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武功山国家森林公园生态系统服务功能价值评估

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第8卷第20期2008年1O月 科学技术与工程 @VoI_8 No.20 0ct.2008 1671-・1819(2008)20・・5652・・05 Science Technology and Engineering 2008 Sci.Tech.Engng. 武功山国家森林公园生态系统服务 功能价值评估 张毅川 齐安国 (河南科技学院园林学院,新乡453003) 摘要采用定量方法评估武功山国家森林公园的生态系统服务功能价值,为武功山国家森林公园建设提供依据。武功山 国家森林公园生态系统服务功能的总价值每年达26.954×10。元。在各类服务功能价值中,调蓄功能最高,占生态系统服务 价值总值的33.4%,其次是涵养水源价值,占总价值的25.3%,水源供给价值和固碳释氧价值也较高。说明武功山国家森林 公园主要的作用表现为水资源保护和调节大气。在武功山国家森林公园生态系统服务价值中,直接经济价值为3.48×10。 元,间接经济价值为23.474×10 元,是直接经济价值的6.75倍,应该在保护好现有良好生态环境的前提下发展生态旅游,促 进公园可持续发展。 关键词森林公园 生态系统 服务功能价值 评估 武功山国家 中图法分类号P343; 文献标志码A Forest park serves as an important public place for people to return to nature and relax to their hearts’con— tent.Many forests have been developed into forest ervoir(the lrgesat one in Jiangxi province)takes 42 700 hm2 as water—collecting area and 1 150 hm2 as wa- ter surface area,impoundment registering 1.74× parks to enrich people’S cultural life and yield good e— conomic retums.However,in this process,ecological environment destruction hasn’t been completely avoided and meanwhile relevant damage has been caused in such an indirect way that it failed to draw enough at— tention.So it entails to evaluate the ecosystem rune— tions of forest parks and set standard for their develop— ment programs. 10。m . There are great diferences among the forests be— cause of the variation in the geographical position and the conditions of climate,soil and precipitation.Zhao Tongqian,Ouyang Zhiyun,et a1.has evaluated the forest ecosystem services value in China in detail,and the vegetation in China was classified into 10 types. They have obtained precise data by studying on every Wugongshan National Forest Park(WNFP)is lo— cated in Anfu town.at longitude 114。04 一114。28 east and latitude 27。16 一27。34 north.with Wugong— shan Mountains as mainline,it covers a total area of type.The vegetation of the WNFP belongs to subtopir— cal everreen brgoadleaved forest.The appropriate eval— uation methods were used in the diferent ecosystem 25 467 hm including 20 682 hm of woodland,forest coverage rate marking 85.5%.Its Tenglong Lake res一 services l J(Table 1).At lst,tahe totla ecosystem 2008年7月7日收到 河南科技学院重点科研项目基金(040132) 资助 services value 0f the WNFP was calculated. 第一作者简介:张毅川(1978一),男,硕士,研究方向:景观规划设 计。 20期 张毅川,等:武功山国家森林公园生态系统服务功能价值评估 Table 1 The ecosystem services of the WNFP and the evaluation methods 5653 1.1 Direct economic value fall interception of the WNFP was 6.83×10 Yuan. 1.2.2 Value of water purification function e direct economic value was recreation value. because the forest park was under strict protection.In 2005,the direct tourist income from the forest park in By the research of Zhao Jingzhu[ ,the water quality which was under the protection of the water re— source conservation forest can reach to the drinking wa— China was 83×10。yuanand the comprehensive ben— ,efit was 750×10 yuan.The comprehensive recreation value of the WNFP was 1.4ll×10 yuan.as the area was 0.17 the total forest park area in China. 1.2 Indirect economic value ter standard.The value of water purification of the WNFP was 1.32×10 yuan,as the puri ̄ing cost of he unitt volume of water was 1 yuan/m . 1.2.3 Value ofwater supply 1.2.1 Value of water source conservation function The value of water source conservation is calculat— Impoundment registering 1.74×10 m multiplied by supply price of 2 yuan/m ,total value of water supply equals 3.48×10。yuan. ed as follows:W=(R— )A=0 R A.Where W is tl1e annual amount of water conservation(m /a),R is he annuatl average rainfall(mm/a),A is the research area(hm ),E is the annual average evapotranspira— tion(mm/a), is the runoff coeficifent.In WNFP, the water source conservation area of the forest park is 2.068×10 hm .the annual average rainfall is 1.2.4 Value of ifxing CO2 and making O2 function Based on the net primary production(NPP)data of the forest ecosystem,the content of fixed CO2 and released O2 was calculated by the photosynthesis equa- tion.The cost of fixing CO2 and making O2 was 260.9 yuan/t and 400 yuan/t.By the statistical data,the 1 600 mm,and the annual average evapotranspiration is 6O%0f t}le rainfall in the forest.So that.the NPP of the unit forest was 5.732 t/(hm .a),and the total NPP of the WNFP was 35.72×10 t.The annual total content of fixed CO2 and released O2 of the WNFP was individually 58.16×10 t and 45.76×10 t.They amount of water source conservation of the forest park was 1.32×10 m .As the cost of the unit storage ca— pacity was 5.171 4 yuan/m ,the value of annual rain— were calculated by the photosynthesis equation and the 5654 科学技术与工程 8卷 NPP calculation results.By the reforestation cost meth— od,the ecological economic value of fixing CO2 and making O2 of he tforest park ecosystem was respectively 1.52 x 10 yuan and 1.83 x 10 yuan.and the total value was 3.35 x 10。yuan. he contTent of N,P and K in soil was respectively 0.88 g/kg,0.4 g/kg and 9.83 g/kg,and the totla content was 11.11 g/kg .The forest park can reduce the amount of soil loss by 159 x 10 t.The amount of reduced losing N,P,K and organic matter was 1.2.5 Value of soil conservation function The amount of materil ias calculated as follows: Al=A +A。.Where Al is the amount of soil conserva- tion of he ftorest ecosystem,A and A。is respectively he amountt of soil conservation in the water and wind erosion area.The amount of soil conservation of tem— 1.77×10 t.By the present market price f2 549 yuan/t)of the fertilizer,the value of nutrient loss which was reduced by the WNFP was 0.45 x 10 yuan. 1.2.7 Value of air purification function The environmental function of the forest ecosystem includes pollutants absorption,dust reduction,patho- gen controlling and noise reduction.The content of perate and subtropical deciduous broadleaved forest, by water and wind erosion resisting,was individually SO2,NO and dust which were absorbed by the broad— 76.59 t/(hm .a)and 0.28 t/(hm .a),and the totla mounta of soil conservation was 76.87 t/(hm .a). herefore,the total amount of soiTl conservation of the leaved forest was respectively 0.088 7 t/(hm .a), 0.006 t/(hm .a)and 10.11 t/(hm .a) .The in— vestment and treatment cost of SO2 was 600 yuan/t.By WNFP was 159 x 10 t. e ecological economic value of forest ecosystem was brought by controlling soil ero— sion and reducing abandoned land,and it was calculat— ed by the opportunity cost method.rI1le average thick- ness ofthe surface soil was 0.5 m,and the annual av— erage income of the unit farmland was 1.76 x 10 yuan the air pollutants emission charge standard in China, the price of NO was 1 340 yuan/t which was the aver- age charge.The cost of reducing dust was 170 yuan/t. According to the above data,in WNFP,the content of SO2,NO and dust which were reduced by the WNFP was individually 0.183×10 t-,124.1 t and 20.9× 10 t.The function value was respectively 0.O1 1 x 10 yuan,0.0016×10。yuan and 0356×10 yuan,and .(By the Statistical Yearbook of Jiangxi Province in 2006:the a cultural total output value was 524.6× 10 Yuan,the totl area of agriaculturl laand was the total value was 0.37 x 10。yuan. 1.2.8 Value of biodiversity conservation function 297.49 x10 hm2).In the equation:E = t B/(O.5 x 10 000 p),where E,is the ecological economic value which is brought by reducing abandoned land,At is the amount of soil conservation,B is the annual average Profound wildlife resources of WNFP play a cruci— al role in maintaining biodiversity.Taken price of 3 363.6 yuan/(hm .a),value of biodiversity will mount to 0.7 x10 yuan. 1.2.9 Value of reservoir income of he unitt farmland,P is the soil bulk density. In the WNFP.the soil bulk density was 1.3 g/cm , and the soil conservation value of the WNFP was 0.043 x 10。yuan. Impoundment registering 1.74×10 m。multiplied by average cost of yuan 5.171 4 m ,the value of Ten— 1.2.6 Value of nutrient circulation function In the WNFP,the main soil type is brown soil. iong Lake rgeservoir reaches 9 x 10 yuan. 2O期 张毅川,等:武功山国家森林公园生态系统服务功能价值评估 Table 2 The result of evaluation of the ecosystem services of WNFP(×10。yuan) 5655 2 Conclusion RefeFences 1 Xiong Heigang,Qin Shan.Estimating the economic values of the for- (1)High value of wNFP in terms of reservoir, water conservation,water supply,CO2 absorption and est ecosystem service function in XinJiang.Journal of Arid Land Re— sources and Environment,2006;20(6):146—151 2 Zhao Jingzhu,Xiao Han,Wu Gang.Comparison analysis on physical nd valaue assessment metlIods for ecosystems services.Chinese Jour- release of oxygen contributes to its two major func— tions--protection of water resources as well as air con— ditioning (Table 2). (2)Indirect economic value is 6.75 times more than direct value.And development of tourism should take into consideration the conservation of ecosystem nal ofApplied Ecology,2000;11(2):29O—292 3 Lu Shaowei,Jin Fang,Yu Xinxiao,et a1.The evaluation of soil con— servation of forest ecosystem in China.Science of Soil and Water Con- servation,2005;3(3):l6—-21 4 Li Zhongkui,Yang Jinghuai,Song Ruhua,et a1.Estimation to envi— ronmentl vaalue of irrigation works to enrich peasants in mountainous and water resources. (3)WNFP has shown a great potential as a tour- ist and recreational site.All in all,we determine its na— areas of Beijing.Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2004;18(5): 163—167 5 Ouyang Zhi・yun,Zhao Tongqian,Wang Xiaoke,et a1.Ecosystem services analyses and valuation of China terrestrial surfB ̄e water sys- ture to be a forest recreationa1.site with comprehensive functions featuring group traveling,holiday resort,pub— lic health.entertainment and science education. tern.Acts Ecologica Sinica,2004;24(10):2091--2099 Evaluation on Ecosystem Service Value of Wugongshan National Forest Park ZHANG Yi—chuan,QI An—guo (School ofLandscape Architecture,HenanInstitute of Scienceand Technology,Xinxiang453003,P.R.China) [Abstract]To provide basis for construction of the Wugongshan national forest park,the quantitative method was (下转第5667页) 20期 张菊艳,等:模糊自适应PID控制器在SRD中的应用 5667 Linear Interpolation Method for Solving Linear Algebraic Equations of the Five-diagonal Matrix ‘ WEI Yan—hong , (Department of Mathematics and Information Science,Weinan Teachers College,Weinan 714000R.China) [Abstract]To aim at special large-scale block linear algebraic equations 0f the ifve-diagonal matrixa linear in— .terp。lation meth。d is designed.Operati。nal quantity。f the meth。d increases by linear when the subequations in. crease,but the Gauss expunction method inceases by cubic. [Key words]linear algebraic equations ifve—diagonal matrix linear interpolation method 、 、 、 (上接第5655页) used to evaluate the forest park ecosystem servicesThe total value of the ecosystem services of the Wugongshan na— .The direct economic value WaS 348×lO。yuanaJ1d the indirect ec0一 nomic value was 23.474×10 yuan.The latter was 675 times of the former.In all kinds of the servicesthe value of was the highest,and it WaS 334% of the total value.The second was the value of water source conservation .tional forest park was 26.954 x 10 yuan.,...which was 25・3%of he ttotl valaue.It indicated that he maitn services of the forest park ecosvstem w_ere water re— sources protection,air-conditioning.The forest park should be actively constructed to protect ecological environ— ment and satisfy the public recreation. [Key words] forest park ecosystem service function value eval1latjon p (上接第5663页) Study on Acoustic Absorption of Military Ship Engine Room HOU Pei—zhong,YUAN Gai—hong LI Ning ,(Academy of Equipment Command&Technology,Beijing 102249P.R.China) .[Abstract]The engine orom noise was hte main noise radiant resource..he noiTse sinalg of a ship engine r0om had been analyzed.The main radiation ̄equency Was f0und outThe influence of reverberation sound to engine room noise Was studied too.The scheme Was worked out about reverberation sound c0nhDlwhich carries on sound abs。rpti。n facing・The paramete1"8。f s。und absorpti。n facing material were made certainThe s。und absorpti。n fa. 。.cing was equipped in the engine l"oom and then testedving at the requirements. . he Tnoise of the engine room waS reduced 6.2 dB(A) ,arri. reverberation sound sound absorption [Key words]engine room noise spectral analysis 

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