2022-2023学年辽宁省重点高中沈阳市市郊联体高一(上)期末英语试卷(含答案)

4-Day Classic Beijing Tour

The 4-day classic Beijing tour is designed for tourists who come to visit China for the first time.It covers the most popular and typical places in Beijing，fully displaying the scenery，culture，history，local lifestyles and features，food and drinks，business，etc.to you. Day 1：Arrival in Beijing

Your guide meets you at Beijing Capital International Airport，and helps you check in at your hotel. Enjoy Peking duck as welcome dinner. Accommodation（住宿）：Downtown Beijing Day 2：The Great Wall & the Summer Palace

Start your day at the most famous part of the Great Wall，the Badaling Great Wall.Leave the downtown for the Great Wall at 8 am.Since it is a long drive to the Great Wall （about 2 hours' riding），have a break at the Beijing Bona Jade Museum on the way.Lunch will be enjoyed in a local restaurant.In the early

afternoon，come back to the city and have a sightseeing （观光） tour of the Summer Palace.

Suggested activity：Beijing opera shows （Liyuan Theatre，19：30-20：

30 every evening）

Accommodation：Downtown Beijing

Day 3：Beijing city sightseeing & the local experience

Your guide meets you at the hotel at 8 am and set out for the day's touring：Tian'anmen Square and the Forbidden City.

After visiting the two sites，have a break and get ready for lunch. Hutong visit：see some traditional arts of the old Beijing，such as paper cutting and kite making，and visit a local family. Accommodation：Downtown Beijing Day 4：Beijing Olympic sites

Visit the Olympic sites：the Bird's Nest，the Water Cube and the Olympic Green，showing the fast developing modern China.Enjoy some free time after visiting the sites.

After lunch，it is shopping time and then the tour is over. 1. Whom is this advertisement aimed at？ ______ A. Experts who study history and cities. B. People who are interested in touring. C. Kids who were born in other cities. D. Foreigners who are new to China.

2. What should a tourist do if he wants to enjoy Beijing opera？ ______

A. Visit the Summer Palace on the first day.

B. Go to Liyuan Theatre in the evening. C. Go sightseeing in a Beijing hutong. D. Live and eat downtown in Beijing.

3. On which day can tourists enjoy the city's traditional arts and local lifestyles？ ______

A. Day 1. B. Day 2. C. Day 3. D. Day 4. B

I got my first job at 12 as a waitress. It certainly was tiring but interesting. And when I went on to college, it paid for tuition and housing and eventually, a camera.

From the moment I picked up a camera, I was attracted. All I wanted to do was take pictures for the university newspaper, the Minnesota Daily. The paper at that time was one of the largest in the state and was produced by young journalists who went on to work at every major magazine in the country. For the final two years, I just wanted to be a photographer. The week I finished college. I was hired by the Worthington Daily Globe.

Jim Vance was the top-notch publisher of the Globe. He had very high expectations of all the staff. With little or no instruction from him, 35 writers and photographers were expected to fill the paper with stories that were important to our readers. It was perfect training for my future career at National Geography.

I was the youngest photographer working for National Geography when I arrived in 1978, and I spent at least a decade just trying not to make mistakes. While I was grateful for the opportunity, it was very difficult for me. With each new task came the fear that this was going to be the one where they figured out that I couldn't do the job. On many tasks, the most challenging part turned out to be the transportation. Over the years, I traveled by horse, cars train, truck and all sorts of old vehicles. I traveled by mule in Mexico, by ship along the Indian Ocean, by fishing boat in the Sea of Galilee. Wherever I traveled in the world, I wanted my pictures to make a real difference in people's lives.

I am deeply grateful for the amazing lessons photography has taught me. I've learnt that women really do hold up half the sky; that language isn't always necessary, but touch usually is; that all people are not alike, but they do mostly have the same hopes, and fears.

4. When did the author wish to become a photographer A. After she graduated from college. B. When she was working as a waitress. C. As soon as she picked up the camera.

D. While she was working for the university newspaper.

5. How did the author feel when she began working for National

Geography

A. Inspired. B. Worried. C. Touched. D. Disappointed. 6. What has the author learned from photography A. Transportation is the most challenging in travelling. B. Women and men are not equal in some countries. C. People hold different hopes and ideas towards life.

D. People can still understand each other despite language barriers (障碍).

7. How is the passage developed

A. By making comparisons. B. By giving examples. C. By time. D. By space. C

The Pygmalion fleet refers to a possible influence that people's expectations can have on other people's performance.Therefore，it directly links the initial expectations we have about a person's abilities and the performance that this same person ends up having. High expectations lead to better performance and low

expectations lead to worse；both effects are called the self-fulfilling prophecy （自我实现预言）.It is interesting to analyze the self-fulfilling prophecy because it can affect us both positively and negatively.The positive effect is referred to by the term \"Pygmalion effect\"，which strengthens the characteristic you want to influence，

and it produces an increase in self-esteem （自尊）.We call the adverse effect \"Golem effect\"，which produces a decrease in people's self-esteem and their performance.

The Pygmalion effect can also be called the Rosenthal

effect.Rosenthal was a professor of social psychology at Harvard University who，together with Lenore Jacobson，carried out a famous experiment to see the effects of the self-fulfilling prophecy in education.

Rosenthal and Jacobson gave a non-verbal （非语言的） intelligence test to the students at the beginning of the course，informing the teachers that the analysis predicted the intelligence level of the students.Then，they selected，without any regular plan，a sample of 20% of the students in each class，thus creating the experimental group.The teachers were informed that the selected \"good students\" had greater potential for progress，while for the rest they did not say anything，the latter becoming the control group.

After eight months，an intelligence test was passed on to all the students and the conclusion Was that those students who had been rated as more intelligent had improved more than the rest.This experiment allowed scientists to show that the positive expectations of those around us have a direct good effect on our

performance and our results.They create a better atmosphere and are more open to giving information and encouragement.A person is not \"still\" and permanent，but is changing and developing through their experiences.Educators have a role that can be vital in making up for socioeconomic differences among students，and are able to strengthen those that can have added difficulties to reach their greatest potential.

8. What can be inferred about the self-fulfilling prophecy？ A. It is a part of the Pygmalion effect. B. It is a double-edged motivation tool. C. It does good to people's self-esteem.

D. It works differently in people of different backgrounds.

9. What does the underlined word \"adverse\" in Paragraph 2 mean？ A. Lasting B. Desired. C. Opposite. D. Immediate. 10. What do we know about the experimental group？ A. They had excellent classroom performance. B. They were chosen without purposeful plans. C. They were specially selected by the teachers. D. They had close scores in the intelligence test.

11. What is the Pygmalion effect's inspiration to educators？ A. Challenging students with more difficulties. B. Offering poor students more financial support.

C. Carrying out more colorful teaching activities. D. Paying more attention to disadvantaged students. D

Should humans explore space？If you ask me，I'll definitely give a positive answer.

The exploitation （开发） of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans，as well as the state of our world.Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the

world.connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.The Global Positioning System （GPS） can identify our location anywhere.Furthermore，weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.

Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger.For example，large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies.The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite.It can screen areas of land within a very short time，indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops，soil rainfall，and droughts.It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.

In recent years，space-based technologies have become an

important factor to reach and expand global health

objectives.Information provided by remote technologies can be applied to study the epidemiology （流行病学）.This data provided by space technologies can monitor disease patterns，understand the environmental causes that spread it，make predictions about where it can spread in the future，and make plans to fight it efficiently.

Furthermore，access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings.Rural communities have disadvantaged access to education and satellite

communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap.With the advancement of technology，students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world via video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms.

Space exploration is something we can do for future

generations.Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet，but these will run out one day.Overpopulation can be an existential threat for all mankind.With the advancement of space technology，it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets，such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets.

For the exploration of the universe，perhaps the most

advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose，regardless of our differences.

12. What can space exploitation do according to Paragraph 2？ A. Improve the traffic on the earth. B. Promote travel between countries. C. Help prevent deadly natural disasters.

D. Help humans communicate and exchange information.

13. How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger？ A. By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites. B. By transporting food worldwide more easily. C. By creating job opportunities for the poor. D. By protecting available land resources.

14. What does the author think of mining resources on other planets？

A. Time-wasting. B. Arguable. C. Necessary. D. Educational. 15. What would be the best title for the text？ A. Why Space Exploration Is Important？ B. Why Humankind Should Keep Exploring？ C. Why We Should Improve Space Technology？ D. Why Humans Should Keep Developing Technologies？ Social anxiety disorder can make one feel scared and more

self-conscious than other people do in social interactions. (1) . The following tips can help you feel better and get through the day. Prepare. (2) . Preparing for what is to come can help boost your self-confidence and help you resist the urge to avoid some situations that make you feel nervous. For example, if you're going on a first date and you're scared you'll have nothing in common, try reading magazines and newspapers to find a few topics to talk about. If going to a party, do some relaxation or breathing exercises to help you calm down before you leave the house! Start small. Dealing with social anxiety takes time and practice. You have to be patient and try not to take on your biggest fears at once. Don't jump into a big social situation that doesn't yet make you feel comfortable.

(3) . You can practice eating out in public by going to restaurants with close friends and family, try making eye contact with people on the street or at the grocery store and say hello and if someone starts a conversation with you, ask them questions about their hobbies or favorite places to travel.

(4) . Pay attention to things happening around you instead of the thought in your head. Focus more on being present and interested, be a good listener by paying attention to the conversations that are happening around you and remind yourself that other people

probably can't tell how anxious you are just by looking at you. Use your senses. Using your six senses whenever you feel nervous or anxious can help you calm down. For some people, looking at a favorite photograph or smelling a certain scent can do the trick. (5) . A. Control your thoughts. B. Shift focus off yourself.

C. Take your time and build up the abilities to handle it. D. Get involved in physical activities as possible as you can. E. It is important to plan ahead of certain social interactions. F. So, the next time you feel anxious, try listening to a song or eating something.

G. This might make daily activities extra challenging and stop one living life to the fullest.

16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G 17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G 18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G 19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G 20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

I remember everything about my first Cubs game，although it was a few years ago.My uncle took me to it on a Saturday in spring，a bright sunny day.When we got there，I（1） that even though we were at the upper level，I could see everything clearly，the（2）

field.It was great-seeing it this way was much better than watching it on TV.Then the game started，and everyone cheered when the Cubs（3） on the field.The man next to me said， \"This is going to be the year.This year they're going all the way.\" My uncle said to him， \"Let's hope this is the one.\" But then he（4） to me， \"I think he is too hopeful.We'll have to wait and see I always start the year thinking they'll win the World Series，but then I remember the（5） year.They started the season（6） and then they had a long losing streak.\" The final score was 7 to 0，so it was nine winnings of hoping and then losing.We were（7） about that score.

\"Tomorrow，they'll win.I'm certain!\" I heard one person say as we left to go home. \"（8） \"another replied.When we were returning，I asked my uncle， \"Why were they so（9） when the score was 0 today-how can they be sure that tomorrow the team will win？\" That's（10） it means to be a Cubs fan：we believe in

tomorrow.When they win，it's the best.If they lose，we expect it will get better，even though（11） may tell us it won't.Every year，we hope；every game we hope and we don't abandon hope，that's（12） .It's about（13） your team no matter what.

And the next year we were there too，cheering.（14） they lost，then it was amazing what happened this year.The Cubs won the whole thing-they won the World Series.Their fans were so

excited-I've never seen adults scream and（15） that way. 21. A. understood B. realized C. memorized D. mentioned 22. A. entire B. familiar C. mysterious D. comfortable 23. A. reached out B. tried out C. came out D. gave out 24. A. said B. smiled C. nodded D. whispered 25. A. last B. next C. recent D. original 26. A. waiting B. winning C. playing D. hiding

27. A. overjoyed B. embarrassed C. touched D. disappointed 28. A. Possibly B. Finally C. Definitely D. Fortunately 29. A. wonderful B. promising C. optimistic D. potential 30. A. what B. who C. why D. how

31. A. experience B. guidance C. persuasion D. expectation 32. A. hobby B. loyalty C. wisdom D. preference

33. A. commenting B. approaching C. supporting D. awaiting 34. A. though B. despite C. unless D. if 35. A. end up B. put up C. take up D. jump up

36. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。并将答案填写在答题卡上。

Why do many of us find （1） difficult or impossible to fall asleep in a bed other than our own？Is it because the bed is （2） （comfort）？According to a new study published in Current Biology，a significant reason （3） people cannot sleep well is what the

scientists call \"first night effect\".They believe that one side of the brain acts （4） a \"night watch\" to warn us about potential dangers.It forces us （5） （stay）awake on the first night in a new environment.For the study，35 young volunteers （6） （ask） to sleep in a lab for several days.Meanwhile，researchers watched their brain activities.

According to the researchers，.on their first night，the left brains were more active than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping.However，the （7） （activity） of the left hemisphere of the brain decreased as days went by， （8） （fall） even to the point of complete calm.In this process，the （9） （participate） got an increasingly better sleep experience.

The findings suggest that the different rhythms of the two sides of the brain affect our sleep.When the two sides work （10） （different），the balance between them is broken.Thus，the brain can't relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings，just as it is in the daytime. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

37. 假设你是李华，最近你的朋友Mike因为不良的生活习惯而感到身体不适，于是向你询问如何保持健康。请你根据以下内容给他回信提些建议，要点如下： 1.合理饮食； 2.加强锻炼； 3.保证睡眠。 注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mike,

I'm sorry to hear that __________ Yours, Li Hua

38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

When school was over，the day was fading and it started to drizzle （毛毛雨）I stood at the school gate，with a loaded backpack on my

shoulders.It was Friday again：a weekend of joy with unlimited sleeping hours and dinner courses specially made to my taste，a weekend at home.I waved goodbye to my friends as they jumped into their fathers' warm and comfortable cars.Curiously，this gave rise to a disturbing feeling in me.It was not exactly what they called jealousy，but something like dismay（沮丧）.I knew all I could expect was an old bike Mom would ride along on，with the badly-oiled chain creaking（嘎吱作响）against the wheel to announce her arrival. Every Friday when Mom came to pick me up for the weekend，it was a moment full of great expectation and great unease.I always felt my face burning as we rode our way in and out of the numerous cars and saw my friends' faces sticking out of the car windows.It was like stepping into a ballroom with beautifully dressed ladies and finding yourself in a smelly T-shirt.

To tell you the truth，Mom is quite a headache once in a while.She just looks a homely middle-aged housewife.Being a practitioner of DIY，she knits most of my sweaters，chiefly in old styles.Whenever caught by some curious classmates asking what brand my sweaters are，I'd force a smile and reply in a half joking manner：homemade. I couldn't remember when I started to find her such an embarrassment.As a little boy，I relied on her so much.She had been working at home，cooking in the kitchen，knitting by the lamp

or riding across town to buy me a book I badly needed.It had always been much fun riding with mom.But just now there seemed to be something standing between us，something that made her so strange to me and me to her. 注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Today she showed up in a raincoat. _____________________

Mom tried to cover me with the back of the raincoat again as a storm set in. ____________________ 答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、B、C

【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据第一段中的\"The 4-day classic Beijing tour is designed for tourists who come to visit China for the first time\"（4天经典北京游是专为第一次来中国的游客设计的）可知，这则广告的目标人群是刚来中国的外国人。故选D。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据 Day 2：The Great Wall & the Summer Palace部分中的\"Suggested activity：Beijing opera shows （Liyuan Theatre，19：30—20：30 every evening） \"可知，每天晚上19：30到20：30在Liyuan Theatre有京剧表演。如果游客想要欣赏京剧

就可以去Liyuan Theatre。故选B。

（3）C.细节理解题。根据Day 3：Beijing city sightseeing & the local experience部分中的 \"Hutong visit：see some traditional arts of the old Beijing，such as paper cutting and kite making，and visit a local family\"（参观胡同：参观老北京的一些传统艺术，如剪纸、风筝制作，并拜访当地家庭）可知，在第三天，游客可以欣赏北京的传统艺术，如剪纸、风筝，也可以深入当地家庭，了解当地人的生活方式。故选C。

本文是一篇应用文，介绍了北京的风景，文化，历史，当地人的生活方式和特点，帮助更好的访问北京。

阅读理解题材广泛，故选学生要拓展知识面，关心时事，学习之余，增加阅读面。做此类题型，要首先阅读题目，带着问题进行阅读，阅读中，及时捕捉相关信息，仔细分析，多多推敲，多出合理判断，确保答有所依。

4~7.【答案】D、B、D、C

【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者从事摄影工作的职业发展过程及这一职业带给她的感悟。

1. 根据第二段关键句From the moment I picked up a camera, ... For the final two years, I just wanted to be a photographer.（从我拿起相机的那一刻起，我就被吸引住了。我只想为大学校报《明尼苏达日报》拍摄照片。当时的报纸是该州最大的报纸之一，由年轻记者制作，他们后来在该国的每一家主要杂志社工作。在最后两年里，我只想成

为一名摄影师。）可知，作者在为大学校报工作时希望成为一名摄影师。故选D。

2. 根据第四段关键句I was the youngest photographer working for National Geography when I arrived in 1978, and I spent at least a decade just trying not to make mistakes.（1978年，当我来到《国家地理》时，我是在这工作的最年轻的摄影师，我花了至少十年时间只是努力不犯错误。）由此可推断出，作者刚开始为《国家地理》工作时的感觉是担心的，担心犯错误。故选B。

3. 根据最后一段内容（我深深地感激摄影给我带来的惊人的经验。我明白了女人真的能撑起半边天；语言并不总是必要的，但接触通常是必要的；并非所有人都是一样的，但他们大多有着相同的希望和恐惧。）可知，通过摄影作者明白了人与人的沟通，语言并不总是必要的，但接触通常是必要的，虽然并非所有人都是一样的，但他们大多有着相同的希望和恐惧，由此可知，作者从摄影中学到了尽管存在语言障碍，人们仍然可以相互理解。故选D。

4. 通读文章，结合第一段关键句I got my first job at 12 as a waitress. （我12岁时得到了第一份服务员的工作。）、第二段关键句The week I finished college. I was hired by the Worthington Daily Globe.（在我大学毕业的那一周。我被《沃辛顿每日环球报》雇佣。）和第四段关键句I was the youngest photographer working for National Geography when I arrived in 1978, and I spent at least a decade just trying not to make mistakes.（1978年，当我来到《国家地理》

时，我是在这工作的最年轻的摄影师，我花了至少十年时间只是努力不犯错误。）可知，作者以时间为主线展开全文，分别用了“at 12”，“The week I finished college.”和“in 1978”等时间点，由此可推断出，文章是通过时间发展的。故选C。 8~11.【答案】B、C、B、D

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段High expectations lead to better performance and low expectations lead to worse；both effects are called the self-fulfilling prophecy （自我实现预言）.It is interesting to analyze the self-fulfilling prophecy because it can affect us both positively and negatively.（高期望值会带来更好的业绩，低期望值会导致更差的业绩这两种效应都被称为自我实现预言。分析自我实现预言很有趣，因为它可以对我们产生积极和消极的影响。）可知自我实现的预言是一把双刃剑。故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第二段The positive effect is referred to by the term \"Pygmalion effect\"，which strengthens the characteristic you want to influence，and it produces an increase in self-esteem （自尊）.We call the adverse effect \"Golem effect\"，which produces a decrease in people's self-esteem and their performance. （这种积极的影响被称为\"皮格马利翁效应\"，它会加强你想要影响的性格，并提高自尊。我们把这种 adverse影响称为\"傀儡效应\"，它会降低人们的自尊和表现。） 可知the adverse effect是反面影响，或者是相反的影响，A．Lasting持续的；B．Desired渴望的；C．Opposite对

立的；D．Immediate立刻的。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Then，they selected，without any regular plan，a sample of 20% of the students in each class，thus creating the experimental group. （然后，他们在没有任何常规计划的情况下，从每个班级中抽取20%的学生作为样本，从而创建了实验组。）可知他们选择学生组成实验组没有明确的计划，故选B。 （4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Educators have a role that can be vital in making up for socioeconomic differences among students，and are able to strengthen those that can have added difficulties to reach their greatest potential. （教育工作者在弥补学生之间的社会经济差异方面发挥着至关重要的作用，并能够加强那些可能增加困难的学生，以发挥他们的最大潜力。）可推断皮格马利翁效应对教育者的启示是要更多的关注弱势学生。故选D。

本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述\"皮格马利翁效应\"，指的是人们的期望可能会对其他人的表现产生影响以及实验过程。 一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。 二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；

而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会\"顺藤摸瓜\"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。 12~15.【答案】D、A、C、A

【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文第二自然段中的关键句Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world，connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.The Global Positioning System（GPS） can identify our location anywhere.Furthermore，weather satellites can

forecast harmful weather conditions，which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.（绕地球运行的卫星能够在世界各地进行通信，连接不同的人们，并在世界各地广播信息。全球定位系统（GPS）可以在任何地方识别我们的位置。此外，天气卫星可以预测有害天气条件，使人类能够为致命的自然灾害做好准备并拯救生命。）可知太空探索可以帮助人类通信和传播信息。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。由本文第三自然段中的关键句Space programs can also indirectly lead to the solution to poverty and world hunger.For example，large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies.The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite.It can screen areas of land within a very short time，indicating useful measures，such as the condition of crops，soil，rainfall，and droughts.It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.（太空计划也可以间接解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。例如，如果人类应用技术，大片土地可以得到更好的利用。最有效的工具是人造地球卫星。它可以在很短的时间内对土地进行筛查，显示有用的措施，如作物状况、土壤、降雨和干旱。然后将这些信息传输到地球上的地面站以便更好地使用。）可知太空计划利用人造地球卫星造福农作物生产来帮助解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。故选A。

（3）观点态度题。由本文倒数第二段中中的关键句With the

advancement of space technology，it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets，such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets.（随着太空技术的进步，利用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力将是明智的，例如小行星或其他行星上的采矿资源的可用性。）可推断出在对其他星球上开采资源这一行为，作者对认为是有必要的。故选C。

（4）标题判断题。由本文第一自然段中的关键句Should humans explore space？If you ask me，I'll definitely give a positive answer.（人类应该探索太空吗？如果你问我，我一定会给你肯定的答复。）以及最后一自然段For the exploration of the universe，perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose，regardless of our differences.（对于宇宙的探索来说，也许最有利的是它将把我们团结起来，为了一个共同的目标而努力，不管我们有什么分歧。）结合文章主要讲的是人类是否应该探索太空为此话题而展开的讨论，论述了探索太空的重要性。所以A．Why Space Exploration Is Important？（为什么太空探索很重要？）作为题目最合适。故选A。

这是一篇议论文。主要讲的是人类是否应该探索太空为此话题而展开的讨论，论述了探索太空的重要性。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，

各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16~20.【答案】G、E、C、B、F

【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对社交焦虑症给出了几点建议。

1. 根据上文Social anxiety disorder can make one feel scared and more self-conscious than other people do in social interactions（社交焦虑症会让人在社交中感到害怕，比其他人更有自我意识。）可知，选项说明了社交焦虑症的影响，空格处承上启下，下文The following tips can help you feel better and get through the day （下面的建议可以帮助你感觉更好，度过这一天。）G项中前半部分This might make daily activities extra challenging承接上文，后半部分and stop one living life to the fullest引起下文。故G选项（这可能会让日常活动变得格外具有挑战性，让一个人的生活无法充分发挥）切题。故选G。

2. 根据上文Prepare（准备）概括了本段主要内容，与空格处是总分关系，选项E （在进行某些社交活动之前做好计划是很重要的），承接上文，说明要做好计划属于“准备”的范畴，且与下文Preparing for what is to come can help boost your self-confidence （为即将发

生的事情做准备可以帮助提升你的自信。）是并列关系，都属于“准备”的范畴。故选 E。

3. 根据上文Don't jump into a big social situation that doesn't yet make you feel comfortable.（不要跳进一个尚未让你感到舒适的大社交场合。）说明了不要急于进入大社交场合，C项中Take your time（慢慢来。）是关键词，与上文构成顺承关系，所以C项（慢慢来，培养处理问题的能力）符合题意。故选C。

4. 根据下文 Pay attention to things happening around you instead of the thought in your head （要注意你周围发生的事情，而不是你头脑中的想法。）告诉我们要学会转移注意力，B项（把注意力从自己身上移开。）为本段的标题。故选B。

5. 根据上文Using your six senses whenever you feel nervous or anxious can help you calm down. （当你感到紧张或焦虑时，使用你的六种感官可以帮助你冷静下来。）说明感官可以帮助冷静，选项F中listening和eating这两个关键词都属于感官方面的词，与上文是总分关系，呼应前文，所以F选项（下次你感到焦虑的时候，试着听一首歌或吃点东西。）符合题意。是对上文的具体说明。故选F。 21~35.【答案】B、A、C、D、A、B、D、C、C、A、A、B、C、A、D

【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.understood理解；B.realized意识到；C.memorized记住；熟记；D.mentioned提到。句意：当我们到达那里时，我意识到，即使我们在上层，我也可以清楚地看到一

切，整个运动场。根据下文\"even though we were at the upper level，I could see everything clearly\"可知，这是作者意识到的东西。故选B。 （2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.entire整个的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.mysterious神秘的；D.comfortable舒适的。句意：当我们到达那里时，我意识到，尽管我们在上层，我可以清楚地看到一切，整个运动场。根据前文\"I could see everything clearly\"可知，作者能够清楚的看到一切，因此能够看到整个运动场。故选A。

（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.reached out伸出；B.tried out试验，考验；C.came out出现，出版；D.gave out分发，公布。句意：然后比赛开始了，当小熊队上场时，每个人都欢呼起来。根据前文\"Then the game started，and everyone cheered\"并结合常识可知，比赛开始，当比赛队伍出现时，人们会欢呼。故选C。

（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.said说；B.smiled微笑；C.nodded点头；D.whispered低语。句意：但后来他对我低语：\"我觉得他希望过度了。我们必须等着看，我总是在今年开始的时候认为他们会赢得世界职业棒球大赛，但后来我想起了去年。他们在赛季开始的时候赢了，然后他们经历了长时间的连败。\"根据前文\"Let's hope this is the one.\"和下文\"I think he is too hopeful.\"可推断，作者旁边的人对团队赢得比赛充满希望，作者的叔叔却认为他希望过度，结合常识可知，应是低声地告诉作者这些。故选D。

（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.last最后的，最近过去的；B.next下一个的；C.recent最近的；D.original起初的。句意：但后来他对

我低语：\"我觉得他希望过度了。我们必须等着看，我总是在今年开始的时候认为他们会赢得世界职业棒球大赛，但后来我想起了去年。他们在赛季开始的时候赢了，然后他们经历了长时间的连败。\"根据下文\"They started the season（6）________and then they had a long losing streak.\"可知，此处叔叔说的是去年的事情。last year\"去年\"。故选A。

（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.waiting等待；B.winning赢得；C.playing玩耍；D.hiding躲藏。句意：但后来他对我低语：\"我觉得他希望过度了。我们必须等着看，我总是在今年开始的时候认为他们会赢得世界职业棒球大赛，但后来我想起了去年。他们在赛季开始的时候赢了，然后他们经历了长时间的连败。\"根据下文\"then they had a long losing streak.\"可知，一开始赢得了比赛，接下来一路连败。故选B。 （7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.overjoyed狂喜的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.touched感动的；D.disappointed失望的。句意：我们对那个分数感到失望。根据上文\"The final score was 7 to 0，so it was nine winnings of hoping and then losing.\"可知，原本非常有希望获胜，但是最终还是输掉了比赛，令人失望。故选D。 （8）考查副词及语境理解。A.Possibly可能；B.Finally最终；C.Definitely当然，肯定；D.Fortunately幸运地。句意：\"肯定\"另一个回答。根据前文\"Tomorrow，they'll win.I'm certain!\"和后文\"how can they be sure that tomorrow the team will win？\"可知，另一个人也认为明天球队肯定会赢得比赛。故选C。

（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.wonderful极好的；B.promising有希望的；C.optimistic乐观的；D.potential潜在的，可能的。句意：为什么今天比分是0时他们还这么乐观---他们怎么能肯定明天球队会赢呢？根据下文\"when the score was 0 today-how can they be sure that tomorrow the team will win？\"可知，即使今天的比分是0，他们还是认为明天会赢得比赛，因此推断他们是乐观的。故选C。 （10）考查连词及语境理解。A.what……的（东西等）；B.who谁；C.why为什么；D.how如何。句意：这就是作为一个小熊队球迷的意义：我们相信明天。根据句意并分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，用连词what，故选A。

（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.experience经验；B.guidance指导；C.persuasion说服，劝说；D.expectation期待。句意：当他们赢了，那就是最好的。如果他们输了，我们期望情况会好转，即使经验告诉我们并不是这样。根据上文描述的作者看比赛的情况可推断，即使看比赛的经验告诉我们不会赢，我们也期待自己支持的球队会赢。故选A。

（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.hobby爱好；B.loyalty忠诚；C.wisdom智慧；D.preference偏爱。句意：每年，我们希望着；每场比赛我们都满怀希望，我们不放弃希望，这就是忠诚。根据前文\"Every year，we hope；every game we hope and we don't abandon hope\"可知，我们会对团队充满希望，不放弃希望，这是对团队的忠诚。故选B。 （13）考查动词及语境理解。A.commenting评论；B.approaching

接近；C.supporting支持；D.awaiting等待。句意：无论如何都要支持你的球队。根据前文\"When they win，it's the best.If they lose，we expect it will get better，even though（11）________may tell us it won't.Every year，we hope；every game we hope and we don't abandon hope\"可知，作为团队的粉丝，我们无论如何都支持自己的球队。故选C。

（14）考查连词/介词及语境理解。A.though尽管；B.despite尽管；C.unless除非；D.if如果。句意：尽管他们输了，但是今年后来发生的事情令人惊讶。根据句意前后文是让步关系，用though引导让步状语从句，despite是介词，不引导从句。故选A。

（15）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.end up结束；B.put up忍耐；C.take up占据；D.jump up跳起来。句意：他们的粉丝非常兴奋---我从来没有见过成年人那样尖叫和跳起来。根据前文\"The Cubs won the whole thing-they won the World Series.Their fans were so excited\"可知，团队赢得比赛，粉丝非常兴奋，他们高兴地跳起来。故选D。

本文是记叙文。讲述了作者第一次去现场看球的经历。粉丝们对球队非常忠诚，尽管输掉了比赛，仍旧满怀希望的认为球队接下来会赢，在赢得比赛时，会像孩子一样高兴的尖叫和跳起来。

做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要

考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。 36.【答案】【小题1】it 【小题2】uncomfortable 【小题3】why 【小题4】as 【小题5】to stay 【小题6】were asked 【小题7】activities 【小题8】falling 【小题9】participants 【小题10】differently

【解析】（1）考查代词。句意：那个地方在三年前的一次军事政变中被推翻。分析句子结构可知此处是find it+adj to do结构，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。故填it。

（2）考查形容词。句意：是因为床不舒服吗？分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词is，所以空处应填形容词作表语，再根据句意，此处表达\"不舒服\"之意，comfort的否定形容词是uncomfortable。故填uncomfortable。

（3）考查定语从句关系词。句意：根据发表在《当代生物学》上的一项新研究，人们睡不好的一个重要原因是科学家们所说的\"第一晚效应\"。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，

在从句中作原因状语，应该用why引导。故填why。

（4）考查介词。句意：他们认为，大脑的一侧扮演着\"守夜人\"的角色，警告我们潜在的危险。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：act as意为\"担任……角色\"。故填as。

（5）考查不定式。句意：它迫使我们在新环境的第一个晚上保持清醒。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：force sb.to do意为\"强迫某人做……\"，用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to stay。

（6）考查动词时态和语态。句意：在这项研究中，35名年轻志愿者被要求在实验室里睡上几天。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，所以ask作本句谓语动词，主语是volunteers，两者间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时，且主语是复数。故填were asked。

（7）考查可数名词复数。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，大脑左半球的活动减少，甚至下降到完全平静的地步。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the，所以空处应填名词，activity意为\"活动\"，为可数名词，此处应该用复数形式。故填activities。

（8）考查现在分词。句意：随着时间的推移，大脑左半球的活动减少，甚至下降到完全平静的地步。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词decreased，所以fall用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是activities，两者间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填falling。 （9）考查名词。句意：在这个过程中，参与者的睡眠体验越来越好。空前是冠词the，所以空处应填名词，participate意为\"参与者\"，为

可数名词，此处应该用复数形式。故填participants。

（10）考查副词。句意：当双方工作方式不同时，他们之间的平衡就被打破了。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空前的动词work，应该用副词修饰，different的副词形式是differently。故填differently。 本文是说明文。主要介绍了我们很多人在别人的床上很难或不可能入睡的原因。

语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。 37.【答案】Dear Mike,

I'm sorry to hear that you feel unwell because of bad living habits these days.I'm writing to tell you my suggestions about how to stay healthy. （写信目的）

First of all,you should keep a reasonable diet,which means you should avoid eating food high in fat and too much sweet food.【高分句型一】Instead,you'd better eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.（合理饮食）Secondly,taking exercise every day helps building a strong body.【高分句型二】Why not take more exercise in your spare time？As we all know,regular exercise is an important part of keeping us healthy.（加强锻炼）Finally,make sure you have enough sleep and you mustn't stay up too late at night.（保证睡眠） By eating properly and exercising regularly,you can keep your body

at a proper weight and stay healthy.I truly hope my advice is helpful and you'll get well soon.（表明建议） Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua

【解析】高分句型一

First of all,you should keep a reasonable diet,which means you should avoid eating food high in fat and too much sweet food. 分析：句子里，代指主句you should keep a reasonable diet,关系词which引导非性定语从句means you should avoid eating food high in fat and too much sweet food。

翻译：首先，你应该保持合理的饮食，这意味着你应该避免吃高脂肪食物和过多的甜食。 高分句型二

Secondly,taking exercise every day helps building a strong body. 分析：句子里，动名词taking exercise every day作helps building a strong body的主语。

翻译：第二，每天锻炼有助于增强体质。

提纲类写作是近年高考英语书面表达的热点题型，命题人通常以提纲作文的形式考查书信、报道、通知、日记、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。提纲作文的选材范围很广，内容简单易懂，且多是考生熟悉的话题。这类题型的主要特点是要点明确.范围具体。但考

生也容易受中文提纲的制约，将书面表达变成了翻译，造成语法结构和词汇上的单调，甚至写出结构不完整的句子。

38.【答案】Today she showed up in a raincoat.Seeing her standing in the heavy rain with all the body wet，I finally could not control myself and shouted at her， \"Why do you look so flustered？I don't need you to take me home.I feel ashamed to have a mother like you!\" Suddenly，Mom was shocked and silent.Maybe，she had never thought that I would have that feeling of her appearance and our home condition.She said nothing and just covered the raincoat on me.I pushed it away wildly.（作者在看到他的妈妈穿着雨衣出现在学校门口的时候的反应）

Mom tried to cover me with the back of the raincoat again as a storm set in.With a smile，she said， \"Dear son，I'm trying my best to earn our living，and I'm sure that if we work harder，we will get whatever we want in the future.\" Hearing her words，I felt

embarrassed. 【高分句型一】I thought of the time when she knitted in the deep night and cooked for me in the early morning. 【高分句型二】Yes，she had always been doing whatever she could to make me live well.But I was still unsatisfied.I had known that if I wanted to get what others had，I should spare no efforts to study hard and get it by myself.（作者认识到了妈妈的辛苦，下定决心要通过自己的努力获得他想要的生活。）

【解析】本文为记叙文，文章主要讲述作者在同学们都是被爸爸们的汽车接回家的时候，他的妈妈却是骑着破旧自行车来接他，这让他感到很丢人。

高分句型一：Hearing her words，I felt embarrassed. 译文：听到她的话，我感到尴尬。

分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语Hearing her words作状语。 高分句型二：I thought of the time when she knitted in the deep night and cooked for me in the early morning.

译文：我想起了她在深夜织毛衣，在清晨为我做饭的时候。 分析：这句话使用了when引导的定语从句修饰the time。 解题方法点拨

（1）品读原文。确定文章线索

每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生\"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）\"。

（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求

一般短文后面的\"注意\"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到\"心中有数\"。

（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路

根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确

定续写段落的内容。

（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句

在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。