页被人撕掉了。
The first pages of this book were ________ ________by someone. ②很多树被大风拔起了。
Many trees were________ ________by the strong wind. ③她一看完就把信撕碎了。
She _________ _________ the letter the moment she had read it. ④工人们把旧房拆了，在原址建起了新房。
The workmen__________ _________the old house and built a new one in its place.
Key:①torn, out ②torn, out(up)③tore, up ④tore, down .tear out撕下，撕掉
He tore some of the papers out of the book.他从书中撕下了几页。 对比：tear up撕碎，撕毁，连根拔起 She tore up the letter. 她把信撕碎了。
The trees were torn up by the hurricane. 树木被飓风连根拔起。
另：tear down拆除(建筑物等) tear sth. in two/half 把……撕成两半
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