“情态动词+have done”用法一览表 情态动词+have done Must done 用法 例句 It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy. 昨天一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞。 ①You must have caught the bus if you had got up earlier. 如果你早一点儿起床的话，你准能赶上那一班公共汽车了。(事实上没有赶上公共汽车) ②He must have won the game if he had been careful enough. 如果他足够细心的话，他准能赢得比赛。. have 表示对过去事实有把握的推测，具有较大的可能性。只用于肯定句中，想必/准是/一定做了 否定式can’t/couldn’t +have done 2.用于虚拟语气中时，表示与过去事实相反。 Can/could have 对过去事实的推测，常用于否定句和疑问句 ①He can't /couldn't have watched TV done yesterday for he knew they would have an 1．本来能够做 2． 过去可能会做 exam.昨天他不可能看电视，因为他知道快要考试了。 ②Given more time, we could have done the work better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们完全可以把这项工作干得更好。 Can he have gone to his aunt’s? 他有可能去他姨妈家了吗？ Cannnot/could not have done May/might have done 1. 过去不可能做 2．过去没能够做 1． 表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测，常译为“可能已经”，一般只用于肯定句或否定句中(在否定中表示“可能不”)，不用于疑问句，用might则表示语气更加弱 He cannot have forgotten it. 他不可能忘了那件事。 It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed.太晚了,我想他或许已经睡了。 ③He may not have finished the work.他也许还没完成那项工作。 ①They might have taken a later train. 也许他们乘坐的是晚一点儿的火车。 ②He seems to know the city quite well. He may have been there before. 他似乎对那个城市很熟悉，他以前可能去过那儿。 ①You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本来应该给他更多的帮助，虽然你很忙。 ②The proposal might have been refused. 这个建议本该拒绝的。 You ought to have done this exercise nore carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。 2.表示“本应该或可以做但没有做某事”，含有轻微的责备口吻或遗憾。 Should 表对过去发生动作的遗憾或责备 可用于肯/ought to have 定句、否定句和疑问句。本该做而实际上未done 做 表示期待或推测 ①If the flight was on time, you should / ought to have arrived in Shanghai early this morning. 如果航班准点的话，你今早就能到上海了。 ②The building should / ought to have been completed by the end of the week.这幢建筑物本周末前应该能完工。 Should 本不该做而做了 not/ought not to have done needn’t done You shouldn’t hace told her the truth.你本不该告诉她。 have 用于对过去的责备，表示”本不必做而做了” You needn’t have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. 你本来不必打车来这里的，因为离我家很近。 注意： 如表示“过去不必做也没有做”之意，It is not cold today. I didn't need to take the 需用didn't need to do。 thick sweaters out. 今天天气不冷，我没有必要把厚毛衣拿出来。(实际上也没拿) had better have 当时最好做了(其否定式had better not have You had better not have scolded her.要是那done done表达相反的含义) 时你没责备好就好了。 would rather 宁愿当时做了(其否定式would rather not I raised obejctions at the meeting,but now I have done have done表达相反含义，两者都表示“后would rather not have done that.我在会上悔”之意) 提出了反对意见,但现在我宁愿没那么做。 would like/love 过去愿意做但未做成 to have done I would lov to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.昨晚我本来很想去参加聚会的，但我得加班完成一个报告。 ①I would have been happy to see him, but I didn't have time. 我会很高兴和他见面的，但我没时间见他。 ②If your father had still been alive, he would have felt very proud of you. 你父亲如果还健在的话，他会为你骄傲的。 would+have done 表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果。
(12北京) we the diffculty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A.should face B. might face C.could have faced D.must hae faced
情态动词的其他用法
1. Cannot but+do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”
I could not but admit that he was right and I was wrong. 我不得不承认他是对了，我错了。 注意：表示“不得不/只好做某事”的其他句型： Can’t help but do Can’t choose but do Can do nothing but do Have no choice but to do
