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2021年高考英语完形填空话题分类训练专题11社会现象(真题+新题)(解析版)

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11 社会现象

序号 1 2 步骤真题自测新题模拟形式测词仿句自主总结一．真题自测（测词仿句）

Passage1 1. 真题再现【2020·天津卷】

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant 16 - -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be 17 in a clever way. The 18 ? Chat benches.

Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her 19 . The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who 20 made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about “f 31,000 . Jones was 21 when she said that she didn’t actually 22 being cheated. “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.

This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely 23 people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. So he 24 to do something about it. He 25 the police department to allow him to 26 a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that 27 :”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 28 conversations.

The idea is catching on 29 There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n) 30 outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully 31 -the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 32 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.

This effort is not just a(n) 33 at being community minded- -it’s also a 34 measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.

The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 35 those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future. 16．A．choice 17．A．experienced 18．A．solution 19．A．pleasure 20．A．eventually 21．A．ashamed 22．A．mind 23．A．active 24．A．learned 25．A．forced 26．A．put away 27．A．read 28．A．formal 29．A．randomly 30．A．positive 31．A．realized 32．A．break down 33．A．glance

B．discovery B．suffered B．puzzle B．prize B．frequently B．shocked B．forgive B．lonely B．refused B．ordered B．make out B．claimed B．joyful B．slowly B．disappointing B．examined B．put up B．attempt

C．visit C．prevented C．excuse C．credit C．previously C．excited C．risk C．cautious C．pretended C．convinced C．tear apart C．meant C．awkward C．quickly C．correct C．discussed C．keep off C．knock C．face-saving C．encourages

D．promise D．felt D．intention D．money D．occasionally D．amused D．enjoy D．stubborn D．decided D．taught D．set up D．implied D．crazy D．purposefully D．embarrassing D．formed D．take out D．attack D．crime-cutting D．troubles

34．A．heart-breaking B．risk-taking 35．A．forbids

B．appoints

这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个局工作。他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”，帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。”聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。

16．B考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice选择；B. discovery发现；C. visit参观；D. promise许诺。下文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes说孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻

止。这是一项重大的发现。故选B。

17．C考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced经历；B. suffered遭受；C. prevented阻止；D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题，有阻止的方法。故选C。

18．A考查名词词义辨析。A. solution解决方案；B. puzzle谜；C. excuse句意:解决方案？长椅上聊天。借口；D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问”解决方案是什么”。故选A。19．D考查名词词义辨析。A. pleasure句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。31,000可知快乐；B. prize奖品；C. credit信用； D. money钱。根据下文and then she lent him about £这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D。

20．A考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，他最终让她相信他A. eventually 最后；B. frequently频繁地；C. previously是她的朋友，然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。先前；D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生约31万英镑，由此可知，他最终让她相信他是她的朋友。故选A。

21．B考查形容词词义辨析。A. ashamed句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。羞愧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. excited兴奋的；D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑，一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B。 22．A考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. mind介意；B. forgive原谅；C. risk冒险；D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选A。

23．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人，他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的；B. lonely孤独的；C. cautious小心的； D. stubborn顽固的。上文老妇人说:“否则，我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”，结合下文，琼斯创建了“聊天长椅”可知在他的社区中，有太多极度孤独的人。故选B。

24．D考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned学习；B. refused拒绝；C. pretendedD. decided决定。假装；下文He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动，由此可知，琼斯决定做点什么。故选D。

25．C考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个”聊天长椅”。A. forced强迫；B. ordered命令；C. convinced说服；D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”，由此可知，他是说服了局。故选C。

26．D考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”。A. put away放好；B. make out辨认出；C. tear apart把……弄乱；D. set up设立。根据a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选D。 27．A考查动词词义辨析。” 句意:然后，他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子，上面写着:“聊天愉快。A. read写着；B. claimed宣称；C. meant意味；D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT. “可知这是牌子上写的内容。表示”牌子上写着……”应用动词read，故选A。

28．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后，他发现人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。A. formal正式的；B. joyful愉快的； C. awkward尴尬的；D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊天”，可知人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B。

29．C考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. quickly很快地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.可知这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C。

30．A考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A. positive积极的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. correct正确的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones' idea has been fully…-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.可知琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此，推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A。

31．A考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现；B. examined检查；C. discussed讨论；D. formed形成。下文说”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。由此可知，琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A。

32．A考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A. break down打破； B. put up提供；C. keep off不接近；D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。由此可知，“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。故选A。33．B考查名词词义辨析。A. glance句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。一瞥； B. attempt尝试；C. knock敲打；D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个新颖且有趣的尝试。故选B。

34．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. heart-breaking令人心碎的；B. risk-taking冒险的；C face-saving顾全面子的；D. crime-cutting减少犯罪的。根据上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以

及那位被骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历，可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故选D。

35．C考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。A. forbids禁止；B. appoints任命；C. encourages鼓励；D. troubles麻烦。根据The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果，可知“聊天长椅”，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C。 2.核心词汇（自测----写出词义）

1. loneliness__________ 2. depression__________ 3. crimes __________ 4. solution__________ 5. cheat __________ 6. eventually __________ 7. conclusion __________ 8. extremely __________ 9. targets __________ 10. invisible __________ 11. victim __________ 12. cheaters.__________ 13. fantastic __________ 14. interact __________ 15. intention__________ 16. pleasure__________ 17. credit__________ 18. eventually__________ 19. frequently__________ 20. previously__________ 21. occasionally__________ 22. ashamed__________ 23. amused__________ 24. forgive__________

25. cautious__________ 26. stubborn__________

27. convinced__________ 28. claim__________ 29. imply__________ 30. formal__________ 31. awkward__________

32. randomly__________ 33. purposefully__________ 34. positive__________

35. embarrassing__________ 36. attack__________

37. heart-breaking__________ 38. risk-taking__________ 39. face-saving__________ 40. crime-cutting__________ 41. forbid__________ 42. appoints__________ 43. work at__________

44. a police department __________

45. make a significant discovery __________ 46. a serious social problem __________ 47. contribute to __________ 48. lonely people __________

49. in his community targets __________ 50. set up __________ 51. a couple of __________ 52. local park __________ 53. a colorful sign __________ . engage in __________ 55. joyful conversations__________

56. gain a(n) positive outcome __________ 57. get involved __________ 58. social barrier __________ 59. get to know __________ 60. put away __________ 61. make out __________ 62. tear apart__________ 63. set up__________ . break down__________ 3.重要句型（自测----析句仿写）

1. He has recently made a significant discovery- -loneliness is a serious social problem that can

contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be prevented in a clever way.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her

money.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who eventually made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about “f 31,000 .

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. All who participated have gained a(n) positive outcome from getting involved.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that encourages those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

Passage 2 1.真题再现

【2015·广东卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die. Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!

When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.

People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age. As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted. 1. A. designed B. selected

C. improved

D. discovered

2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently C. endlessly

D. extremely D. separately D. desperately D. happier D. dividing D. failure D. value D. diseases D. quiet D. increases D. choices D. movement D. permission D. stay

3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly 4. A. eventually 5. A. busier 6. A. finishing

B. hopelessly B. longer B. guiding

C. automatically C. richer C. waiting C. decline

7. A. stress B. damage 8. A. survive

B. enjoy

C. remember C. worries C. sick C. safety

9. A. problems B. fears 10. A. poor 11. A. changes 12. A. dreams 13. A. mind 14. A. protection 15. A. sound

B. young B. recovery B. chances B. appearance B. suggestions B. appear

C. strengths C. voice

C. contributions C. turn

【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。

1.A 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。

designed设计；selected选择，挑选；improved提高，改善；discovered发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过120岁，故应选A。

2.D考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健

康和幸运。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据句意可知，如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。 3.C 考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；

harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境的再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。

4.A 考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually

最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。

5.B 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier

更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。

6.D 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing

完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据文意可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。

7.C 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。

stress压力，压迫；damage损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。

8.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸

存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。

9.D考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童

疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。

10.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高

了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。

11.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续

的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。

12.B考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到

的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。

13.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，

仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。

14.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。

protection保护；suggestions建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据文意可知，现在的

社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。

15.D考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。

sound听起来；appear好像；出现；turn转，变成；stay保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。

【名师点睛】这篇短文是一篇议论文，讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题，主要考查学生名词、形容词、动词、副词等实词在具体语言环境下的使用和词义辨析，同时考查学生的语篇理解的能力。学生要在理解短文大意的基础上，对每个题目中设置的选项进行辨析，同时还需要注意上下文的暗示，选出最符合文意的一项。

2.核心词汇（自测----写出词义） 1. no longer __________________ 2. hope to__________________ 3. as long as __________________ 4. simply__________________ 5. reproduce __________________ 6. wear out__________________ 7. as a result__________________ 8. average__________________ 9. span __________________ 10. out-of-date __________________ 11. middle age __________________ 12. physical __________________ 13. mental __________________ 14. die of __________________ 15. now that__________________ 16. on the whole__________________ 17. population __________________ 18. lasting effects__________________ 19. social development __________________ 20. disaster__________________ 21. citizens__________________

22. ahead of __________________ 23. generally __________________ 24. apparently __________________ 25. extremely__________________

26. rapidly __________________ 27. harmlessly __________________ 28. endlessly __________________ 29. separately__________________ 30. eventually__________________ 31. hopelessly __________________ 32. automatically __________________ 33. desperately__________________ 34. stress __________________ 35. decline __________________ 36. failure__________________

37. survive __________________ 38. appearance __________________ 39. contributions __________________ 40. permission__________________

3.重要句型（自测----析句仿写）

1. Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is designed to live no longer than 120 years. 仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

2. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is extremely healthy and lucky.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

3. Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a longer life than ever before.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.

After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.Now that the chances of dying young are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 6.With long lives ahead of them, they need to stay active and devoted.

仿写：_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

Passage 3 1. 真题再现

【2014·全国卷Ⅰ】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on

a routine (常规) basis.As a matter of fact, we can see this 1 at work in people of all 2 .For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 3 with their new toys.But their 4 soon wears off and by January those 5 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 6 stamp albums and unfinished models,each standing as a monument to someone’s 7 interest.When parents bring home a pet,their child 8 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 9 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.Adolescents enter high school with great 10 but are soon looking forward to 11 .The same is true of the young adults going to college.And then, how many 12 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 13 drove for hours at a time when they first 14 their driver’s licenses(执照)?Before people retire, they usually 15 to do a lot of 16 things,which they never had 17 to do

while working.But 18 after retirement,the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 19 .And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 20 . 1. A. principle 2. A. parties 3. A. working 4. A. confidence 5. A. same

B. habit B. races B. living B. interest B. extra

C. way

D. power D. ages D. going D. sorrow D. expensive D. half-filled D. main D. worriedly D. game D. excitement D. success D. retirees D. bravely D. discovered D. plan D. correct D. knowledge D. soon D. quit D. colleagues

C. countries C. playing C. anxiety C. funny

6. A. well-organized 7. A. broad

B. colorfully-printed B. passing

C. newly-collected C. different C. gladly C. right

8. A. silently 9. A. promise 10. A. courage

B. impatiently B. burden

B. calmness B. independence B. students B. eagerly B. obtained B. learn B. strange B. money B. well B. chose B. toys

C. confusion C. responsibility C. adults

11. A. graduation 12. A. children 13. A. carefully 14. A. required 15. A. need 16. A. great 17. A. time 18. A. only 19. A. lost 20. A. pets

C. nervously C. noticed C. start C. difficult C. skills C. even C. left

C. friends

【文章大意】本文通过举例说明这样一个道理:各种形式的活动,如果人们经常做,都会产生厌倦

情绪。

1. A 其实，我们可从各年龄段的人们身上看到这个准则是如何起作用的。第一段的第一句出现短语As a

general rule，本空填principle呼应名词rule。

2. D 各年龄段的人都会产生厌倦情绪。从下文可知，孩子厌倦玩具、少年厌倦高中、青年厌倦大学、成年

人厌倦开车、老年人厌倦退休后的生活。因此本空填ages。

8. C 当父母带回家一个宠物时，孩子高兴地(gladly)为它洗澡、刷它的毛。 9. B 但是，过不了多久，照顾动物的重担(burden)又被移交给了父母。 10. D 青少年带着极大的兴奋之情(excitement)进入高中。 11. A 但是，不久他们就盼望着毕业(graduation)。

12. C 前句中的young adults暗示下文谈论的是成年人。根据文意可知，抱怨每天开车上班花费时间长的人，

应该是成年人。

13. B 而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时，他们翘首企盼(eagerly)一次开好几个小时。eagerly＂渴望地＂，符合文意。

14. B obtain＂得到＂。这里指考取驾照。学/科网 15. D 在退休前，人们通常计划(plan)做很多事情。

16. A 这些事情是他们上班时没有时间做的大事(great things)。

[来源学&科&网]

17. A 参见上题解析。他们上班太忙了，没有时间(time)做这些事情。

18. D 但是，退休后不久(soon)，像打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读及其他所有的消遣方式都变得没有意思了。 19. C 那些消遣方式就像他们刚离开(leave)的工作一样，非常乏味。

20. B 这些退休老人遭遇的处境，就像一月的孩子一样，开始找新玩具(toys)，寻求刺激了。 2.自主积累（自测）

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

二．新题模拟（自主总结）

1.模拟1

【2020·江苏苏州·期中】

A Singular Definition of Beauty

The mainstream beauty standard in China is a fair and freckle-free(没有雀斑) face with big eyes and high nose bridge. Before 1 photos on the social network, many women use photo beatification apps to not only smoothen and whiten their skin but enlarge their eyes 2 .It's common for 3 young women to have their freckles removed by laser, or to enlarge their eyes and shave their facial bones with plastic surgeries.

Fair, spotless skin is often connected with being elegant, pure and even 4 . Freckles, meanwhile, are considered as dirty, ugly and a sign of ill-health. One of the “funny” comments I've heard, from someone promoting traditional Chinese medicines, was that freckles “are a(n) 5 of a disease.”

This singular definition of beauty can create 6 for those who don't fit within it. I grew up thinking my freckles were 7 by most people. It was not until in college that my attitude changed, and it took another few years 8 I learned to truly love my freckles. I believe they make me 9 and beautiful.

The idea of having a single beauty standard is especially strange for a country as diverse as China. With 56 officially 10 minority groups, beauty here is rich and varied. Thankfully, the 11 definition of beauty is slowly improving. The state-run newspaper China Daily took a firm stand and offered its support, with an article calling on people to be culturally confident and 12 what we have naturally.

Hopefully, 13 ,more girls can learn to 14 who they are and what they look like and truly love themselves regardless of whether they 15 the traditional standards of beauty. 1．A．taking 2．A．as well 3．A．fortunate 4．A．tough 5．A．function 6．A．problems 7．A．laughed at 8．A．after 9．A．unique 10．A．acquired 11．A．shallow

B．posting B．in person B．well-meaning B．healthy B．aspect B．options

C．shooting C．as a result C．anxious C．confident C．reflection C．details

D．rating D．in short D．amazing D．slim D．account D．confidence D．brought out D．while D．independent D．recognized D．passive

B．taken advantage of C．smoothed out B．until B．single B．gathered B．rough

C．before C．individual C．respected C．positive

12．A．take in 13．A．on time 14．A．acquire 15．A．live up to 【答案】

B．guard against B．over time B．achieve B．respond to

C．take pride in C．ahead of time C．address C．rise to

D．get over D．in time D．accept D．make it

1．B2．A3．C4．B5．C 6．A7．A8．C9．A10．D 11．A12．C13．D14．D15．A 【分析】

这是一篇议论文。主要讲了作者认为如今很多中国女生对自己的容貌并没有自信，会选择修图或者整容来改变自己，作者讲述了自己从自卑到自信的经历，作者希望有一天，更多的女孩能学会接受自己，接受自己的长相，真正爱自己，不管她们是否符合传统的审美标准。

1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在把照片发到社交网络上之前，许多女性使用美颜app，不仅能让皮肤变得光滑白皙，还能放大眼睛。A. taking带走；B. posting发布，张贴；C. shooting射击；D. rating 评价。根据“on the social network”可知，这里是在发图之前要修图，因此是posting。故选B。2．考查固定短语辨析。句意：在把照片发到社交网络上之前，许多女性使用美颜app，不仅能让皮肤变得光滑白皙，还能放大眼睛。A. as well也；B. in person亲自；C. as a result结果；D. in short总之。根据上文“many women use photo beatification apps to not only smoothen and whiten their skin but enlarge their eyes”可知美颜app不仅能让皮肤变得光滑白皙，还能放大眼睛，故选A。

3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对焦虑的年轻女性来说，用激光去除雀斑，或用整形手术放大眼睛和剃除面部骨骼是很常见的。A. fortunate幸运的；B. well-meaning善意的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. amazing令人惊讶的。根据后面是一系列整容行为可知，这里是指对自己相貌焦虑的年轻女生常常去整容。故选C。

4．A. tough考查形容词词义辨析。句意：白皙、一尘不染的皮肤常常让人联想到优雅、纯净甚至健康。艰难的；B. healthy健康的；C. confident自信的；D. slim苗条的。根据这里前面都是褒义词，所填空前的even，以及下面有ill-health作对比可知，这里指白皙、一尘不染的皮肤常常让人联想到优雅、纯净甚至健康（healthy）。故选B。

5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从一个推广中药的人那里听到的一个“有趣”的评论是，雀斑“是一种疾病的体现”。A. function功能；B. aspect方面；C. reflection体现，反思；D. account账户。根据前文说雀斑被认为是不健康的，以及这里的主语是推销中药的可知，这里那个人说雀斑是疾病的

体现（reflection）。故选C。

6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种对美的单一定义会给那些不符合它的人造成麻烦。A. problemsB. options选择；C. details细节；D. confidence自信。麻烦，问题；根据后文“for those who don't fit within it”可知不符合单一的美的定义的人来说，美的单一定义会给他们造成麻烦（problem）。故选A。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：从小到大，我一直认为我的雀斑会被大多数人嘲笑。A. laughed at嘲笑；B. taken advantage of利用；C. smoothed out消除；D. brought out出版。根据后文提到作者到大学才改变观点，爱上自己的雀斑可知，作者以前认为自己的雀斑被人嘲笑（laughed at）。故选A。 8．考查连词词义辨析。句意：直到上了大学，我的态度才改变，又过了几年，我才真正爱上了自己的雀斑。A. after在……之后；B. until直到；C. before在……之前；D. while当……时候。根据上文“It was not until in college that my attitude changed”可知到了大学作者才改变观点可知，既此处指在真的爱上自己的雀斑之前，作者花了几年的时间（来改变自己的想法），因此是before。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为我的雀斑使我与众不同以及美丽动人。A. unique独特的；B. single单一的；C. individual个人的；D. independent的。根据上文提到作者如今爱上了自己的雀斑，以及后文“and beautiful”可知这里要填褒义词，即“我认为我的雀斑使我与众不同（unique）以及美丽动人。”故选A。

10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这里有56个官方认可的少数民族，风景丰富多彩，多种多样的。A. acquired取得；B. gathered聚集；C. respected尊重；D. recognized认可，认识。根据上文“officially”可知此处指56个官方认可的（recognized）少数民族。故选D。

11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，对美的肤浅定义正在慢慢改善。A. shallow浅的；B. rough粗糙的；C. positive积极的；D. passive被动的。根据上文“thankfully”以及后文“definition of beauty is slowly improving”可知此处指肤浅粗暴的美的定义正在逐渐提升，与之前的single definition形成对比。故选A。

12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国官方报纸《中国日报》采取了坚定的立场并提供了支持，发表了一篇文章，呼吁人们在文化上要自信，为我们所拥有的自然美感到自豪。A. take in吸收；B. guard against防止；C. take pride in以……为傲；D. get over克服。根据前面说在对美的定义正在改善，而且报纸呼吁文化自信可知，此处指呼吁大家以我们天生就拥有的东西为豪，因此是take pride in。故选C。

13．考查固定短语辨析。句意：希望有一天，更多的女孩能学会接受自己，接受自己的长相，真正爱自己，不管她们是否符合传统的审美标准。A. on time按时；B. over time随着时间过去；C. ahead of time提前；D. in time过了一段时间，及时。根据前文说对美的定义在慢慢改善，以及上文“hopefully”

可知，希望迟早有一天，女孩子们会意识到外在的美其实没有内在美重要。迟早有一天或者最终应用in time。故选D。

14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：希望有一天，更多的女孩能学会接受自己，接受自己的长相，真正A. acquire获得；B. achieve实现；C. address解决；D. accept爱自己，不管她们是否符合传统的审美标准。接受。根据上文提到的作者希望大家不要被单一的美的定义所束缚，可知作者认为更多的女孩子能渐渐接受自己的身份和容貌，故选D。

15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：希望有一天，更多的女孩能学会接受自己，接受自己的长相，真正爱自己，不管她们是否符合传统的审美标准。A. live up to符合，不辜负；B. respond to响应；C. rise to上升到；D. make it成功。根据后文“the traditional standards of beauty”可知此处指符合（live up to）传统的审美标准。故选A。自主总结（词句篇）

【2020·福建期中】

In order to save the environment, everybody has a role to play. The perfect 16 of someone who knows this well enough is a 70-year-old grandmother, Pat Smith. 17 with bags, rubber gloves and a rubbish picker, she spent an entire year 18 rubbish and caring for 52 British beaches after she made it her 2018 New Year’s resolution to 19 one beach each week. She 20 spent her Christmas Day picking up plastic bottles on Trevone Beach.

During her year-long cleanup, Smith was often 21 by other volunteers, including her

grandchildren, who were determined to help her tidy up beach rubbish. However, some people often 22 Smith for doing community service, and to this, she said: “people don’t understand I’ve been doing this 23 . We should all take responsibility for picking up the rubbish as well as 24 we don’t drop rubbish in the first place.”

The environmentally conscious granny has no intention of 25 just because 2018 was over.

“Cleaning 52 beaches in 2018 was my New Year’s Resolution and it’s finally 26 , ”said Smith. “I won’t stop, as our beaches 27 me. I’m driven to try and protect our 28 for my children and grand children and I will 29 doing everything in my power to achieve that. I hope my efforts will help people be more 30 of their plastic consumption and recycling habits.” 16．A．example 17．A．Associated 18．A．recycling 19．A．explore 20．A．thus 21．A．joined 22．A．blame 23．A．voluntarily 24．A．declaring 25．A．escaping 26．A．canceled 27．A．impress 28．A．planet 29．A．enjoy 30．A．proud 【答案】

16．A17．B18．B19．C20．D 21．A22．D23．A24．C25．D 26．D27．C28．A29．B30．D 【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一位70岁的老奶奶为了拯救环境，坚持清理垃圾，并且将一直坚持下去。 16．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：最了解这一点的人的完美的例子是一位70岁的老奶奶Pat Smith。A. example例子；B. position位置；C. model模型；D. role角色。后文提到的“Armed with bags, rubber gloves

B．position B．Armed B．collecting B．decorate B．still B．recorded B．forgive B．secretly B．admitting B．disappearing B．found B．understand B．community B．continue B．curious

C．model C．Combined C．abandoning C．clean C．again C．admired C．admire C．frequently C．ensuring C．leaving C．obtained C．need C．continent C．recommend C．skeptical

D．role D．Rewarded D．trapping D．survey D．even D．interrupted D．mistake D．cautiously D．realizing D．stopping D．done D．trust D．energy D．imagine D．aware

and a rubbish picker,”Pat Smith带着垃圾袋、可知，橡胶手套和捡破烂机，因此，根据“In order to save the environment”可知，Pat Smith在拯救环境，所以作者这是在举一个最完美的例子。故选A。 17．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pat Smith带着垃圾袋、橡胶手套和捡破烂机，在她2018年的新年决心之后，她花了整整一年的时间来捡垃圾，并照顾52个英国海滩。A. Associated联系；B. Armed带着；C. Combined将……结合起来；D. Rewarded奖励。分析可知，armed with…武装/装备……，这里用比较形象的方式来描述Pat Smith当时的形象，她以这些东西来武装自己，故选B。 18．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pat Smith带着垃圾袋、橡胶手套和捡破烂机，在她2018年做了每周清理一片海滩的新年决心之后，她花了整整一年的时间来捡垃圾，并照顾52个英国海滩。A. recycling回收；B. collecting收集；C. abandoning遗弃；D. trapping追踪。根据“and caring for 52 British beaches”可知她在收集垃圾，故选B。 19．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pat Smith带着垃圾袋、橡胶手套和捡破烂机，在她2018年做了每周清理一片海滩的新年决心之后，她花了整整一年的时间来捡垃圾，并照顾52个英国海滩。A. explore探索；B. decorate装饰；C. clean打扫；D. survey服务。根据“ who were determined to help her tidy up beach rubbish. ”可知她决心每周清理一片海滩，故选C。 20．

考查副词词义辨析。句意：她甚至花费她整个圣诞节的时间都在Trevone 捡塑料瓶。A. thus因此；B. still仍然；C. again再；D. even甚至。分析可知，Pat Smith连圣诞节那天都还在捡垃圾，这种举动让人惊讶和敬佩，所以选择even，故选D。 21．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：在长达一年的清理工作中，其他志愿者经常加入Smith，包括她的孙子们也决定帮她清理海滩垃圾。A. joined加入；B. recorded记录；C. admired仰慕；D. interrupted打断。根据“including her grandchildren, who were determined to help her tidy up beach rubbish”可知，因为受到她的影响，所以别人也志愿加入了她的行列。故选A。 22．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，有些人认为史密斯做了社区服务。A. blame责怪；B. forgive原谅；C. admire仰慕；D. mistake误以为。根据“she said: “people don’t understand I’ve been doing this 8 ”可知她是志愿做这件事，而别人却误认为她在做社区服务。此处形成对比，

mistake…for把……误认为……，故选D。 23．

考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们不理解我一直在自愿做这件事。A. voluntarily自愿地；B. secretly悄悄地；C. frequently频繁地；D. cautiously小心翼翼地。根据“During her year-long cleanup, Smith was often 6 by other volunteers”可知她为了拯救环境，自愿清理海滩，故选A。 24．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都应该负起捡垃圾的责任，也要确保我们一开始就不扔垃圾。A. declaring阐明；B. admitting承认；C. ensuring确保；D. realizing意识到。根据“we don’t drop rubbish in the first place.”可知要确保我们一开始就不扔垃圾，故选C。 25．

A. escaping考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位有环保意识的老奶奶不会因为2018年的结束就打算停止。逃避；B. disappearing消失；C. leaving离开；D. stopping停止。根据“I won’t stop”可知这位老奶奶不会停止自己的自愿清扫海滩活动，故选D。 26．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年清理52个海滩是我的新年决心，现在终于快完成了。A. canceled取消；B. found发现；C. obtained获得； D. done完成。分析可知，这里的意思是她马上就要完成了New Year's Resolution（新年决心），故只有done符合题意，故选D。 27．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为沙滩需要我，所以我不会停止。A. impress留下印象；B. understand理解；C. need需要；D. trust信任。根据“I won’t stop”可知她不会停止，因为海滩需要自己，故选C。 28．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须努力为我们的孩子，我的子孙，保护我们的地球，我会尽我所能做到这一点。A. planet星球，这里指地球；B. community社区；C. continent；D. energy能源。她在清理垃圾保护环境，也就是保护这颗星球，故选A。 29．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我必须努力为我们的孩子，我的子孙，保护我们的地球，我会尽我所能做到这一点。A. enjoy享受；B. continue继续；C. recommend推荐；D. imagine想象。分析可知，她不会停下来，所以会继续做。continue doing sth.继续做……，符合题意，故选B。

30．

A. proud考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望我的努力能帮助人们意识到对塑料的消费和回收的习惯。骄傲的；B. curious好奇的；C. skeptical怀疑的；D. aware意识到的。这里指帮助人们也形成保护环境的意识，be aware of sth...意识到某事，符合题意，故选D。自主总结（词句篇）

【2020·上海中学月考】

You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recent study in the journal Royal Society Open Science.But that shouldn't stop you from 31 with pals who are down in the dumps,say the study authors: 32 ,the effect isn't large enough to push you into depression.

The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness-as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking,drinking,obesity,fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate-can 33 across social networks, both online and in real life.But while many 34 studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.

The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in 35 screenings(筛查） and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total,2,194 students were included in the 36 ,which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.

Overall,kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more 37 to report bad moods themselves- and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, 38 ,their moods were more likely to improve over time. Some symptoms related to depression-like helplessness,tiredness and loss of interest-also seemed to follow this 39 ,which scientists call “social contagion.”But this isn't something that people need to 40 ,says lead author Robert Eyre,a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it's likely just a “ 41 empathetic response that we're all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,\"he says. In other words,when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you'll feel some of their 42 ,and it's certainly not a reason to stay away. The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not 43 participants' risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,\" says Eyre,\"so a good course of action is simply to 44 them.\"To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both 45 -and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings,too.” 31．A．keeping up 32．A．Thankfully 33．A．increase 34．A．growing 35．A．depression 36．A．assessment 37．A．willing

B．making off B．Particularly B．generate B．previous B．anxiety B．examination B．reluctant

C．hanging out C．Hopefully C．delay C．real C．anger C．analysis C．able

D．getting away D．Totally D．spread D．large-scale D．friendship D．exercise D．likely

38．A．what's worse B．as a result 39．A．prediction 40．A．worry about 41．A．social 42．A．symptoms 43．A．eliminate 44．A．enlighten 45．A．enjoy 【答案】

31．C32．A33．D34．B35．A 36．C37．D38．C39．B40．A 41．B42．D43．C44．D45．A 【分析】

B．pattern B．look for B．normal B．responses B．conceal B．entertain B．understand

C．on the other hand D．in one word C．report C．rely on C．rough C．recognition C．increase C．empower C．advise

D．improvement D．put forward D．certain D．pain D．sugarcoat D．support D．permit

本文是一篇说明文。根据最近发表在《皇家学会开放科学》杂志上的一项研究，你实际上可以从你的朋友那里获得好心情或坏心情。但研究报告的作者说，这不应该阻止你和垂头丧气的朋友出去玩。值得庆幸的是，这种影响还没有大到把你推向抑郁的地步。越来越多的研究表明，快乐和悲伤——以及生活方式和行为因素，如吸烟、饮酒、肥胖、健身习惯，甚至集中注意力的能力——会在社交网络中传播，无论是在网上还是在现实生活中，这项研究是为数不多的测量社交和情绪随时间变化的研究之一。 31．

考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但研究报告的作者说，这不应该阻止你和垂头丧气的朋友出去玩。值得庆幸的是，这种影响还没有大到把你推向抑郁的地步。A.keeping up保持；B.making off逃走；离开；匆忙离开；C.hanging out闲逛；D.getting away离开；逃脱；出发。根据后文“…who are down in the dumps” 垂头丧气的朋友们。可知是不能阻止和垂头丧气的朋友一起出去玩。故答案为C 32．

考查副词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.Thankfully感谢地；B.Particularly特别地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Totally完全地。根据后文“the effect isn't large enough to push you into depression.” 这种影响还不足以让你陷入抑郁。可知这种影响还不足以让你陷入抑郁，是值得庆幸的。故答案为A。 33．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：行为因素如吸烟、饮酒、肥胖、健身习惯，甚至集中注意力的能力，都A.increase增加； B.generate产生；C.delay可以在社交网络中传播，无论是在网上还是在现实生活中。推迟；D.spread增加。根据常识可知，行为因素如吸烟、饮酒、肥胖、健身习惯，甚至集中注意力的能力，都可以在社交网络中传播的。故答案为D。 34．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管之前的许多研究都只是在某个时间点上查看友情数据，但这项研A.growing增加的；B.previous之前的；C.real究是为数不多的测量社交和情绪随时间变化的研究之一。

D.large-scale大规模地。真的；根据后文“The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in 5 screenings(筛查） and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study.” 这项新研究的对象是一些初高中学生，他们参加了抑郁症筛查，并回答了有关他们最好朋友的问题，其中许多人也参与了这项研究。此处“new”和上文的“previous”翻反义对应。故答案为B。 35．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项新研究的对象是一些初高中学生，他们参加了抑郁症筛查，并回答

了有关他们最好朋友的问题，其中许多人也参与了这项研究。A.depression沮丧、忧郁；B.anxiety焦虑；C.anger生气地；D. friendship友谊。根据下文的“The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not 13 participants' risk of becoming depressed themselves. ”得知这是在做抑郁症筛查。故答案为A。 36．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：共有2194名学生参与了这项评估，该评估使用了一个数学模型来寻找好友网络之间的联系。 A. assessment评估；B. examination考试；C. analysis分析；D. exercise练习。根据后文“which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.” 它使用一个数学模型来寻找好友网络之间的联系。可知在研究当中是用使用一个数学模型来评估寻找好友网络之间的联系。故选C。 37．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，如果孩子的朋友心情不好，那么他们自己也更有可能心情不好。 A.willing愿意的；B.reluctant不情愿的；C.able有能力的；D.likely可能的。根据后文“…and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. ” 当他们在6个月到一年后再次接受检查时，改善的可能性更小。可知如果孩子的朋友心情不好，那么他们自己也更有可能心情不好。此处均表示研究的结果，故用be likely to do…（可能做某事）表示可能性。故答案为D。 38．

考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：另一方面，当人们有更多快乐的朋友时，他们的情绪更有可能随着时间的推移而改善。A.what's worse更糟糕的是；B.as a result结果；C.on the other hand另一方面；D.in one word总之。根据上文“Overall,kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more likely to report bad moods themselves- and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, on the other hand ,their moods were more likely to improve over time. ” 总的来说，那些朋友心情不好的孩子更有可能报告自己心情不好——而且当他们在6个月到一年后再次接受检查时，改善的可能性更小。另一方面，当人们有更多快乐的朋友时，他们的情绪更有可能随着时间的推移而改善。可知此处为研究结果的两个方面。故答案为C。 39．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些与抑郁相关的症状——比如无助、疲倦和兴趣的丧失——似乎也遵A.prediction预测；B.pattern模式；C.report报告；D.improvement循这种模式，科学家称之为社会传染。

提高。根据后文“…which scientists call “social contagion.”” 科学家称之为社会传染。此处非限性定语从句当中which指代设空处，“social contagion”（社会传染）是指的是模式。故答案为B。 40．

考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但这不是人们需要担心的事情，该研究的主要作者，华威大学的博士生罗伯特·爱说。A.worry about担忧；B.look for寻找；C.rely on依靠；D.put forward提出。根据后文“相反，它可能只是一种我们都熟悉的同理心反应，是我们通过很熟悉的东西。” 可知它可能只是一种我们都熟悉的同理心反应，是不需要担心的。故答案为A。 41．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，它可能只是一种我们都熟悉的同理心反应，是我们通过很熟悉A.social社会的；B.normal正常的；C.rough粗略的；D.certain特定的。的东西。根据后文“…that we're all familiar with”这是我们都很熟悉的。可知是常见的。故答案为B。 42．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，当朋友遇到困难时，你会感受到他们的一些痛苦，这是合理的，这当然不是远离他们的理由。A.symptoms症状；B.responses回应；C.recognition识别；D.pain痛苦。根据上文“…In other words,when a friend is going through a rough patch,…”换句话说，当一个朋友遇到困难的时候。可知当朋友遇到困难的时候，你会感受到他们的痛苦。故答案为D。 43．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究还发现，有临床诊断为抑郁症的朋友并不会增加参与者自己患上抑郁症的风险。A.eliminate消除；B.conceal隐藏；C.increase增加；D.sugarcoat粉饰。根据后文“\"Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,\" says Eyre,” 你的朋友不会把你置于疾病的危险之中，”艾尔说。可知有临床诊断为抑郁症的朋友并不会增加参与者自己患上抑郁症的风险。故答案为C。 44．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以一个好的做法就是支持他们。A.enlighten启蒙、启发；B.entertain娱乐、交代；C.empower授权；D.support支持。根据后文“To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both 15 -and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings,too.”” 为了提升你们的情绪，他建议大家一起做一些你们都喜欢的事情——也可以带着其他的朋友一起来进一步传播这些美好的感觉。可知做这些事情是来支持朋友的。故选D。 45．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了提升你们的情绪，他建议大家一起做一些你们都喜欢的事情——也可以带着其他的朋友一起来进一步传播这些美好的感觉。可知做这些事情是来支持朋友的。A.enjoy

欣赏；B.understand理解；C.advise建议；D.permit允许。根据上文“To boost both of your moods,” 为了提升你们的情绪。可知是大家一起做一些你们都喜欢的事情。故答案为A。自主总结（词句篇）

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2021年高考英语完形填空话题分类训练 专题11社会现象(真题+新题)(解析版)

2021年高考英语完形填空话题分类训练专题11社会现象(真题+新题)(解析版)