通用版2021届高考英语一轮复习第7讲名词性从句学案含解析

名词性从句 问题层级图

不能完成名词性从句解题 ?

目标层级图

能够完成名词性从句解题 LV3 操作

课前诊断

5’ M 1. The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.

A. whomever

B. wherever

C. whoever D. whatever

2. She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. A. when

B. where

C. whether

D. what

3. We must find out ________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. A. when

B. how

C. where

D. why

4. A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for A. what

B. whom

C. why

D. when

5. You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. A. what 课中讲解

一. 判断名词性从句 LV2 1. 名词性从句的定义

主从、表从、宾从在复合句中的功用和名词相同，分别作整个主句的主语、表语和宾语， 整个从句相当于一个名词，这样的从句就叫做名词性从句。 2. 名词性从句的分类

根据名词性从句在句中的不同作用可分为如下4类： （1）主语从句 （2）表语从句 （3）宾语从句 （4）同位语从句

【小试牛刀】

3 ’ M B. that

C. where

D. who

辨析以下名词性从句的类型

1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.

3. The truth is that I have been there. 4. The fact that she was late surprised us.

二. 名词性从句连接词的用法 LV2 1. 主语从句

通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。

（1）that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；

（2）连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. It is known to us how he became a writer. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用一般过去时或现在完成时的形式。常用句型如下： It + be+名词+that从句 It is a surprise that… It's a great pity that It is a fact that … It + be + 形容词 + that从句 It is necessary that… It is important that they didn't get married. It's splendid that you passed your exam. It's said that he has been It + be +动词的过去分词+ It is believed that… that从句 It is known to all that… there many times. It happened that a doctor was on the train at that very moment. It +不及物动词+ that从句 It appears that… It happens that… It occurred to me that 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 【小试牛刀】 3’ M 1. It is immediately clear ________ the financial crisis will soon be over. 2.________ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 3. It is obvious to the students ________ they should get well prepared for their future. 2. 宾语从句 引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 例如： He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if： （1）引导主语从句时； Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. （2）引导表语从句时； The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? （3）引导宾语从句时； Everything depends on whether we have enough money. （4）从句中有“or not”时； I wonder whether he will come or not. （5）后接动词不定式时。

Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应。例如： He studies English every day. He studied English last term.

I know (that) he will study English next year. he has studied English since 1998.

当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．

think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We don’t think you are here. I don’t believe he will do so.

【小试牛刀】 3’ M 1. The companies are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

2. Could I speak to ________is in charge of International Sales please?

3. The old man was so angry and spoke so fast that none of his children understood_______ he said meant

3. 表语从句 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：It looks as if…。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. That’s just what I want. This is where our problem lies. That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. 注意： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.

【小试牛刀】 5 ’ M 1. The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________she was and wait for her mother. 2. The last time we had great fun was ________we were visiting the Water Park. 3. What makes the school famous is ________many students in this school have been admitted to famous universities.

4. 同位语从句

同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。例如：

The news that we won the game is exciting. I have no idea when he will come back home.

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.

【小试牛刀】

3 ’ M 1. We should consider the students’ request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science.

2. The reason I plan to go is ________ she will be disappointed if I don’t. 3. They were faced with the demand ________ this tax be abolished.

三. 应用名词性从句的做题方法 LV3 1．划分主从句LV3

找从句: 从句始于连接词，止于连接词后第二个谓语动词之前 2．判断句子完整性LV3

根据五大基本句型（主谓、主谓宾、主谓宾宾、主谓宾宾从、主系表）分析从句是否缺成分

3．补充正确的连接词LV3 掌握名词性从句的引导词 从属连词 that, whether, if

连接代词（兼名词性）what, who, whom, which, wh+ever 连接副词（兼副词性）when, where, how, why

【小试牛刀】

3 ’ M 1. Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now. A. how

B. when

C. where

D. why

2. This is ________my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

A. how

B. which

C. that

D. what

3. Every year, ________makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival .A. whatever

四. 辨析定语从句和名词性从句 LV4

定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 She is the girl who talked to me yesterday.

名词性从句，主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在句中做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的成分。 I don’t know who she is.（宾语） This is why I came here.（表语） 区别：

第一，定语从句有先行词，且先行词可以放入后面的从句中使从句完整；

名词性从句中的主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句没有先行词，同位语从句有先行词但在从句中不做成分。 The news that they told me excited me.

(the news可以放入从句中，使句子完整，即they told me the news) The news that our team won excited me. (the news无法放入从句中，所以是同位语从句) 区别：

第一，定语从句有先行词，且先行词可以放入后面的从句中使从句完整；

B. whoever

C. whomever

D. whichever

名词性从句中的主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句没有先行词，同位语从句有先行词但在从句中不做成分。 The news that they told me excited me.

(the news可以放入从句中，使句子完整，即they told me the news） The news that our team won excited me. (the news无法放入从句中，所以是同位语从句）

【小试牛刀】

1. She and her family bicycle to work, ________helps them keep fit. A. which

B. who

C. as

D. that

3 ’ M 2. The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that

B. as

C. where

D. when

3.________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. A. Where 课后练习

【补救练习】 一、单项选择

1. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading. A. why

B. where

C. how

D. when

5 ’ M B. How

C. Why

D. When

2. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust. A. what

B .that

C. whether

D. why

3.I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within. A. that

B. where

C. what

D. why

4. It is natural ________ children are curious about the world around them. A .that

B. whether

C. what

D. how

5. We haven't discussed yet ________ we are going to place our new piano. A. where

B. which

C. what

D. that

【巩固练习】 单项选择题

1. Across the street is the research center ________Stephen Hawking made his groundbreaking discoveries in physics. A. where

B .that

C. when

D. which

5’ M 2. Sometimes it seems to bother the teacher________ all the students are being too quiet. A. how

B. what

C. that

D. where

3. What I love most about reading novels is ________the authors vividly describe the characters. A. what

B. why

C. how

D. whom

4. Don't forget to send ________ attended the conference a follow-up email. A. however

B. whatever

C. whoever

D. wherever

5. Moving abroad means entering a culture ________ he customs and the language are different. A. where

【拔高练习】 翻译综合练习

1. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(be familiar to)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(no sooner…than) __________________________________________________________________________________________

15’ M B. when

C. which

D. whose

Lesson 7 名词性从句

课前检测 （5mins） 1. 【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:这块金牌将颁发给这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。“________wins the first place in the bicycle race”为宾语从句,该从句缺少主语,且设空处表示“任何人”,故填whoever,相当于anyone who。故选C。 2. 【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意: 她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆,我承认我还没有归还。根据题干可知,

设空处引导宾语从句,根据句意,应选whether“是否”,故选C。 3. 【答案】A

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意: 我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来,以便我们可以为他预订房间。空格处引导的是宾语从句,根据句意可知此处要用when引导。故选A。 4. 【答案】A

【解析】考查表语从句。句意：在港口的船是安全的,但是那并不是船被建造的目的。连接代词what引导表语从句并作介词for的宾语，故选A。 5. 【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：如果你要安排到达那里的最好路线,你就得知道你将要去哪儿。根据题干中getting there可得出答案，故选A。 课中讲解

一、判断名词性从句LV2 【过关检测】（3mins） 辨析以下名词性从句的类型 1.

【答案】主语从句

【解析】从句在句中做主语的成分。 2.

【答案】宾语从句

【解析】从句在句中做宾语的成分。 3.

【答案】表语从句

【解析】从句在句中做表语的成分。 4.

【答案】同位语从句

【解析】从句在句中做同位语成分。 二、掌握名词性从句连接词的用法LV2 1. 主语从句

【过关检测】（3mins） 1.

【答案】that

【解析】从句不缺成分 2.

【答案】what 【解析】从句缺主语 3.

【答案】that 【解析】从句不缺成分 2. 宾语从句

【过关检测】（3mins） 1.

【答案】what 【解析】从句缺宾语 2.

【答案】whom 【解析】从句缺主语 3.

【答案】what 【解析】从句缺宾语 3.表语从句

【过关检测】（3mins） 1.

【答案】where

【解析】从句缺地点状语 2.

【答案】when

【解析】从句缺时间状语 3.

【答案】that 【解析】从句不缺成分 4. 同位语从句 【过关检测】（3mins） 1.

【答案】that

【解析】从句为同位语从句，从句不缺成分

2.

【答案】that

【解析】从句为同位语从句，从句不缺成分 3.

【答案】that

【解析】从句为同位语从句，从句不缺成分 三、应用名词性从句的做题方法LV3 【过关检测】（3mins） 1. 【答案】C

【解析】考查表语从句。句意: 要是没有他的帮助,我们就不会是现在的情形了。根据句意可知,设空处意为“情形,情况,形势”,应用where引导,在从句中作表语。故选C。 2. 【答案】D

【解析】考查表语从句。句意: 这就是父亲教给我的——总是面对困难并寄予最大的希望。根据句意可知,表语从句中taught me后缺少直接宾语——“教会了我什么”,因此用what引导。故选D。 3. 【答案】B

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意: :每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,根据句意可知应用whoever引导,表示“无论哪个人,无论谁”。whomever作宾语,故排除。故选B。

四、辨析定语从句和名词性从句 LV4 【过关检测】（3mins） 1. 【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意: 她和家人都骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。根据题干可知,从句修饰的是前面的主句,“她和家人骑自行车上班”这件事充当了定语从句中的主语成分,且此定语从句前有逗号,是非性定语从句,所以用which引导。故选A。 2. 【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能成为伟大发明的灵感。题干中,The little problems是先行词,从句中缺少宾语,因此用that引导定语从句,故选A。 3. 【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们怎样理解事物与我们的认知有很大关系。A项在从句中作地点状语,意为“哪里”;B项在从句中作方式状语,意为“如何”;C项在从句中作原因状语,意为“为什么”;D项在从句中作时间状语,意为“什么时候”。故选B。 课后练习

补救练习 （5mins） 一、单项选择 1. 【答案】B

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意: 简在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着,不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。故选B。 2. 【答案】B

【解析】考查表语从句。句意: 雨季最令人愉快的事情就是人们可以完全免受尘土的影响。表语从句中不缺少成分,意思完整,故用that引导从句，故选B。 3 【答案】A

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意: 我确信美丽源自内心。分析句子成分可知从句中成分完整，故选A。 4. 【答案】A

【解析】考查主语从句。句意:孩子们对他们周围的世界感到好奇是很自然的。It为形式主语,真正的主语是natural后的从句,从句中不缺少成分且意思完整，故用that引导,故选A。 5. 【答案】A

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我们还没有讨论该把我们的新钢琴放在哪里。根据句意可知从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导，故选A。 巩固练习 （5mins） 单项选择题 1. 【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意:街道对面是那个斯蒂芬·霍金获得具有突破性的物理学发现的研究中心。空格处引导定语从句,并且在从句中作地点状语,所以应用where，故选A。 2. 【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:所有的学生都太安静了有时似乎会让老师困扰。本题考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,it为形式主语,真正的主语为空格处引导的主语从句,而从句中不缺成分,所以应用that，故选C 3. 【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:关于读小说我最喜欢的就是作者生动地描述人物形象的方式。分析句子结构可知空格处引导表语从句,且结合句意可知从句中缺少方式状语,所以应用how,故选C。 4. 【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:关于读小说我最喜欢的就是作者生动地描述人物形象的方式。分析句子结构可知空格处引导表语从句,且结合句意可知从句中缺少方式状语,所以应用how，故选C。 5. 【答案】A

【解析】考查定从句。句意:搬到国外意味着进入一种习俗和语言都不同的文化。先行词是culture,设空处引导定语从句,且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用where，故选A。 拔高练习 （10mins） 翻译综合练习 1.

【答案】We enjoyed ourselves this New Year’s Day this year. 2.

【答案】My uncle sent me a card yesterday to congratulate / congratulating me on my 18th birthday. 3.

【答案】After years of / years’ construction, the little town is now as lively as it was before the earthquake / it used to be before the earthquake. 4.

【答案】The performance began with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties. 5.

【答案】No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization.