(总分：118.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)
1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）
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2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic The importance of being modest. You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. （分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Modesty is not self-abasement; instead, it is a kind of self-confidence accumulated bit by bit in daily life; modesty is not mediocrity; instead, it is a down-to-earth and poised attitude. In contrast, there are numerous people who are unwilling to be as modest as a seed. In contemporary society, the difficulty to find decent jobs for college students has been an attention-grabbing issue. Let alone the social and economic factors, in terms of the outlook of vocational selection, many college students are self-assured for having college diplomas, with the hope of finding decent jobs once and for all, and regard the grass-roots work as beneath their dignity, consequently they'll fetch up nowhere. Due to their not being reconciled to be buried temporarily, a fag end awaits them; due to the lack of a modest attitude towards life, they'll get further and further from their dreams. Only with a modest and humble attitude can we have a better understanding of ourselves and lay a solid foundation for our future. Only with a modest and humble attitude can we surpass ourselves and shorten the distance between our dreams and hearts.) 解析：
二、 Listening Comprehension(总题数：11，分数：50.00)
3.Part II Listening Comprehension
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 4.Section A
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（分数：8.00）
A.Going home from school. B.Waiting for Lori.
C.Doing his English assignments. D.Waiting to see Professor John. √
解析：解析：对话开头Lori问chuck，你是在等教授吗?回答是肯定的，由此可知，Chuck在等教授。 A.She is the professor's daughter.
B.She has just come out of an interview for the job. C.She herself did the job before. √
D.She is a part-time secretary to the professor.
解析：解析：Chuck问Lori，以前做过助教吗?她回答她以前从事过这方面的工作。 A.It is very good. √ B.It should be higher.
C.It varies according to the person's experience.
D.It is the same as the post office pays.
解析：解析：根据Lori的介绍可知，做助教每小时有9美元，比在校邮局工作还要高3美元。由此可知，助教的薪水很高。
A.He is afraid that his chance of getting the job is slim. B.He wonders whether he can have enough time to do the job. √ C.He fears that the job will be too hard for him. D.He fears that the job will be too boring. 解析：解析：对话结束时，Chuck表达了担心时间问题。 （分数：8.00）
A.In the newspaper. √ B.On the TV.
C.From her colleague. D.From the radio.
解析：解析：本题考查得到信息的媒介。对话开头女士说她读到了关于一种新的健康小食的文章。四个选项中，只有A)“在报纸上”符合题意。 A.Tomato, cheese, or apple. B.Water, cheese, or chocolate. C.Tomato, cheese, or chocolate. √ D.Tomato, apple, or cheese.
解析：解析：本题考查哪种调料可以被加入这种小吃。对话中提到了tomato，cheese和chocolate。 A.The fish. B.The sugar. C.The cheese. D.The flour. √
解析：解析：本题考查原料。对话中提到该健康小食是把鱼切碎后，加入调味剂给面粉一些品味。只有这样，才能尝到美味。
A.When all materials are prepared. B.When the shop is open for business. C.After a couple of years. √ D.After several months.
解析：解析：本题考查该小食的上市时间。对话结尾提到该小食还得一两年才能上市。 5.Section B
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
（分数：6.00）
A.Enjoying strong feelings and emotions. √ B.Defying all dangers when they have to. C.Being fond of making sensational news. D.Dreaming of becoming famous one day.
解析：解析：文章开头指出：冒险者之间的一个共同的特征就是他们享受强烈的感情或感觉。故答案为选项A)。
A.Working in an emergency room. B.Watching horror movies. C.Listening to rock music. D.Doing daily routines. √
解析：解析：本题考查细节。对他们来说，每天重复同样的事情很无聊。故正确答案为选项1D)。 A.A rock climber. B.A psychologist. √ C.A resident doctor.
D.A career consultant.
解析：解析：短文开头作者说：作为心理学家，我们需要问自己……故正确答案为选项B)。 （分数：8.00） A.Ray Kroc.
B.Two McDonald brothers. √ C.A 56-year-old businessman. D.A man from the McDonald family.
解析：解析：本题考查任务对象。由文章可知麦当劳的创始人为McDonald兄弟，故正确答案为B)。 A.Customers can get the same food at any McDonald's in any state or country. B.The employees are helpful and polite. C.The food tastes like home-made. √ D.The table and floors are clean.
解析：解析：本题考查细节。文章提到麦当劳受欢迎的三个因素，即食物相同、员工友善和环境清洁。 A.The hamburgers. B.The sandwiches. C.The milk shakes. D.The French fries. √
解析：解析：本题考查细节。文章指出法国薯条可能是最受欢迎的食物。 A.2.7 million dollars. B.6.7 million dollars.
C.About 7 million dollars. √ D.About 8 million dollars.
解析：解析：本题考查数字。短文中提到同年，麦当劳公司赚得大约700万美元。故正确答案为C)。 6.Section C
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
（分数：8.00）
A.Factors that affect successful crocodile communication. √ B.Some reasons for crocodile vocalizations.
C.Ways that newborn crocodiles learn to communicate. D.Reasons why crocodile vocalization is difficult to study.
解析：解析：文章提到“In fact，crocodiles interact with each other in a variety of ways．”由此可知教授是想要讲述关于鳄鱼互动的一些方式。所以答案为A)。 A.To frighten other male alligators. √ B.To attract mates. C.To locate hatchlings. D.To threaten females.
解析：解析：由“This sends a strong，go-away message to the other males．”可知其中一个功能是恐吓其他男性短吻鳄。所以答案为A)。 A.To reassure her that they are safe.
B.To signal that they are ready to follow her. C.To make sure she does not forget them. √
D.To indicate that they need to be relocated to a larger nest.
解析：解析：由“While she is taking one load of hatchlings，the others wait for her to come back．”可知目的是为了确保她不会忘记他们，所以答案为C)。
A.He is concerned about the accuracy of some of the information the experts provided. √ B.He is hopeful that the class will be able to discuss it.
C.He thinks it was overly critical of some recent theories about crocodiles. D.He is surprised that it did not include more examples of crocodile communication.
解析：解析：由“I heard some great examples of this on the television program on crocodiles last week．Anyone caught it? It had a few interesting bits．But you know，uh，you have to be careful，think critically．Sometimes I don’t know where these shows find their experts．”可知教授还是担心这些信息的准确性。所以答案为A)。 （分数：6.00） A.In America.
B.In the Center of America. C.In South America. D.In North America. √
解析：解析：由“all those giant creatures，the Metgauna of North America were gone．”可知猛犸象消失之前生活在北美。所以答案为D)。
A.To present evidence that supports the hunting theory. √
B.To present evidence that mammoths migrated southward to avoid cold winters. C.To point out that mammoth bones are usually found near human debris.
D.To demonstrate that large animals were able to survive in a variety of habitats. 解析：解析：由“One theory is that they were hunted to extinction by humans．”可知教授提到这个是为了提出后面的狩猎理论。所以答案为A)。
A.Their excessive hunting of mammoths was responsible for the extinction of these animals. B.Their lack of tools for processing meat contradicts the hunting theory.
C.They were less accomplished at hunting mammoths than the hunting theory suggests. √ D.They were probably too afraid of large animals.
解析：解析：由“So I think it is quite likely that those thirteen mammoths in Southern California also died of natural causes，and that the Clovis people simply took advantage of the situation．”教授认为克洛维斯人只是利用了形势，所以答案为C)。 （分数：6.00）
A.To give an example of a discovery that was unexpected. B.To illustrate the consequences of intense volcanic activity. C.To question a theory about the origin of shield volcanoes.
D.To suggest an explanation for why Venus does not have moving tectonic plates. √ 解析：解析：由“Here on Earth，moving tectonic plates aye a major geological element，just crucial for the whole surface dynamic，right?”在地球上，移动构造板块是地球上有水存在的一个主要的地质因素。而金星上没水的原因可能就是因为它没有移动的构造板块。所以答案为D)。 A.Gases released as a result of volcanic activity. √ B.Chemical reactions caused by high surface temperatures. C.Bursts of radio energy from the plane's surface. D.Strong winds that blow dust into the atmosphere.
解析：解析：由“It’s quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions，because volcanic eruptions often emit gases．”可知是由于火山爆发放出气体。所以答案为A)。 A.The theory has recently been proved by direct observation. B.At least two kinds of evidence support the theory. √ C.The data collected so far about the theory are contradictory. D.New findings have made the theory quite unlikely.
解析：解析：由“So this two suggests ongoing volcanic activity．”可知教授认为至少有两点可以肯定维纳斯火山仍然在活动这个理论，所以答案为B)。
三、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：8，分数：60.00)
7.Part III Reading Comprehension
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 8.Section A
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
Many workers who worked in the World Trade Center after the September eleventh attacks became sick. They breathed a mix of dust, smoke and chemicals in the ruins of the Twin Towers and a third building that fell. Some went clays without good protection for their 1. Five years later, many of the thousands who worked at Ground Zero in the early days after the attacks still have health problems. Doctors at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City have 2the results of the largest study of these workers. The study 3high rates of breathing problems in members of the building traders, firefighters, police officers and other workers. Almost seventy percent of the workers in the study had a new or worsened breathing problem. These problems developed during or after their time working in the mountain of 4. About sixty percent still had breathing problems at the time of their 5. The researchers say they decided to study the effects on breathing first because other disorders might be slower to appear. Mount Sinai says it tested almost twelve thousand people between two thousand two and two thousand four. Eight out of ten of them agreed to have their results used in the report. The new results added strength to a Mount Sinai study released in two thousand four. That study was based on only about one thousand workers. Some lawmakers have 6criticized city and state officials for letting workers labor at Ground Zero without 7equipment. Officials have also been 8for saying the air was relatively safe. State and federal 9have promised more than fifty million dollars to pay for 10of the workers. Doctor Robin Herbert is one of the directors of the Mount Sinai testing program. She says people are still coming to the hospital for treatment of problems that were caused by the dust at Ground Zero. In her words:\" My worry is that money will be gone in a year, and what happens then?\"A) wreckage B) criticized C) commented D) lungs E) treatment F) body G) examination H) announced I) promised J) confirmed K) workers L) sharply M) satisfactory N) rubbish O) officials （分数：20.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：H） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：J） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：G） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：L） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：M） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：O） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）
解析：解析：此处应填入一个名词，此处句子的意思为“州及联邦政府许诺提供5千多万美元来支付工人的 ---|||________|||---费用”。E项treatment的含义是“治疗”，符合题意。 10.Section B
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Animals on the MoveA) It looked like a scene from \"Jaws\" but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock. Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark's skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.B) Moving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals. Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use
locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking. Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks' movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.C) Skin Is the KeyThe biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal's high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.D) The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body's back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark's body snaps back the other way. As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal's body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.E) Source of EnergyWhat causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark's similarity to a belted radial tire doesn't stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark's collagen \"radials\". Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.F) When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place. The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored. This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.G) Dolphin Has Speed RecordAnother fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal's efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin's skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.H) In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water. The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin's folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.I) Other Animals Less EfficientNot all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy. J) Scientists say that because of the slug's inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced
to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?（分数：20.00）
(1).A dolphin's skin enables it to pass through with little resistance to the water flowing over it.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：G）
解析：解析：句意题。根据题目中的dolphin定位到G)段第四句：A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it．本题目是对该定位句的同义转述。
(2).A shark finds its prey by feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）
解析：解析：转换题。根据题目中的shark和vibrations定位到A)段第三句：Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish．原句中的“fish”被替换成了“prey”。
(3).According to the scientists, when bending its body in swimming, the shark stretches its collagen fibers to the greatest extent.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：D）
解析：解析：转换题。根据题目中的shark和collagen fibers定位到D)段第一句：The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming．原句中的“greatest”被替换成了“to the greatest extent”。
(4).Animals are restricted to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：J）
解析：解析：转换题。根据题目中的proper living conditions定位到J)段第二句：That is，the animals ale forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions．原句中的“confine themselves to”被替换成了“are restricted to”。
(5).Automobiles, rockets, and submarines exemplify that human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：B）
解析：解析：定位题。根据题目中的Automobiles，rockets，and submarines定位到B)段第六句：Automobiles，rockets，and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon．本题目是对该定位句的同义转述。
(6).Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel 12 times as long as a slug.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：I）
解析：解析：定位题。根据题目中的mouse定位到I)段最后一句：It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy．原句中的“one twelfth”被替换成了“12 times”。
(7).Dolphin wouldn't be bothered by turbulent water at rapid speeds like other animals.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：H）
解析：解析：句意题。根据题目中的Dolphin和turbulent water定位到H)段最后一句：Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds，the dolphin can race through the water；at record breaking speeds．原句中的“be slowed by”被替换成了“be bothered”。
(8).One of the main reasons why sharks are such effective predators is their skin.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C）
解析：解析：定位题。根据题目中的sharks和effective predators定位到C)段第一句：The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water．原句中的“the key to”被替换成了“main reason”。
(9).Sharks are a notable example of fish that depend on locomotion to survive.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：B）
解析：解析：转换题。根据题目中的sharks和locomotion定位到B)段倒数第五、六句：One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark．Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists．原句中的“successful”被替换成了“notable”。 (10).The area just under the shark's collagen fibers is similar to a belted radial tire because it is also inflated by pressure.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E）
解析：解析：转换题。根据题目中的collagen fibers和belted radial tire定位到E)段第三句：Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure，so，too，is the area just under the shark’s collagen“radials”．原句中的“just as”被替换成了“is similar to”。 11.Section C
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except \"I'm letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling. \"Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, \"This step has to be fixed before I'll buy.\" The owner says, \"It's been like that for years.\" Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is; \"I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can't you?\" The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situations, and how it was said. When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend's unusually docile(温顺的) behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says \"No!\" to a serials of charges like \"You're dumb. \" , \"You're lazy. \" and \"You're dishonest. \" may also say \"No!\" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is \" And you're good looking. \" We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words \"It sure has been nice to have you over.\" can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.（分数：10.00）
(1).It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that_________.（分数：2.00） A.sometimes people speak insincerely
B.we don't need to pay much attention to words C.implications are key to effective communication √
D.people lie when they are reluctant to shoulder responsibilities
解析：解析：推理题。根据题干锁定文章第一段。文中讲过于依靠词语本身会阻碍交际的有效性，我们需借助很多其他信息来源，比如说话人、说话时间、所处场景以及表达方式来领会话语的真正含义。所以正确答案是C。
(2).Based on the context, the phase \"let off steam\" in Line 6, Paragraph 1 means_________.（分数：2.00）
A.to reduce pressure √ B.to lose temper C.to draw attention D.to pass time
解析：解析：词汇细节题。根据题干锁定文章第一段。let off steam与“只是想让你注意我的感受”相近，与“关注话语本身”相反，所以不是“引起注意”的意思，排除C；也并非仅仅发发脾气，排除B。根据上下文推断这个人此时感觉有压力、生活不舒心。所以正确答案是A。
(3).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is the most adequate for the two couples' example?（分数：2.00）
A.Different orderings brought about distinct outcomes.
B.Frequency is inappropriate as a factor to measure the relationship. C.The first couple has better relationship than the second one.
D.We need to see through the appearance to get a thorough understanding. √
解析：解析：细节题。根据题干锁定文章第二段。从表面上看，这两对夫妻亲吻和吵架的次数是完全一样的。看似行为一致，其实内在关系却并非如此。所以最贴切的说法是D。
(4).Why did the person in Line 7, Paragraph 2 make the same response to both criticism and praise?（分数：2.00）
A.He wanted to sound more assertive. √ B.He had formed a set pattern of behavior. C.He tended to be modest. D.He didn't trust others' words.
解析：解析：细节题。根据题干锁定文章第二段。一个人对截然不同的评价作出相同的反应，目的在于形成一种断然的说话方式，更令人信服。因此正确答案是A。
(5).According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00） A.The tone of speaking always implies the speaker's real intention. B.The more we talk about one thing, the more important it becomes. √ C.Sometimes invitation is a way of greeting.
D.The frequency of referring to a word may change its connotation.
解析：解析：细节题。根据题干锁定文章第三段。文章最后作者提及，“有时候，我们提到一件事的次数并不多，这件事情却可能很重要；有时候我们反复提到的事情却并不重要”，次数和重要性不一定成正比，所以正确答案是B。
There is, writes Daniele Fanelli in a recent issue of Nature, something rotten in the state of scientific research—an epidemic of false, biased, and falsified findings where \"only the most egregious cases of misconduct are discovered and punished. \"Fanelli is a leading thinker in an increasingly alarming field of scientific research: one that seeks to find out why it is that so many scientific researches turn out to be wrong. For a long time the focus has either been on industry funding as a source of bias, particularly in drug research, or on those who deliberately commit fraud, such as the spectacular case of Diederik Stapel, a Dutch social psychologist who was found to have fabricated at least 55 research papers over 20 years. But an increasing number of studies have shown that flawed research is a much wider phenomenon, especially in the biomedical sciences. Indeed, the investigation into Stapel also blamed a \"sloppy\" research culture that often ignored inconvenient data and misunderstood important statistical methods. \"There's little question that the scientific literature is awash (充斥着) in false findings—findings that if you try to replicate you'll probably never succeed or at least find them to be different from what was initially said,\" says Fanelli. \" But people don't appreciate that this is not because scientists are manipulating these results, consciously or unconsciously; it's largely because we have a system that favors statistical flukes (侥幸) instead of replicable findings. \" This
is why, he says, we need to extend the idea of academic misconduct (currently limited to fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism) to \"distorted reporting\"—the failure to communicate all the information someone would need to validate your findings. Right now, he says, we're missing all the \"unconscious biases , the systemic biases, the practices, mistakes, and problems that hardly ever count as cheating\" , even though they have a very important—and probably the largest—effect on creating technically false results in the literature. One particularly challenging bias is that academic journals tend to publish only positive results. As Isabelle Boutron, a professor of epidemiology at Rene Descartes University in Paris, points out, studies have shown that peer reviewers are influenced by trial results; one study showed that they not only favored a paper showing a positive effect over a near-identical paper showing no effect, they also gave the positive paper higher scores for its scientific methods. And Boutron has herself found extensive evidence of scientists spinning their findings to claim benefits that their actual results didn't quite support. \"We need a major cultural change,\" says Fanelli. \"But when you think that, even 20 years ago, these issues were practically never discussed, I think we're making considerable progress. \"（分数：10.00）
(1).Which of the following is true about Fanelli's article in Nature？（分数：2.00） A.Some minor academic cheatings are allowed.
B.There are too many scientific research scandals to be reported. √ C.The outcomes of scientific research are unreliable. D.It is inevitable to seek quick success.
解析：解析：细节题。根据题干锁定文章第一段。文中指出上报的虚假科研发现都是情形最恶劣的，而这些在科研领域已经屡见不鲜。因此正确答案选B。
(2).What does the underlined word \"egregious\" in Line 2, Paragraph 1 mean?（分数：2.00） A.Obvious. B.Productive. C.Feasible. D.Conspicuous. √
解析：解析：词汇细节题。根据上下文可推断，在所有虚假、偏颇和伪造的研究中，能上报的都是情节最恶劣的、最引人关注的。所以正确答案选D。
(3).The example of Diederik Stapel is used to_________.（分数：2.00） A.prove the severe phenomenon of academic misconduct √ B.call for relevant punishment
C.show that it is easy to commit academic fraud in social psychology D.prove that the professor is unworthy of the title
解析：解析：细节题。根据题干中的Diederik Stapel锁定文章第二段。文章以戴德里克·斯塔佩尔大案为例，通过具体数据证明研究论文造假现象的猖獗。B、C、D都不符合题意，故答案选A。
(4).It can be inferred from what Isabelle Boutron has pointed out that _________.（分数：2.00） A.the result is more important than the research itself B.it is false to fish for fame
C.more funds and personnel will go to a research with positive results √ D.the research with no result is of no value
解析：解析：推断题。根据题干中的Isabelle Boutron锁定文章第五段。文中指出取得积极效果的研究所受到的推崇和评价比没有结果的高，因此推断前者能吸引更多人员和资金。
(5).According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00） A.Academic misconduct is limited on industry funding and academic fraud.
B.Conscious manipulation of scientists is to blame for the increasingly false findings. C.Positive research findings won't bring about fame for scientists. D.Fanelli still feels confident about the prospect. √
解析：解析：细节题。文章最后法内利坦青虽然我们需要文化大改革，但是总体而言进步很大，说明他对前景还是很乐观的。
四、 Translation(总题数：2，分数：4.00)
12.Part Ⅳ Translation（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
13.“网络红人”是指在现实或者网络生活中因为某个事件或者某个行为而被网民关注从而走红的人。他们的走红皆因为自身的某种特质在网络作用下被放大，与网民的审美、审丑、娱乐、刺激、偷窥、臆想以及看客等心理相契合，有意或无意间受到网络世界的追捧，成为“网络红人”。因此，“网络红人”的产生不是自发的，而是网络媒介环境下，网络红人、网络推手、传统媒体以及受众心理需求等利益共同体综合作用下的结果。 （分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Web celebrity refers to the people who, in real or virtual world, due to a specific event or behavior, receive attention from multitudes of netizens. They have their moments all because their particular qualities are amplified by the internet, coincidently according with the netizens' beauty appreciation and ugliness appreciation, entertainment, excitement, snooping, surmise and spectators psychology, intentionally or unintentionally becoming popular with the internet world. Therefore, the web celebrity is not spontaneous but the result of comprehensive function of the community of interests of web celebrity, internet marketers, traditional media and the audience's psychological needs in the big environment of the internet media.) 解析：
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