阅读文章的结构
(6)
了解文章的结构,能够让我们在阅读时更迅速地把握文章的脉络和文章主旨,对于提升做题效率更有重要意义。是几种段落结构模式交织在一起。
总分型这类文章遵循从观点到材料,从抽象到具体的逻辑法则,其基本框架是先总论后分论,中心论点出现在分论之前。
问题解决型
首先说明情况和背景,然后提出问题,接着作出反应,
文章的结构模式大体
上分为四类。这四类文章在一篇文章中并不是存有的,有时往往
也就是解决问题,当然问题也可能没有解决或没有完全解决,最后给予适当的评价或者分析。总体布局上有时会舍去背景部分或评价部分。
匹配型段落的发展主线为两种事物之间的类比:两种论点概论----得出结论。作者一般不发表态度和结论。
假设真实型文章结构模式是:假设观点----实行反驳----作者观点。作者往往在文中开头即提出一种观点或主张,然后从赞同与反对两个方面实行反驳或澄清,经过论证之后才提出作者本人的观点。
Passage 6
Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that therebig difference between \"being a writer\" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. \"Youwrite,\" I say to them, \"not want to be a writer.\"
The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poorpaying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there
’ve got to want to
’s a
--
--一种论点----另一种论点;或者是现象----一种事物----另一种事物
are thousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn
’t even matter
that it was __6__and had no
bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a __7__ writer.
After a year or so, however, I still hadn
’t gotten a
break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a story that __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn
keeo putting my dream to the test--even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.
A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubtE) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospectsI) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awardedM) alone N)wealth O)cold参及解析:
1.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。可选项有而不是怀疑也不是说服,故排除
doubt, persuade,
’t going to
be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would
encourage, 但由always推知,作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人,
doubt和persuade而选encourage。
2.选N)。由空格后的fame可知,此处应填名词。可选项有prospects和wealth,但由dreaming of 与第二段中The reality is... poor-paying
可推知,那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉,
而不是前途,故排除prospects而选wealth。
3.选E)。此处应填形容词,private, poor-payingaffair
。选项中有lonely和alone,能修饰affair
lonely,alonelonely。
4.选C)。此处应填动词的被动形式。可选项有时表示“颁发,授予”,故只有
表示“孤独的”时,通常作表语,故排除
一起修饰alone而选
的只有
rewarded和
awarded,前者可表示“(为所希望的举动得到的)回报”,后者作动词
rewarded符合题意而排除awarded。
20年
5.选H)。此处应填名词。“当我辞别了我在美国海岸警卫队工作成为一个自由撰稿人时,没有任何排除wealth而选prospects“前途”。
6.选O)。it指代的是apartment building可知这个公寓条件很差,选项中只有择O)cold。
......
可言”,可选项有
prospects和wealth,但wealth一般指抽象意义上的“金钱”,所以
,从had no bathroom
cold能说明公寓的条件差,故选
7.选B)。“我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机,感觉自己就好像是一个......
的作家”,由前面提到的
to become a freelance writer
可推知,此处作者是想成为一个真正的作家,故选项中只有genuine“真正的”符合题意。
8.选D)。由空格前的to可知,此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt,persuade,encourage,
但由still hadn
’t gotten a break\"
在
写作上还没有任何进展”,所以此处应理解为他开始怀疑自己的选择是否准确,故doubt符合文意。
9.选A)。that从句结构完整,后面有
made,故此处应填副词。可
选项有barely和impossibly,因that引导的从句是对story的解释,再由hard一词可推知,此处应填的副词应表达肯定的意思,故排除impossibly而选barely“仅仅,刚刚”。
10.选I)。由空格后的and可知,此处应填名词。由failure
可知,所填词应表示不好的境遇,可选项有
。
uncertainty;
fear of
poverty和
又由fear可推知,此处强调的是生活的变化无常,而不
是生活的贫困,故选uncertainty
导读:
Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always K)encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between \"being a writer\" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of N)wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter.(these individualsa writer.\"
The reality is that writing is a E)lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never C)rewarded.(kissed by fortune
意为“受到命运之神的亲睐”,由此可推出第
4题应填的
词。) When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(
自由撰稿人), I had no H)prospects
。
at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. (What I did... my room in...friend,由此可看出,作者刚开始从事写作时的艰难。even matter that it was O)cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a B)genuine writer.
After a year or so, however, I still hadn
’t gotten a )It didn’t
这是一个复合句,What引导的是主语从句,who引导的定语从句修饰a
指代的是Many a young people。)
\"You’ve got to want to write,\"I say to them, \"not want to be
break and began to D)doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that A)barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted
to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn
keep putting my dream to the test----even though it meant living with I)uncertainty and fear of failture.(put... to the test意为“使.....
’t going
to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would
经受考验”,此处表明了作者态度,即要成为作家
必须忍受很多困难。)This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.
全文翻译:
很多年轻人对我说他们想当作家。我总是鼓励这样的青年,但同时我也向他们说明“当作家”和写作的区别是很大的。在很多情况下,
那些想当作家的人向往的是金钱和名誉,而不是独自守着打字机的漫长日子。我对他们说,“你必须是想写,而不应是想当作家。”
事实上,写作是一件令人寂寞,孤独而且报酬又不高的事情。在每一个受到命运之神青睐的作家背后,还有成百上千的不走运的作家,
这些人的渴望从没有得到过回报。当我辞别了我在美国海岸警卫队20年工作成为一个自由撰稿人时,没有任何前途可言。我只有一个朋友,
他在纽约的一幢公寓里给我找了一个房间。即使房间很冷而且连洗漱间也没有,不过这都没关系。我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机,感觉自
己就好像是一个真正的作家了。
不过,大约一年后,我仍然没有任何进展并开始怀疑自己。要卖出一篇暂且能够糊口的作品是如此之难。但我知道我有写作的欲望。这是
我多年以来的梦想。我不会像有些人那样,在临终前还在想,当初如果不放弃该多好啊!我会继续接受考验,即使这意味着变化无常的生活
和对失败的担心。这其实也是梦想实现以前的一种虚幻的境界,每一个有梦想的人都应该学会在这种境遇中生活。
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