奥运会选拔赛Olympic trial
国际奥委会International Olympic Committee 奥运会会歌Olympic Anthem 奥运火炬Olympic torch
奥运会代表团Olympic delegation 奥运村Olympic village
组委会organization committee 开幕式opening ceremony 闭幕式closing ceremony 吉祥物mascot 颁奖台podium
申办城市the bidding cities 候选城市 the candidate cities
申办2008年奥运会bid for 2008 Olympics
北京奥申委Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Bidding Committee (BOBICO)
主办2008年奥运会host the 2008 Olympic Games
奥林匹克精神the Olympic ideals; the Olympic spirit 世界奥林匹克日the International Olympic Day 其次，我们通过一些句子来增强对奥运会的了解。
The international Olympic Committee constituted itself on 23rd June 14.国际奥委会于14年6月23日成立。
The Olympic symbol, the five interlocking rings, represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of the athletes of the world at the Olympic Games.奥林匹克的标志是五个相连的圆环，它代表着五大洲的团结和全世界运动员在奥运会上相聚一堂。 The official languages of the IOC are French and English.国际奥委会的官方语言是法语和英语。
The Olympic flame is a symbol reminiscent of the ancient Olympic Games.奥运圣火是人们缅怀古代奥运会的象征。
The Olympic Games consist of the Games of the Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games. Both take place every four years.奥运会包括夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会，它们都是每四年举办一次。 The Olympic Games shall be proclaimed open by the Head of State of the host country.奥运会由东道国国家元首宣布开幕。
The delegation parade in alphabetical order according to the language of the host country, except for Greece, which leads the parade, and for the host country which brings up the rear.代表团按东道国语言文字的字母顺序入场。希腊和东道国例外，希腊代表团第一个入场，东道国代表团最后一个入场。
十式翻译绝招 (一) 同义反译法 例如：
1. Only three customers remained in the bar.
酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译：“还留着”或“还呆在那里”) 2. I'll be here for good this time.
这一次我再也不走了。(不译：“永远在此呆下去”)
3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.
我不在家的时候，别让炉子灭了。(不译：“我外出时，请让炉子继续烧着”)
4. \"Wait, he is serious.\"
等等，他不是说着玩儿的。(不译：”等等，他是认真的。“) 5. \"Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!\"
听我说，克拉拉，对这孩子可不能心软。(不译：”......对这孩子要坚定“)
(二) 删减解释词
例如： The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many
cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women. 到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎，一定会注意到她们十之都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。
(三) 短句拆译 例如：
\" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ...\" 在六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗...... (四) 译词推陈出新 例如：
When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lover. 原译：当他可以大胆行动的时候，他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外，心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。
改译：等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候，他却迟疑不定，顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种常有的提心吊胆的心理，那就更是难免的了。 原词 原译 改译
when 当......的时候 等到......的时候
act with boldness 大胆行动 放胆去追求 a lover 一个情人 一般堕入情网的人
ordinary fears 普通的害怕 种种常有的提心吊胆的心理 in addition to 除了......之外 那就更是难免的了 (五) 解释性添词 例如：
\"George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon,\" said Mrs. Bagnet.
”乔治，我真替你害臊﹗乔治，想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好：滚着的碌碡不长苔，流浪的汉子不攒财。我早知道你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有
想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走“，贝格纳特太太说道。 (六) 词无定译 例如：
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but
two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions.
我们根本不必追问是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外，而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对进行过一次巨大的诈骗 。
(七) 精炼译词 例如：
A new dignity crept into his walk.
原译：走路的姿态不知甚么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。 改译：走起路来，不觉平添了几分尊严。 (八) 删削\"When\"字 例如
1. When he saw me, he was startled.
他看见我，吓了一大跳，(不译：当他看见我的时候......)
2. \"When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?\"
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”你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心，你还拿鞭子没头没脑的抽，把她们打得死去活来，那有什么用呢？“(不译：当你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心的时候，你还拿鞭
子......)
(九) 感叹词的不同译法 例如：
1. \"O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want them!\"
\"Why, Eva, your room is full now.\"
”妈妈，别这样﹗我喜欢这些花，把花给我吧，我要﹗ “得了吧，伊娃，你屋里的花都满了。”
2. \"Well, that's odd!\" said Marie. \"What in the world do you want that for?\"
“哟，真是怪事﹗”玛利说，“你干嘛非要这个不可？” (十) 顺拆法 例如：
His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue working/ for a better understanding of the interrelationship
between economic, social and demographic factors.
原译：他的代表团同意执行主任关于该基金会应继续为更好地了解经济、社会和人口的相互关系而努力的意见。
改译：他的代表团同意执行主任的意见，认为该基金会应继续努力， 以求更好地了解经济、社会和人口这三方面的相互关系。
中文地址和公司的翻译原则
中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。掌握了这个原则，翻译起来就容易多了！ Ｘ室 Room Ｘ Ｘ号 No. Ｘ Ｘ单元 Unit Ｘ
Ｘ号楼 Building No. Ｘ Ｘ街 Ｘ Street Ｘ路 Ｘ Road Ｘ区 Ｘ District Ｘ县 Ｘ County Ｘ镇 Ｘ Town Ｘ市 Ｘ City Ｘ省 Ｘ Province
翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音： 宝山区示范新村37号403室
Room 403, No. 37, Shifan Residential Quarter, Baoshan District 虹口区西康南路125弄34号201室
Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, Xikang Road(South), Hongkou District 473000河南南阳市八一路272号特钢公司 李有财 Li Youcai
Special Steel Corp.
No. 272, Bayi Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473000
528400广东中山市东区亨达花园7栋702 李有财 Li Youcai
Room 702, 7th Building
Hengda Garden, East District Zhongshan, China 528400
266042山东省青岛市开平路53号国棉四厂二宿舍1号楼2单元204户甲 李有财 Mr. Li Youcai
NO. 204, A, Building NO. 1
The 2nd Dormitory of the NO. 4 State-owned Textile Factory 53 Kaiping Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China 266042
下面来介绍一下公司的译法：
1. line(s) （轮船、航空、航运等）公司
Atlantic Container Line大西洋集装箱海运公司 Hawaiian air Lines 夏威夷航空公司 2. agency 公司、代理行
The Austin advertising Agency 奥斯汀广告公司 China Ocean Shipping Agency 中国外轮代理公司 3. store(s) 百货公司
Great Universal Store 大世界百货公司（英） Tesco Stores (Holdings) 坦斯科百货公司（英） 4. associates（联合）公司
British Nuclear Associates 英国核子联合公司
Subsea equipment Associates Ltd.海底设备联合有限公司（英、法、美合办）
5. system（广播、航空等）公司
Mutual Broadcasting System相互广播公司（美） Malaysian Airline System Bhd.马来西亚航空公司 6. office公司，多与 head, home, branch等词连用
3M China Limited Guangzhou Branch Office 3M中国有限公司广州分公司
China Books Import and Export Corporation (Head Office) 中国图书进出口总公司
7. service(s)（服务）公司
Africa-New Zealand Service 非洲—新西兰服务公司 Tropic Air Services特罗皮克航空公司 8. exchange
American Manufacturers Foreign Credit Insurance Exchange 美国制造商出口信用保险公司 9. center
Binks (Shanghai) Engineering Exhibition Center, Ltd.
宾克斯（上海）涂装工程设备展示有限公司 新年祝福语
A beautiful wish to you and your family --- live a happy life and everything goes well. A happy New Year to you. 恭贺新年。
Allow me to congratulate you on the arrival of the New Year and to extend to you all my best wishes for your perfect health and lasting prosperity.
恭贺新禧，祝身体健康、事业发达。
At such a wonderful moment, I send you a gentle and warm care and wish: May every day be brilliant for you!
Best wishes for the holidays and happiness throughout the New Year.
恭贺新禧，万事如意。
Good health, good luck and much happiness throughout the year. 恭祝健康、幸运，新年快乐。
Good luck and great success in the coming New Year. 祝来年好运，并取得更大的成就。
I give you endless brand-new good wishes. Please accept them as a new
remembrance of our lasting friendship.
给你我无尽的新的祝福，让它们成为我们永恒友谊的新的纪念。
May everything beautiful and best be condensed into this card. I sincerely
wish you happiness, cheerfulness and success.
愿一切最美好的祝福都能用这张贺卡表达，真诚地祝你幸福、快乐、成功！
May fortune smile upon you and favor you with many blessings（祝福）!
May the coming New Year bring you joy, love and peace. 愿新年为你带来快乐，友爱和宁静。
May the joy and happiness around you today and always. 愿快乐幸福永伴你左右。
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May the season's joy fill you all the year round. 愿节日的愉快伴你一生。
May you come into a good fortune!
Good luck, good health, good cheer. I wish you a happy New Year. 祝好运、健康、快乐伴你度过一个快乐新年。
On the occasion of the New Year, may my wife and I extend to you and yours
our warmest greetings, wishing you a happy New Year, your career greater
success and your family happiness. 在此新年之际，我同夫人向你及你的家人致以节日的问候，并祝你们新年快乐、事业有成、家庭幸福。
Please accept my season's greetings. 请接受我节日的祝贺。
Please accept my sincere wishes for the New Year. I hope you will continue
to enjoy good health.
请接受我诚挚的新年祝福，顺祝身体健康。
Please accept our wishes for you and yours for a happy New Year. 请接受我们对你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你们新年快乐。 Rich blessing for health and abundant happiness（福多） in my wish for you in the coming year!
Season's greetings and best wishes for the New Year
中餐馆菜单翻译技巧
“四喜丸子”被翻译成“四个高兴的肉团”、“红烧狮子头”被译成“烧红了的狮子头”、“麻婆豆腐”被译成“麻脸的女人做的豆腐”„„国内的很多餐馆推出了双语菜单，但闹出了国际笑话。明年在中国就要举办奥运会了，会有更多的外国游客远道而来，到时候，面对坐在餐桌前点菜的客人们，怎么去解释清楚我们的美味佳肴呢？ （一）地方菜可直接用拼音： 在美国和欧洲的中餐馆中，中文菜单翻译英文最直接的方法就是“音译”。音译就是把菜品的中文名字用拼音写出来，这种方法简洁直接也很有特色。比如豆腐，虽然可以译成“大豆乳酪”，但更多的是用“TOFU”一词即可，美国人点菜已经会正确地说“TOFU”，还知道它有益健康呢。还有像“担担面”(DAN DAN NOODLES)“云吞”(WONTON)等餐点，直接用拼音命名，含有一种“我有人无”的自豪。反正国外没有相对应的食品，那么就用我们的称呼好了。 这种方法，在其他国家的餐饮里也屡见不鲜:日本寿司(SUSHI)，日本清酒(SAKE)，朝鲜泡菜(KIMCHI)都是直接用音译，这已经在西方获得广泛的采用。而现在国内所说的法国的“香槟”，意大利的“比萨”都是原汁原味音译而来，如今还有谁不知道那些是什么东西呢。 （二）意译有三大讲究：
不用说，这是最要功夫的译法。意译法仔细讲来也分3种: 以用料为主的翻译——主要介绍菜肴的主料和配料，先写好其中的鸡肉、牛肉或海鲜的种类名称，再加上青菜、果仁等配料的名称，像香菇(BLACK MASHROOM)、鲜笋(BAMBOO SHOOT)都是中餐常用的材料，外国人多数不会大惊小怪，会照吃不误。 以味道为主的翻译——在用料之外，强调调味的作料，把椒盐、麻辣、甜酸等味道注明在菜单上，这对外国人点菜会有很大帮助。要知道外国人给予中国菜“用舌头来吃的饭菜”的美誉，很多时候他们来吃的就是味道。加了青葱、芝麻等，都是特色风味，不妨一一写出。不过，在北美有一道很受欢迎的菜“甜酸肉(鸡)”SWEETAND SOUR PORK(CHICKEN)，与国内所说的“糖醋里脊”并不完全相同，它的色泽金黄，味道也偏甜，有果汁味，可能吃惯了这道菜的外国人到了国内会弄混。
以烹饪法为主的翻译——把常用的煎炒烹炸方式译入菜名，既符合中国菜的传统，又能显示中国菜的制作艺术。菜肴爆炒的浓香、油炸的酥脆、清蒸的清淡都可以充分在文字中显示出来。 在海外，红烧一般会明说是用酱油(SOY BEAN SAUCE)做的，而不是笼统地说是BROWN SAUCE，这样不喜欢酱油的外国人就可以不点这道菜了。
（三）巧用人名地名：
这个译法似乎又回到了音译法，但实际上却增加了更多的文化底蕴。细看外国菜谱会发现，法国的奶酪、德国的香肠有很多都注明了产地和风
味，而且他们的这些地名即使出现在英文菜单上，也全都使用原文拼写。
所以我们的“西湖牛肉羹”、“蒙古烤肉”、“上海酱鸭”，也可以写上这些特色地名的汉语拼音，或者加注“SHANGHAI STYLE”(上海风味)，顺便也给外国朋友们来点地理知识。
同样，借类似“东坡肉”、“左公鸡”、“麻婆豆腐”等菜式中的人名，就可以向外国人介绍一下这是中国诗人苏东坡，著名将军左宗棠等人所喜爱的食品以及四川妙手阿婆的拿手菜等，增加进餐时的趣味话题和交流。 两点注意：
1.使用所在地通用名称和烹调法，可以取得事半功倍的效果。比如“叉烧肉”，只要写成“BBQ烤肉”(涂了浓调味汁的烤肉)，北美人就心领神会了。而我们常说的“荷兰豆”，在美国和加拿大被称为“雪豆”，翻译时需要注意。
2.我们中华民族历来是礼仪之邦，要尽量避免暴力、性等字眼。比如“童子鸡”，只要写成“很嫩的鸡肉”就可以了，有的餐馆翻译成“未过性生活的鸡”就会被笑话了。想来咱们老祖宗发明这道菜的本意，也只是要标榜材料的鲜嫩爽滑而已，没有谁要打听鸡宝宝的私生活。 举例：
“宫保鸡丁”翻译三选一。中餐菜名翻译成英文，可以用多种不同的表达方法。例如“宫保鸡丁”这道菜就有以下3种译法:
■音译:GONGBAO CHICKEN (宫保鸡丁)
■以用料为主的翻译: SAUTEED CHICHEN CUBE WITH PEANUTS (炒鸡块，添加花生)
■以味道为主的翻译: DICED CHICKEN WITH PEANUTS IN CHILI SAUCE (鸡肉花生在辣椒酱中)
圣诞祝词
Merry Christmas and Best Wishes for a Happy New Year! • Beautiful dream comes true.
• Bring you good wishes of happiness this Christmas and on the coming year.
• During this Season may the loy and love of Christmas be yours. • Each Christmas brings me wonderful thoughts and memories... and you get lots of presents, Oh well, Merry Christmas.
• Greeting you warmly with a wish that's sincere for a healthy happy and wonderful day.
• Have a heartwarming holiday! Warmest wishes for a very merry Christmas
• Have a Wonderful Holiday Season!
• Here are special greetings and the best of wishes, too — May Christmas and the coming year bring happiness to you!
• Hope your holiday is great and your New Year a prosperous one. • Hope your holidays are filled with all your favorite things this Christmas ... and all the happiness you could wish for. • I could always tell that you wrapped Santa's presents
• I hope you will join with me in bringing in the new spring. HAPPY HOLIDAYS!
• In our hearts, we'll always be near Merry Christmas!
• Joy to the World. Wishing you an extremely merry Christmas • Joyous Christmas! Warm Holiday Wishes! • May Happiness follow wherever you go
• May Peace and Happiness be with you at this holy Christmas season and always.
• May magic fill your days and all your dreams come true this holiday season.
• May the blessings of Christmas fill you heart with hope and joy! • May the joy and peace of Christmas be with you today and always. • May the light of our Savior's love be with you at Christmas and always... and all the happiness you could wish for. • May the light of the holiday season shine brightly in your heart • May the magic of this Christmas season fill your heart with peace.
• May you be blessed with all things bright and beautiful at Christmastime and always
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• May your Christmas be merry as a song and your heart be happy the whole year long!
• May your days be filled with love and light.
• Merry Christmas ... and all the happiness you could wish for. • Merry Christmas and then happy days over and over again ! • Peace on earth, good will to men...
• Season's Greetings and Best Wishes for the Coming Year • Sending you wishes for holidays that begin and on a happy note. Wishing you happiness always.
• Sing a song of seasons; Something bright in all ...
• Sleight bells are jingling through the night. Children are singing spirits and bright ... Merry Christmas! • Should you see flowers in bloom, you would see smiles at a lover of beauty.
• Thanks for making everything right! Merry Christmas!
• The Christmas we were going to tell everyone that the real meaning of the Season was not gifts ...
• The presents are wrapped, the stockings all hung, all that's left now is the holiday fun! Merry Christmas!
• This holiday season, it seems everyone is watching their weight ... :)
• Best wishes for a calm and peaceful Holiday Season!
• Wish you all the joy of Christmas and happiness all through the New Year.
• Wish you happiness at Christmas time.
• Wish you happiness for the Christmas season and the coming year.
• We wish you a merry Christmas & a happy new year. • Wish you a bright white holiday full of love.
• Wish you all the blessings of a beautiful Christmas season. • Wish you all the joys of the Christmas season and have very happy New Year. May you enjoy good health in the coming year. • Wish you and those around you a very merry Christmas and a wonderful New Year.
• Wish you the Gifts of Peace and Happiness this Christmas and throughout the New Year. 常犯的口语错误
注意，以下每组的第一个句子是错误的或者是不为Native Speaker采用的说法，第二个句子是正确的表达。 1. 这个价格对我挺合适的。
The price is very suitable for me. The price is right/ reasonable.
suitable（合适的、相配的）最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上，如：下列节目儿童不宜。The following programme is not suitable for children. 2. 明天我有事情要做。
I have something to do tomorrow.
Sorry but I am tied up all day tomorrow.
用I have something to do.来表示您很忙，这也是中国式的说法。因为每时每刻我们都有事情要做，躺在那里睡大觉也是事情。所以您可以说“我很忙，脱不开身。I’m tied up.” 还有其他的说法：I’m afraid I can’t make it at that time. I’d love to, but I can’t, because I have to stay at home. 3. 我没有英文名。
I haven’t English name.
I don’t have an English name. 许多人讲英语都犯这样的错误，从语法角度来分析，可能是语法功底欠缺，因为have在这里是实义动词。所以，这句话由肯定句变成否定句要加助动词。明白道理是一回事，习惯是另一回事，请您再试着说几句： 我没有钱。
I don’t have any money. 我没有兄弟姐妹。
I don’t have any brothers or sisters. 我没有车。
I don’t have a car. 4. 我想我不行。 I think I can’t. I don’t think I can. 这一组仍然是个习惯问题，在语法上称为否定前置，这就是汉语里面说“我想我不会”的时候，英语里面总是说“我不认为我会”。以后您在说类似的英语句子时，只要您留心，也会习惯英语的说法的。 5. 我的英语很糟糕。 My English is poor.
I am not 100% fluent, but at least I am improving. 有人开玩笑说，全中国人最擅长的一句英文是：My English is poor. 说实话，还从来没有听到一个美国人说：My Chinese is poor. 无论他们的汉语是好是坏，他们会说： I am st ill having a few problems, but I’m getting better.
6. 你愿意参加我们的晚会吗？
Would you like to join our party? Would you like to come to our party? join往往是指参加俱乐部或者协会，如：join a health club; join the Communist Party。事实上，常常与party搭配的动词是come 或者go。 如go to a wild party，或者come to a Christmas Party。 7. 我没有经验。
I have no experience.
I am afraid I don’t know much about that.
I have no experience. 这句话听起来古里古怪，因为您只需要说：那方面我懂得不多，或者这方面我不在行，就行了。I am not really an expert in this area. 8. 价钱很昂贵/便宜。
The price is too expensive / cheap. The price is too high / rather low. 要记住：“物”有贵贱，“价”有高低。你可以说某件东西贵还是贱，价格高还是低，但不可以弄反。譬如：This book is very expensive. The price is too high. 9. 他的身体很健康。 His body is healthy.
He is in good health.或者He’s healthy. 在英语中，“健康”是“人健康”，而我们汉语中则说“身体健康”。在这个问题上不能用汉语的思维去套英语的表达。 10. 别理她。
Don’t pay attention to her. Leave her alone.
虽然 pay attention to 是“注意”的意思，但是“别理某人”可不是“不注意某人”的意思，而是“别去打扰/招惹某人”，英语中的习惯表达法就是 leave somebody alone。 关于天气的经典会话 PART 1
A: It looks like it’s going to be sunny. 今天看来像是个晴天。
B: Yes, it’s much better than yesterday. 是的，比昨天好多了。
A: They say we’re going to get some rain later. 据说待会儿要下雨。
B: Oh, let’s just hope it stays[维持某种状态]warm. 哦，我只希望一直暖和下去。
PART 2
A: I think it’s going to be a nice day. 我想今天会是一个好天。
B: It’s certainly a big improvement over yesterday. 肯定比昨天大有好转。 A: But it’s supposed to get cloudy and windy again this afternoon. 但是，据说今天下午又要转阴刮风了。
B: Well, the worst of the winter should be over. 不过，冬天最糟糕的一段日子总该过去了。
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PART 3
A: It seems to be clearing up. 看来天要放晴了。
B: It’s such a nice change. 真实令人高兴的转变。
A: I really don’t think this weather will last. 我确实认为这样的好天长不了。
B: Let’s just hope it doesn’t get cold again. 15． Knowing the nature of the problem is important, but what is more important is to find effective measure to solve it. 16． Unless we take such measures, chances are that the situation will become worse.
17． Different people may interpret the meaning of the picture in different ways, but to me, it means that„„ 18． The reason why „„ is that „„
The reason why education is important is that it has great 但愿不会再冷。 PART 4
A: Beautiful day, isn’t it? 今天天气真好，是不是?
B: Yes, it’s not like what the radio said at all. 是的,一点也不像收音机里说的那样。
A: I wish it would stay this way for the weekend. 但愿整个周末都能保持这样的好天气。 B: As long as it doesn’t snow! 只要不下雪就行啊 国际奥委会及其职能
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. Pierre de Coubertin founded it on June 23, 14 to revive the Ancient Olympic Games. The IOC has a maximum of 115 members. The Executive Board of the IOC consists of the president, four vice-presidents and 10 other members.
The IOC is a non-governmental non-profit organization and the creator of the Olympic Movement. It has all rights to the Olympic symbols, flag, motto, anthem and Games. Its primary responsibility is to direct the organization of the Olympic Games. The IOC’s task is to promote top-level sport and sport for all according to the Olympic Charter. It ensures the regular celebration of the Games, sports ethics and the protection of athletes. It also encourages the promotion of women in sports 写作有用句型18句
1． It is fairly well-known that „„， but it is probably less well-known that „„
It is fairly well-known that education plays an important part in the development of our country, but it is probably less well-known that education is also important to the growth of a person.
2． With the development of the society, there is an increasing demand for talented people to do work in all areas of the economy. 3． It is important / necessary for people to receive a good education. 4． Different people have different ideas about the nature of the problem / the solution to this problem.
5． As a matter of fact, it is just the other way round.
6． From the above analysis (discussion / data ), we can see (conclude) that „„
7． With the development of society, „„ undergo corresponding change.
8． Therefore, in order to „„， effectives measures should be taken to „„
9． While many people attach great importance to this problem/ issue, no real effective actions have been taken to solve it. 10． The effective solution to this problem depends on the efforts made by the both government and the ordinary people. On the one hand, the government should make a proper policy concerning the problem; on the other hand, the ordinary people should „„ 11． The most important thing is that we should give enough attention to such phenomenon.
12． Ignoring this problem will simply make the situation worse. 13． The picture seems to convey the message / idea that „„ 14． Those who obtain the latest knowledge and information and are able to use them to solve practical problems will succeed.
influence on the well-being of our country. 品牌中的英语含义
雪碧（饮料）Sprite 小妖精，调皮鬼 乐百氏（饮料）Robust 健壮的 金利来（领带）Goldlion 金狮子 司麦脱（衬衫）Smart 潇洒的 舒肤佳（香皂）Safeguard 保护者 纳爱斯（香皂）Nice 美好的 英克莱（自行车）Incline 喜爱 四通（打字机）Stone 石头 汰渍（洗衣粉）Tide 潮流
雷达（电蚊香）Raid 袭击，搜捕 飘柔（洗发水）Rejoice 欣喜 立士洁（卫生纸）Luxury 奢侈品 富绅（衬衫）Virtue 美德 神浪（服装）Sunland 太阳地 苏泊尔（压力锅）Super 特级品 天能（领带）Talent 天才 爱多（无绳电话）Idle 闲着的 雅戈尔（衬衫） Younger 更年轻的 美登高（冰淇淋） Meadowgold 金草地 耐克（鞋）Nike 胜利女神 捷安特（自行车）Giant 巨人 机场常用词汇
机场费 airport fee
国际机场 international airport 国内机场 domestic airport 机场候机楼 airport terminal
国际候机楼 international terminal 国际航班出港 international departure 国内航班出站 domestic departure 卫星楼 satellite 入口 in
出口 exit; way out 进港、到达 arrivals
不需报关 nothing to declare 海关 customs
登机口 gate; departure gate 候机室 departure lounge
航班号 FLT No (flight number) 来自...... arriving from
预计时间 scheduled time (SCHED) 实际时间 actual time 已降落 landed
前往...... departure to 起飞时间 departure time 延误 delayed 登机 boarding
由此乘电梯前往登机 stairs and lifts to departures 迎宾处 greeting arriving 由此上楼 up; upstairs 由此下楼 down; downstairs 银行 bank
货币兑换处 money exchange; currency exchange 订旅馆 hotel reservation 行李暂存箱 luggage locker
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出站(出港、离开) departures 登机手续办理 check-in
登机牌 boarding pass (card)
护照检查处 passport control immigration 行李领取处 luggage claim; baggage claim 国际航班旅客 international passengers 中转 transfers
中转旅客 transfer passengers 中转处 transfer correspondence 过境 transit
报关物品 goods to declare to refer to trapeze artists. But here it refers to frequent plane travelers.
鸡仔文学 Chick lit
This Chinese phrase is a translation of the English term “Chick lit,” which refers to the kind of fiction created for young women, particularly single, working women in their twenties and thirties.
夜店 night entertainment venue
It refers to the discotheques, karaoke bars, cafes and video arcades that operate from evening to early the next morning. In some special contexts, it can also refer to illegal sex service 贵宾室 V. I. P. room 购票处 ticket office 付款处 cash
出租车乘车点 taxi pick-up point 大轿车乘车点 coach pick-up point
航空公司汽车服务处 airline coach service 租车处(旅客自己驾车) car hire 公共汽车 bus; coach service
公用电话 public phone; telephone 餐厅 restaurant 酒吧 bar
咖啡馆 coffee shop; cafe 免税店 duty-free shop 邮局 post office 出售火车票 rail ticket
旅行安排 tour arrangement 行李牌 luggage tag 新词佳译
老鼠仓 rat trading
The term has recently come into the spotlight as some mainland brokers were believed to have made illegal profits by conducting so-called “rat trading” or a kind of scalping scheme in the stock market by cheating their clients. 动车组 bullet train Bullet trains, with bullet-shaped locomotives, are designed based on aerodynamic theories, allowing the train to run at a high speed. China launched its first batch of homemade bullet trains on April 18, which can run at 200 kilometers per hour. 玉米虫 domain investor This term, literally “corn worm,” refers to people who earn money by registering valuable Internet domains. A netizen reportedly sold www.google.cn to the search engine giant for more than US$1 million. The pronunciation of “corn” is similar to “domain” in Chinese.
砸星运动 star-bashing campaign After the father of an Andy Lau fan committed suicide in early this year, some young people on the Chinese mainland smashed CDs and tore down posters of pop stars in an attempt to reason with infatuated fans.
双核家庭 dual-core family
This refers to a family where both husband and wife are only children or the single “core” of their respective families before they got married. The new family, of course, has two “cores” as neither of the couple knows how to behave not as a “core” in a family.
大小人 kidult
The Chinese term which translates literally “adult-aged child” derives from the English word “kidult,” a portmanteau of “kid” and “adult.” The term refers to middleaged people who refuse to be denied the freedom and pleasure of youth by doing or buying things designed for children. 空中飞人 frequent flyer
This Chinese term, “man flying in the sky,” is sometimes used
shops.
最高频的口语小词
Absolutely! 绝对正确。 Almost! 差不多了。 Amazing! 太神了！ Anytime! 随时吩咐。 Awful! 好可怕。 Behave! 放尊重点！ Bingo! 中了！搞定！ Boring 真无聊！ Bravo! 太棒了。
Bull----! ＝ Horse----! 胡说！ Certainly! 当然。 Check, Please! 买单。 Cheers! 干杯！
Congratulations! 恭喜啊！ Damn! 该死！ Deal! 一言为定！ Definitely! 当然。 Disgusting! 好恶心！ Drat ! 讨厌！
Easy ! 别急！慢慢来！ Exactly! 完全正确！ Fantastic! 妙极了！ Fifty fifty ! 对半分！ Fresh! 帅！
Gorgeous! 美极了！ Help! 救命啊！ Hey! 嘿！
Hopefully! 我希望！ Horrible! 好可怕！ Hurry up! 赶快 ！ Imagine! 想想看。
Impressive! 永生难忘！ Incredible! 不可思议！ Jesus! 天啊 ! Liar! 你撒谎！ Listen! 听着！ Lousy! 差劲！
Marvelous ! 棒极了！ Messy! 乱七八糟。 Never! 绝不！ Nonsense! 胡说！ Objection! 我！ Oops! 哎呀！
Outrageous! 得了！ Probably! 可能。 Rats! 胡扯！ Really? 真的吗？ So so. 马马虎虎。 Someday. 改天吧。 英语时政短语
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1. 科学发展观
scientific outlook (thinking) on development 2. 倡导公正、合理的新秩序观
to call for the establishment of a just and equitable new order 3. 以平等互利为核心的新发展观
new thinking (outlook) on development focusing on equality and mutual benefit
4. 推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观
foster new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination
5. 主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观
foster new thinking featuring the respect for different civilizations
6. 新能源观 new thinking on energy development 7. 疏导公众情绪
defuse (allay, ease) (public) anger (discontent, resentment and complaints); properly channel public sentiments 8. 诚信缺失 lack of credibility
9. 发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享
development for the people, by the people and to the benefit of all the people 10. 和谐共赢 harmony for all winners; harmonious and win-win scenario; all-win harmony
11. 真正意义上的和谐社会在逐步发展
a harmonious society in its true sense is emerging; a truly harmonious society is emerging 12. 实现社会公平与正义
to ensure social equity and justice 13. 利益协调机制
interest coordinating (balancing) mechanism 14. 社会救助体系 social assistance (aid) system 15. 人民群众安全感 people’s sense of security
16. 廉政文化建设 to foster a culture of clean government 17. 减少社会不平等现象 to reduce social inequality 18. 和谐相处 to live in harmony 19. 为和谐创造雄厚的物质基础
to create a solid material base for social harmony 20. 和谐社会的内涵
the implications of social harmony the characteristics of harmonious society
21. 实现物质和精神、民主和法治、公平和效率、活力和秩序的 有机统一。
to achieve unity between the material and the spiritual, democracy and rule of law, fairness and efficiency, and vitality and order 22. 和为贵
Harmony is most precious. Peace is to be cherished. 23. 君子和而不同
Gentlemen seek harmony but not uniformity. 24. 和则两利
Reconciliation benefits both. 25. 和则生谐
Reconciliation leads to harmony. 26. 天人合一
the unity of man and nature; heaven-man oneness; Heaven and man are one.
27.“和”是中国文化传统的基本精神， 也是中华民族不懈追求的 理想境界。 Harmony represents a defining(core) value of China’s cultural tradition. It is an ideal that the Chinese nation has unremittingly pursued (never ceased to pursue).
28. “以和为贵”就是说国家之间、民族之间、人与人之间要以团 结互助、友好相处为最高境界。
“Harmony is most precious”. This means that solidarity, mutual help and friendly co-existence between states, nations and people should be the ultimate pursuit (highest aspiration).
29. “和而不同”就是说一个国家、一个民族既能容纳不同文明的 存在，又能保留自己的优秀文明传统。 “Harmony without uniformity” means that each state or nation should accommodate other civilizations while preserving its fine cultural traditions.
30. 和谐是中华文明的重要价值观念
Harmony is a defining value of Chinese civilization. 31. 我们生活在一个充满变动和变革的时代，各个国家和地区的 联系日趋紧密，不同文明之间相互交融又相互激荡，人类社 会的发展面临着前所未有的共同挑战和机遇。 We are in an era of dynamic change. There is growing interaction among countries and regions and among different civilizations. The human society is faced in its development with unprecedented challenges and opportunities. 如何巧学善用英语成语 One of the most difficult aspects of learning any foreign language is being able to understand and use a wide range of idioms. The English language has over 15,000 idioms and native speakers use them very frequently, often without realising it themselves. This can make communication with native speakers confusing. 在任何语言学习中最困难的一个方面就是，要能理解并运用大量成语。
英语有15000多个成语，而且本族语使用者常常在不自觉的情况下频繁使用它们。这就造成了与本族语使用者的沟通不畅。
What is an idiom? An idiom is a group of words which, when used together, has a different meaning from the one which the individual words have. For example: 什么是成语呢？一个成语就是一组词，当结合在一起使用时，其意与单个词语所表达的意思均不相同。例如：
-How do you know that Sid and Nancy have separated 你怎么知道席德和南希分手了？ -I heard it on the grapevine. 我是从小道消息听到的。
Of course, the second speaker does not mean he heard the news about John by putting his ear to a grapevine! He is conveying the idea visually of information spreading around a widespread network, similar to a grapevine. 当然，第二个谈话者并不是说，他把耳朵贴在葡萄藤上才听到这个关于约翰的消息的！他只是在形象地表达一种意味，即这个消息通过一个类似葡萄藤的巨大网络传播开来。
We use idioms to express something that other words do not express as clearly or as cleverly. We often use an image or symbol to describe something as clearly as possible and thus make our point as effectively as possible. For example, \"in a nutshell\" suggests the idea of having all the information contained within very few words. Idioms tend to be informal and are best used in spoken rather than written English.
我们使用成语是要表达其它词语无法如此清晰或如此巧妙表达的东西。我们经常会运用比喻和象征以便尽可能清晰地描述事物，因而可以尽可能有效地阐述我们的观点。比如，“in a nutshell”表明的意思是，用很少几个词来涵盖所要表达的全部意思。成语往往是非正式的，最好用于口语，而不要用在非书面表达中。
One of the best ways to learn an idiom is by looking at the context in which it is used. This can be done by concentrating on the rest of the sentence and try to guess the meaning. Many idioms are not that difficult to understand when considered in their context. For example:
学习成语的最好方法之一是查看它所在的上下文。而这可以通过通读句子其它部分来实现，并试着猜测其意。当把许多成语放在上下文中考虑，理解起来就不那么难了。例如：
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We are going to have a surprise party for Tom tomorrow. It''s a secret so please don''t let the cat out of the bag.
明天，我们要给汤姆举办一个惊喜聚会。这是一个秘密，因此请不要泄露秘密。 ''Let the cat out of the bag'' is an idiom. Imagine you don''t know what this idiom means; by looking at the words preceding it should be easy to guess that the speaker does not want you to tell Tom about the surprise party. Therefore, ''let the cat out of the bag'' must mean something like'' reveal a secret'' or ''tell a secret''.
“Let the cat out of the bag”是一个成语。设想你不知道这个成语的意思；如果看看之前的单词，就会很容易地猜出，讲话者是不想让你跟汤姆谈及惊喜聚会的事情。因此，“let the cat out of the bag”一定是“揭露秘密”或“泄露秘密”之类的意思。 Other examples: 其它例子：
He was on the carpet last week for being late to work three times.
上星期，他由于迟到三次而受到批评。
It was a very long report. It took me three hours to wade through.
那是一个很长的报告。我花了三个小时才总算读完它。
Let''s call it a day. I''m very tired and I think we have covered the main points of the meeting already.
我们今天就到此为止。我很累，而且我认为，我们已经处理了这次会议的主要问题。.
长难句分析(代词）
代词在阅读过程中是难点之一。在英语中，为了语言的精练，避免重复，除了采用“省略”手段外，还广泛地用代词来代替上下文中已经出现过的词或提到的内容。在阅读过程中必须根据上下文的逻辑关系正确判断代词所代替的具体内容，如分析不当，往往会产生“张冠李戴”的错误。必须指出的是，在各种代词中it的用法最为复杂，it用作形式主语或形式宾语时，只有语法意义而没有词汇意义，可以说是“虚”的。但用作代词时，代替某一词或某一具体内容，可以说是“实”的。it在句中表现得“真真假假，虚虚实实”，这给阅读理解造成了很大困难，必须认真分析和辨别。
为了语言精练，避免重复的目的，除了采用省略和代词外，还采用另一种手段——近义词(带定冠词the的近义词)来替代上文中已出现过的词，这种近义词可称为“替换词”。 英语中常见的代词有：one(ones)，that，they，those，the former，the latter等。“的用法较为复杂，特别加以归纳。 it的用法
(1)it作无人称代词：it作无人称代词表示自然现象、气候、时间、距离等。it是形式主语没有词汇意义。如： 1)It is very cold today．(气候) 2)It is three o''clock．(时间)
3)It is along way from here．(距离) (2)it作人称代词：it作人称代词时，用来代替上下文中提到的事或物，有时可代替整个句子的内容。
(3)his(was)+形容词十不定式(to do)，it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正主语。 (过去分词)
(4)his+{形容词}+that(what，how，whether．．．)，it为形式主语，that引导的为主语从句。 (名词)
(5)It+不及物谓语动词+that引导的主语从句。这些动词有：seem，appear，turn out，follow，happen等。 (6)It may well be that引导的主语从句。 (7)it作形式宾语：
1)某些及物动词+it+形容词十不定式； 2)某些及物动词+it+形容词+that... 在上述两种句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语，或that引导的宾语从句。 (8)it用于强调句型：
It is(was)十被强调的成分+that(which，who)
强调句型是简单句，可以用来强调句中主语、宾语和状语，但不能强调定语和谓语。在这种句型中把his．．．that去掉，句子仍成立。 代词在句中分析与翻译的实例 1．All the various transitions from one form of motion into another are governed by one of the fundamental laws of nature，that of the eternity of matter and its motion． 运动可以由一种形式变为另一种形式，所有运动形式的变换都取决于一个基本的自然规律，即物质及其运动永恒性的规律。(that代替one，one代替law。) 2．The author enumerate some of the factors which make it difficult for the sociologist to conduct experiments in the same way as his colleagues in the physical sciences．
作者列举了某些使社会科学家难以进行实验的因素，而在同样的情况下，他的自然科学的同事们却可以进行实验。(it为形式宾语代替真正宾语to conduct．．．。)
3．The metallurgist has recently found a metal skin for missiles and supersonic planes，one that will retain its strength at the high temperature caused by air friction．
冶金学家最近发明了一种用于导弹和超音速飞机的金属外壳，这种外壳在大气摩擦引起的高温下仍然能保持其强度。(one作同位语，代替skin。) 4．If one can scale down all dimensions to，let us say，one tenth，the average lengths of the current-paths will be reduced to one tenth．And the speed of operation will be scaled up 10 times． 如果人们能把所有尺寸缩小，比如说，减小到原来的1／10，那么电流路径的平均长度也将减小到1／10，操作速度因而就会按比例提高10倍。(one泛指人。)
5．Underground water reserves are much larger than those on the surface，but as they are unseen we tend to underestimate them． 地下水的储量要比地面水大得多，但是由于看不到，所以往往低估了地下水的储量。(those代替reserves。as引导原因状语从句。them代替reserves。)
6．Here we find that the term work has been given by science a somewhat more limited meaning than that to which we have been accustomed．
这里我们发现，科学赋予“功”这个词的含义比我们所习惯的“工作”这个词的含义多少要狭窄一些。(第一个that是连词，引导宾语从句。第二个that是代词，代替work。)
7．We know that air can be compressed， and it is reasonable to suppose that the air at the surface of the earth is compressed by the weight of all the air on top of it． 我们知道空气是可以压缩的，因而我们有理由假设：地球表面的空气受到该空气层上部所有空气重量的压缩。(第一个it是形式主语，代替不定式短语to suppose...。句末的it是人称代词，代替“地球表面上的空气”。) 8．It follows from the principle of relativity that Newton’s second law of motion，although fundamental in classical mechanics，only has an approximate and by no means complete validity．
由相对论原理可知，牛顿运动第二定律尽管是古典力学中的基本原理，但只是近似的，而决不是完全正确的。(It follows from．．．that....，“由„„可以得出„„”。It是形式主语，代替that引出的主语从句。) 9．It was supposed that bodies fall to the ground with a speed which is proportional to their weight。This means that if bodies of 100 pounds and 1 pound are pushed over a cliff，the former falls 100 times as fast as the latter．
曾经有人设想，物体落地的速度与其重量成正比，这就意味着，如果把重100磅的物体和重l磅的物体从悬崖上推下去，前者下落速度是后者的100倍。(the former指bodies of 100 pounds，the latter指bodies of 1 pound。)
10 ．Even though the same computer might have performed the same operation millions of times in succession， it must still be told exactly how to do that operation every time it repeats it． 即使同一台计算机很可能已经连续完成同样的运算达数百万次之多，但
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每当它重复这一运算时都得准确地告诉它如何去完成这一运算。(句中有三个it,第一和第二个it都代替计算机，第三个it代替operation。might have performed是虚拟语气，表示对过去发生事情的猜测。every time是连词，引导时间状语从句。that在句中不是连词，是指示代词，作operation的定语。) 英语长句的译法
在翻译长句时, 首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。 一、英语长句的分析
一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。
在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:
(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。 下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:
例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
(2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为
suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句; who is raised in an environment为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为child; where there are many stimuli为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为
environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为stimuli; 在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为greater intellectual development.
在作了如上的分析之后, 我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解, 然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法, 就可以把该句翻译成汉语为:
行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. (85年考题) 分析: (1) 该句的骨干结构为it is more „ to do sth than to do sth else. 是一个比较结构, 而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。 (2) 该句有三个谓语结构, 它们之间的关系为: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to „ 为主体结构, 但it是形式主语, 真正的主语为第二个谓语结构: to sit comfortably at home, 并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。
(3) 句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。另外, 还有两个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语, 修饰to sit comfortably at home.
综合上述翻译方法，这个句子我们可以翻译为：
譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
二、长句的翻译
英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。 (1) 顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如: 例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考题) 分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作; C. 帮我们开动电冰箱; D. 加热水; E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句翻译成:
即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。
例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考题) 分析: 该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that„”, it为形式主语, that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to „结构, 其中, 不定式作主语, the time „是“expectation of life”的同位语, 进一步解释其含义, 而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义: A. 可是现在人们意识到; B. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的; C. 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”; D. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的翻译方法, 把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就翻译为:
可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。 下面我们再列举几个实例:
例3. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.
在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。
例4. This method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”
这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况, 也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案, 从“铁生锈, 是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?” 例5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man''s life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being. 我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到孩童般的兴趣; 其后, 这种爱好变得成熟起来, 我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和复杂性, 对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣; 对历史的爱好, 最终以我们对人类生命的一种
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深沉的神秘感而告结束。 对死去的, 无论是伟大与平凡, 所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人，都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力。 例6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备, 而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在成长, 正在发展珍贵的观察力和的判断力的标志, 他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。 (2) 逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。例如: 例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
分析: 这个句子由一个主句, 两个原因状语和一个定语从句, “铝直到19世纪才被人发现”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有四个谓语结构, 共有五层意思: A. 铝直到19世纪才被人发现; B. 由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝; C. 由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起; D. 最普遍的是跟氧结合; E. 铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。按照汉语的表达习惯通常因在前, 果在后, 这样, 我们可以逆着原文的顺序把该句翻译成:
铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。
例2. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
分析: 该句由一个主句, 一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成, “„„变得越来越重要”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有三个谓语结构, 包含三层含义: A. „„变的越来越重要; B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会; C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯, 我们也采用逆序法, 翻译成:
因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
下面我们再举几个实例:
例3. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。
例4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old
muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。
例5.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties. 50年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象, 穷知识分子以“跨掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人, 正是这个时候大批大学生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。
例6. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常情。
例7. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。
(3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。例如: 例1. The number of the young people in the United States who can''t read is incredible about one in four.
上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子, 但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译, 就可能被翻译成:
没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4。 这样, 就使得译文极为不通顺, 不符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 我们应该把它译为:
大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。 例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. (85年考题)
分析: 在此长句中, 有一个插入语“it is often said”, 三个并列的谓语结构, 还有一个定语从句, 这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子,但都有的意义, 因此在翻译时, 可以采用分句法, 按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个的分句, 结果为: 人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。 下面我们再举一个例子:
例3. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (85年考题)
他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开, 就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。
例4. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and
intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe. 虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的数目如此之多, 以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。 (4) 综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后, 或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。例如:
例1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
分析: 该句共有三层含义: A: 人们不敢出门; B: 尽管已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况; C: 也和其他人一样不知所措和为力。在这三层含义中, B表示让步, C表示原因, 而A则表示结果, 按照汉语习惯顺序, 我们作如下的安排:
尽管已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况, 但人们不敢出门, 因为也和其他人一样不知所措和为力。 下面我们再举几个例子:
例2. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.
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对于现代书籍, 特别是教科书来说, 要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话, 那么就应该每隔较短的时间, 将书中的内容重新修改。
例3. Taking his cue from Ibsen''s A Doll''s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband''s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.
易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。 例4. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the middle-distance race 中距离跑 long-distance race 长跑 relay race 接力赛跑 hurdles 跨栏跑 shot put 推铅球
discus throwing铁饼 hammer throwing 链球 javelin throwing标
decathlon 十项全能（100米跑、跳远、铅球、跳高、400米跑，110米跨栏跑、铁饼、撑杆跳、标、1500米跑）
heptathlon 七项全能（100米跨栏跑、跳高、铅球、200米跑、跳远、标、800米跑）
triathlon 铁人三项：游泳（1500米）；自行车（40公里）；跑步（10immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.
到目前为止, 经历了18和19两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区 奥运词汇
Aquatics（水上运动） freestyle 自由泳 backstroke 仰泳 breaststroke 蛙泳 butterfly 蝶泳
individual medley 个人混合泳 freestyle relay 自由泳接力 medley relay 混合泳接力 diving 跳水
diver 跳水运动员 diving pool 跳水池
10m platform event 十米跳台 3m springboard event 三米跳板 butterfly dive 蝶式跳水 clean entry 入水时水花很少 crouched jump 抱膝跳水 cutaway 面对板向内跳水 deep dive 深水跳水
degree of difficulty 难度系数 dive numbers 跳水动作代码 dome of water 水花 hopping step 踏板 pike 屈体
poise 预备姿势 splash 飞溅 spring up 腾起
twist dive 转体跳水
warm-up dive 跳水准备活动 Track and field (田径)
100 m, 200 m, 400 m 100米，200米，400米
110 m hurdles, 400 m hurdles 110米栏，400米栏 3,000 m steeplechase 3000米障碍赛
4 x 100 m relay, 4 x 400 m relay 4×100米接力，4×400米接力 Jumping 跳跃 high jump 跳高 long jump 跳远
triple jump 三级跳远 Throwing 投掷 javelin 标
Road events 公路赛 marathon 马拉松 walk 竞走
stadium 体育场 sprint 短跑
公里）
Ball Games（球类运动） Badminton 羽毛球
badminton racket 羽毛球拍 men''s singles 男子单打 women''s singles 女子单打 men''s doubles 男子双打 women''s doubles 女子双打 mixed doubles 混合双打 Table Tennis 乒乓球 paddle 球拍 chop 削球 push 推球 drive 抽杀 smash 扣球 Baseball 棒球 Basketball 篮球 Football 足球 Handball 手球
Hockey / Field Hockey 曲棍球 Softball 垒球 Tennis 网球 Volleyball 排球
Beach Volleyball 沙滩排球 Gymnastics（体操）
Artistic Gymnastics 竞技体操 Floor Exercises 自由体操 Pommel Horse 鞍马 Rings 吊环 Vault 跳马
Parallel Bars 双杠 Horizontal Bar 单杠 Uneven Bars 高低杠 Balance Beam 平衡木
Rhythmic Gymnastics 艺术体操 Gymnastics Trampoline 蹦床 Shooting（射击）
10 m air rifle 10米气步 10 m air pistol 10米气手
Men''s 10 m running target 男子10米移动靶
Men''s 50 m rifle prone position 男子50米步卧射 50 m rifle three positions 50米步3种姿势 Men''s 50 m pistol 男子50米手 Women''s 25 m pistol 女子25米手
Men''s 25 m rapid fire pistol 男子25米手速射 Trap 多向飞碟
Double trap 双多向飞碟 Skeet 双向飞碟 Cycling（自行车）
Road cycling 公路自行车赛 Track cycling 场地自行车赛
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sprint 追逐赛 time trial 计时赛 points race 计分赛 pursuit 争先赛
Mountain bike 山地自行车赛 Equestrian（马术） Jumping 障碍赛 Dressage 盛装舞步 Eventing 三日赛 Fencing（击剑） Foil 花剑 Epee 重剑 Sabre 佩剑
Weightlifting（举重） Snatch 抓举
Clean and jerk 挺举 比赛常用语 winner 优胜者
record holder 纪录保持者
cut/break the record 打破纪录 record breaker 打破创造者 set a new record 创造新纪录 world record 世界纪录 champion 冠军
runner-up/the 2nd place 亚军 third place/the 3rd place 季军 medalist 奖牌获得者
gold medalist 金牌获得者 silver medalist 银牌获得者 bronze medalist 铜牌获得者
last eight 取得决赛权的八名选手 final result 决赛成绩 total points 总分
placement/ranking 名次，排名 final placing 决赛名次 medal tally 奖牌榜 lose to 败给 defeat 击败 win title 夺魁
go for gold 夺取金牌 defend title 卫冕 road to 进军
victory ceremony/awarding ceremony 颁奖仪式 announce results 公布成绩
The medals will be presented in descending order-1st, 2nd, 3rd. 按第一名、第二名、第三名的顺序颁发奖牌。
raise national flag and play national anthem 升国旗，奏国歌 mount the rostrum 登上颁奖台 sportsmanship trophy 风格奖 fair play trophy 公平竞赛奖 cup/trophy 奖杯 prize money 奖金
prize/trophy/award 奖品
award/ to present prize 颁发奖品
undertake laps of honor 绕场一周向观众致意 三十六计的英文表达方法 Thirty-Six Stratagems
1.瞒天过海 Cross the sea under camouflage.
2.围魏救赵 Relieve the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei.
3.借刀杀人 Kill someone with a borrowed knife.
4.以逸待劳 Wait for the exhausted enemy at one＇s ease. 5.趁火打劫 Loot a burning house.
6.声东击西 Clamour in the east, attack in the west.
7.无中生有 Create something out of nothing. 8.暗渡陈仓 Pretend to take one path while sneaking down the other. 9.隔岸观火 Watch a fire burning from the other side of the river. 10.笑里藏刀 Knife hidden under the smiling face. 11.李代桃僵 Sacrifice the plum for the peach.
12.顺手牵羊 Take the opportunity to pilfer a goat. 13.打草惊蛇 Disturb the snake by hitting the grass. 14.借尸还魂 Borrow another＇s body to return the soul. 15.调虎离山 Entice the tiger to leave the mountain. 16.欲擒故纵 To catch something, first let it go. 17.抛砖引玉 Bait a piece of jade with a brick.
18.擒贼擒王 To catch the bandit,first capture their leader. 19.釜底抽薪 Take away the firewood under the cooking pot. 20.混水摸鱼 Fish in troubled water.
21.金蝉脱壳 Get away like the cicada sloughing its skin. 22.关门捉贼 Shut the door to catch the thief. 23.远交近攻 Befriend a distant state while attacking a neighbor. 24.假途伐虢 Obtain safe passage to conquer the enemy. 25.偷梁换柱 Replace the beams with rotten timbers.
26.指桑骂槐 Revile the locust tree while pointing at the mulberry.
27.假痴不癫 Play dumb, remain smart.
28.上屋抽梯 Pull down the ladder after ascent. 29.树上开花 Deck the tree with bogus blossom. 30.反客为主 Make the guest and host change places.
31.美人计 The beauty trap; Use seductive women to corrupt the enemy.
32.空城计 Present a bold front to conceal unpreparedness. 33.反间计 Sow discord among the enemy; Use double agent. 34.苦肉计 Inflict injury upon oneself to gain trust. 35.连环计 Chain together the enemy＇s ships.
36.走为上 Run away to fight another day; Escape is the best policy.
“八荣八耻”的英译文供参考 “八荣八耻”
(eight-honor and eight-shame) 以热爱祖国为荣、以危害祖国为耻
honor to those who love the motherland, and shame on those who harm the motherland;
以服务人民为荣、以背离人民为耻 honor to those who serve the people, and shame on those who betray the people;
以崇尚科学为荣、以愚昧无知为耻 honor to those who quest for science, and shame on those who refuse to be educated;
以辛勤劳动为荣、以好逸恶劳为耻 honor to those who are hardworking, and shame on those who indulge in comfort and hate work;
以团结互助为荣、以损人利己为耻
honor to those who help each other, and shame on those who seek gains at the expense of others; 以诚实守信为荣、以见利忘义为耻
honor to those who are trustworthy, and shame on those who trade integrity for profits；
以遵纪守法为荣、以违法乱纪为耻 honor to those who abide by law and discipline, and shame on those who break laws and discipline; 以艰苦奋斗为荣、以骄奢淫逸为耻 honor to those who uphold plain living and hard struggle, and shame on those who wallow in extravagance and pleasures. 教育词汇
educational history 学历
educational background 教育程度 educational system 学制
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academic year 学年 term/ semester 学期 diploma 文凭 tuition 学费 School 学校
fee-paying school 付费学校/私立学校 public school 公立学校 regular school 普通学校
primary/elementary school 小学 high/middle school 中学 university 大学 college 学院
academy 高等专科院校 normal school 师范院校 Curriculum 课程
courses taken 所修的课程 major 主修课 minor 辅修课
specialized course 专业课 compulsory course 必修课 optional course 选修课 Activities 各项活动
social practice 社会实践
extracurricular activities 课外活动 physical activities 体育活动 recreational activities 娱乐活动 academic activities 学术活动 social activities 社会活动 Rewards 奖励
scholarship 奖学金
excellent League member 优秀 excellent leader 优秀干部
\"Three Goods\" student 三好学生 Faculty and Students 教师和学生 principal 中学校长（美） headmaster 中小学校长（英） master 小学校长（美）
Party branch secretary 党支部 League branch secretary 团支部
commissary in charge of organization 组织委员 commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员 dean of studies 教务 dean of students 教导主任 department chairman 系主任 professor 教授
associate professor 副教授 guest professor 客座教授 lecturer 讲师
teaching assistant 助教 supervisor 论文导师 post doctorate 博士后 doctor(Ph.D) 博士 master 硕士 bachelor 学士
graduate student 研究生 abroad student 留学生 undergraduate 本科生
government-supported student 公费生 commoner 自费生 day-student 走读生 boarder 寄宿生
evening student 夜校生
guest student 旁听生（英）/auditor 旁听生（美）repeater 留级生
freshman 大学一年级学生
sophomore 大学二年级/高中一年级学生 junior 大学三年级/高中二年级学生 senior 大学四年级/高中三年级学生 alumnus 校友 master 男教师 工作、薪酬词汇
personnel system 人事制度 personnel management 人事管理 office hour 办公时间 company time 工作时间 work hour 工作时间
eight-hour shift 八小时工作制 shift 轮班
morning session 上午班
evening/night shift 小/大夜班 day shift 日班
attendance book 签到本 late book 迟到本 day off 休息日
coffee break 上班中的休息时间 workday 工作日
working condition 工作环境 work permit 工作证 work overtime 加班
holiday rotation 节假日轮流值班
traveling allowance(for official trip) 差旅费 payroll 工资册
salary 薪水 （指付给一个人的固定劳动补偿）
wage 工资 （为劳动或服务所付的报酬，尤指按小时、天数、周或按工作量所付的薪酬） salary raise 加薪 windfall 外快
annual pension 年薪 year-end bonus 年终奖 bonus 奖金 premium 红利
overtime pay 加班费 punch the clock 打卡 time recorder 打卡机 sneak out 开溜 internship 实习 on probation 试用
probation staff 试用人员 agreement of employment 聘书 evaluation of employee 员工考核 employee evaluation form 考核表 merit pay 绩效工资 dock pay 扣薪
unpaid leave 无薪假
before-tax salary 税前薪水 income tax 所得税
take-home pay/after-tax salary 税后净薪 release pay 遣散费 severance pay 解雇费 salary deduction 罚薪 casual leave 事假 sick leave 病假 “五险一金”
endowment insurance 养老保险 medical insurance 医疗保险
unemployment insurance 失业保险
employment injury insurance 工伤保险 maternity insurance 生育保险
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housing fund 住房公积金 连词while的译法
连词while除具有“当时”、“同时”等意义外，根据上下文还有以下不同含义及其不同译法。 一、引导时间状语从句 译作“当„„时”。例如：
1. Make hay while the sun shines. 趁着有太阳晒晒草。（乘机行事，抓紧时机。）
2. We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young. development, development of man and nature, and domestic
development and opening up to the outside world) 7 鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济 encourage, support and guide the growth of the non-public sector of the economy 8 发扬成绩 build on our achievements
9 环保专项治理 special projects to address serious environmental problems
10 保护天然林 protect virgin forests
11 退牧还草 return grazing land to grassland
趁着现在还年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获得更多的知识。 二、引导让步状语从句 常放在句首，译作“尽管”、“虽然”，比although或 though语气要轻。例如：
1. While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it. 虽然我相信那是真的，但我无法证明。
2. While any kind of athletic shoe can provide a certain amount of rebound,
energy-return sneakers are designed to maximize this effect. 虽然任何一种运动鞋都能提供一定的反弹力，但回力运动鞋能够使这种效果最大化。
三、引导条件状语从句
相当于as long as，译作“只要”。例如： 1. While there is life, there is hope. 有生命，就有希望。
2. While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor''s duty to save the patient.
只要病人还有一息生机，医生就有责任挽救。 四、引导原因状语从句
相当于since， 有“既然”的意思。例如：
1. You''ll never save any money while you''re so extravagant. 你这么奢侈，永远存不下钱来。
2. I''d like to get it settled today while we''re at it. 既然我们着手干了，我想今天就把它干完。 五、连接并列句
表示对比，相当于whereas，译作“而”、“可是”。例如： 1. An outdoors man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on a tan after a short vacation in the sun.
从事室外工作的人如果调到室内工作，不久肤色就会变白；而一个伏案工作的文员出去度个短假，就会被太阳变黑。
2. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. 运动是绝对的，而静止是相对的。 六、连接并列句
表示递进，相当于and what is more, 译作“并且”、“而且”。例如： 1. The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful. 新的人造纤维比天然纤维耐磨，因此能大大减少修补工作，而且做好的衣服价廉物美，数量也多。
2. Of course, I resolutely determined not to marry, while I quite forgot to consider at all that great rock of disaster in the working-class world-- sickness.
当然, 我下定决心不结婚，而且把工人阶级的巨大灾难——疾病，也忘得一干二净。 时事政经词汇
1 站在新起点 on a new starting point 2 创新型国家 innovation-oriented country 3 资源节约型社会 resource-conserving society
4 资源型城市转型 transformation of resource-dependent cities 5 区别对待，有保有压 the principle of taking different approaches to different situations and encouraging the growth of some sectors while discouraging the expansion of others 6 “五个统筹” maintain the \"five balances\" (balancing urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social
12 退耕还林还草 return farmland to forests or grassland 13 石漠化 spread of stony deserts
14 防沙治沙 prevent and control desertification
15 生态补偿机制 a mechanism for ecological compensation 16 农村综合试点改革 trials of comprehensive rural reform 17 农机具补贴 subsidies for agricultural machinery and tools 18 良种补贴 subsidies for growing superior grain cultivators 19 多予少取放活 the policy of giving more, taking less and loosening control (to increase rural incomes)
20 “三提五统” \"three deductions\" (for public reserve funds, public welfare funds and management fees) and the \"five charges\" (charges for rural education, family planning, militia training, rural road construction and subsidies to entitled groups) 21 看病难、看病贵，上学难、上学贵 the difficulty and high cost of getting medical treatment and receiving an education 22 粮食安全 food safety
23 农村劳动力转移培训 job training for farm laborers looking for urban employment
24 防止“一哄而起” avoid herd mentality
25 农村信用社 the system of rural credit cooperatives 26 牧业税 livestock tax 27 资源税 resource tax
28 农业面源污染 widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area
29 性关闭破产 policy-based closure and bankruptcy
30 企业分离办社会 relieve enterprises of their obligation to operate social programs
31 城市和国有企业厂办大集体 collectively owned factories operated by state-owned enterprises and cities
32 上市公司股权分置改革 reform of the shareholder structure of listed companies
33 人民币汇率形成机制改革 reform of the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate
34 利率形成和传导机制 setting and transmitting interest rates 35 国债余额管理方式 the method of outstanding balance management for its national debt
36 建立财政性科技投入稳定增长机制 establish a mechanism to ensure stable growth of government investment in science and technology
37 坚持国家绝对控股 keep a controlling share in the state''s hands
38 强化银行资本充足率约束 strengthen capital requirements for banks
39 收支分类改革reformation of the classification of government revenue and expenditures
40 投资主体和产权多元化 investment from various sources and diversified ownership 41 完善国有资产监管，健全国有资本经营预算制度、经营业绩考核体系和国有资产重大损失责任追究制度 strengthen the oversight system for state assets by establishing a sound operating and budget system for state capital, a sound performance evaluation system and a sound system for assigning responsibility for major losses of state assets
42 提高系统集成能力 improve systems integration
43 控制新增产能 control expansion of production capacity
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44 废物综合利用和废旧资源回收利用 comprehensive utilization of waste materials and recovery and recycling of used resources 45 资源开发补偿机制、衰退产业援助机制 mechanisms to compensate for resource depletion and to aid declining industries
46 突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系 medical treatment system for public health emergencies
47 乡镇卫生院 health clinics in towns and townships
48 公共文化基础设施 culture-related facilities for public use 49 城市低保对象 urban residents entitled to basic living allowances
50 完善城市低保制度 improve the system of urban subsistence allowances
51 重点优抚对象 key entitled groups
52 国家统一的职务与级别相结合的工资制度和工资正常增长机制 a unified national salary system based on position and rank and a mechanism for regular pay increases
53 保持先进性 keep CPC members progressive, innovative and forward-thinking
兴边富民 vitalize border areas and enrich the people living there
55 西部地区“两基”攻坚计划 the plan to make nine-year compulsory education universal and to eliminate illiteracy among the young and middle-aged in the western region
56 项目核准与备案 project approval and record-keeping
57 完善境外投资协调机制和风险控制机制 improve the mechanisms for coordinating overseas investment and risk management 58 过渡期 transitional period
59 官煤勾结 government officials in cahoots with coalmine operators
government officials act in collusion with coalmine operators 60重点抽查 spot test with a focus on; a spot test focusing on 61 采煤沉陷区 sinkholes in coal mining areas 棚户区 shantytowns
62 传销及变相传销 pyramid schemes and the ones in disguised forms
63 手机实名制 mobile phone identification policy
福利 corruption in the execution of welfare policy 65 内外资企业所得税统一 the unity of income taxes levied from domestic and foreign-funded enterprises
66 论文崇拜 the worship of research paper; the worship of scientific paper 67 以房养老 use house property as the living means for one''s old age; using house property as the living means for the aged 68 《中华人民共和国公司法》 Company Law of the People''s Republic of China 69 《重大动物疫情应急条例》 Emergency Measures for Handling Major Animal Epidemics 70《关于预防煤矿生产安全事故的特别规定》 Special Regulations for Preventing Coalmine Accidents
71 《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》Master State Plan for Rapid Response to Public Emergencies
72 《信访条例》Regulations on Petitions in the Form of Letters and Visits
73．按资排辈assign priority according to seniority 我们要杜绝教师队伍中按资排辈，干好干坏一个样的现象。
We should try to eliminate the phenomenon of assigning priority according to seniority and equalitarianism among teachers. 74. 暗箱操作 black case work；under the table deals (underhand deals, under the counter deals) 75 为了杜绝暗箱操作，参建单位目前与供水工程总指挥部签定了质量、安全终身责任书。
To stop the “black case work”, the unit joining into the construction signed the Lifelong Quality and Safety Contract with the water-providing engineering headquarters.
76. 把关guard a pass; check on; maintain a strict standard 77 我们要对公开的听证会严格把关，防止听证会过多、过滥。 We should maintain a strict standard for public hearings to avoid excessive and low-quality ones.
78. 把握大局grasp the overall situation; make a correct political judgment
青年人必须不断提高自己，善于从政治上正确判断形势，进而把握大局。 The youth should improve themselves at any time, making a correct judgment on political condition to grasp overall situation. 79. 白马王子prince charming
大多数浪漫的女孩都想嫁给心中的白马王子，但结果却是一场空。 Hoping to marry their prince charming, most romantic-minded girls get their wishes to come to nothing.
80. 摆花架子show off oneself; present an attractive façade but in reality lacking substance; put on a hollow display; strike a pose
现在的许多干部在工作中为了表现自己往往摆花架子。
Nowadays, many cadres tend to put on a hollow display in their work.
81. 半拉子工程uncompleted project; never to be completed 一幢乡村小学的教学楼，建了7年还是个“半拉子工程”。
The teaching building in a village school remains uncompleted though it was started seven years ago.
82. 包干到户work contracted to households; farm and other work contracted to households; household contracted system
在农村改革中，包产到户和包干到户的推广受到大多数农民的欢迎。 In the rural reform, work and production contracted to households were welcomed by most farmers
83. 保税区tariff-free zone; bonded area; bonded area, free-trade zone
据了解，、开发区、保税区等73个单位参加了这次竞争上岗的活动。
It is learned that seventy-three units from the government, development region and the tariff-free zone participated in the competition for posts activity.
84. 奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life (moderate prosperity, a nation of moderate prosperity on all fronts, relatively comfortable life; comfortable living standard) 21世纪，是中国踏步奔小康，基本实现现代化的时期。
The 21st century is a good time for Chinese people to strive for a relatively comfortable life in big steps and realize modernization on the whole.
85. 重复引进introduction of redundant technical facilities; importation of redundant technical facilities; repeated importation of equipment and technology 引进先进技术、设备是必要的。但是我们的立足点要放在吸收、创新上，不能走重复引进的路子。
It is necessary to introduce advanced technology and equipment. However, we should focus on absorption and innovation instead of lingering on importation of redundant technical facilities. 86. 出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports
该市农产品年出口创汇能力已突破1000万美元，是结构调整前的80多倍。 The capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports of the city’s agricultural products has reached 10 million US dollars, 80 times before the restructuring. 87. 出口加工区
export processing zone; areas for processing export products 经国家批准，成都建设了出口加工区，为项目进入提供了良好的环境。 With the state permission, Chengdu has constructed the export processing zone, which provides a good environment for introducing projects.
88. 创业园high-tech business incubator; pioneer park
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我们必须加强创新创业的环境建设，努力抓好大学科技园、软件园和其他科技创业园的能力建设。
We must strengthen the environmental construction of innovative undertaking and work hard on the capacity construction of science and technology parks of universities, software parks and other science and technology pioneer parks.
. 促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy
网络时代的文化碰撞对促进全球经济一体化的进程，加快知识经济时代的到来，无疑起了推波助澜的作用。
No doubt the cultural impact of the Internet epoch plays an important role in fostering integration with the global economy and ushering in the epoch of knowledge economy. 90 National People’s Congress 全国人民代表大会
91 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议
92 11th Five-year Development Program 十一五发展规划 93 Innovation-oriented Society 创新型社会
94 Scientific Concept of Development 科学发展观 95 Township Health Service 城乡医疗服务
96 Elimination of Rural Compulsory Education Charges 取消农村义务教育收费
97 Building a New Socialist Countryside 建设社会主义新农村 98 Cross-straits peace and stability 两岸和平与稳定
99 Increase the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate 增加人民币汇率的灵活性
100 Rescind agriculture tax 废除农业税
101 社会化服务体系 commercialized/outsourced services 102 经营性社会事业项目 public services; profit-making public services 103 投资项目代建制
to serve as an agent for government-invested projects 104 盘活基础设施存量资产
activate the existing infrastructure assets activate the existing assets in stock 105 在京高等教育资源优势 the concentration of high education resources under the central authorities located in Beijing 106 光机电一体化
optomechatronics (the integration of optics, mechanics and electronics)
107 加大对收受回扣、“红包”和乱收费等问题的治理力度 redouble efforts to prevent kickbacks, “red envelope” bribes and other improper charges in medical service
108 反省侵略历史 reproach itself for its past aggression 109 当局 the Taiwan authorities 110 采用非和平方式
employ/resort to/use/adopt non-peaceful means 111 海峡 the Taiwan Straits/Strait 112 经济适用房 affordable housing;
government subsidized housing(apartments/flats) 113 尊重人才 value competent/professional people 114 思想道德建设 moral/ethical education
115 现在达到的小康还是低水平的、不全面的、发展很不平衡的小康 The kind of “xiaokang”(moderate prosperity) obtained so far is still a low-level, incomplete and unbalanced one. 116 社会主义民主政治建设 improve socialist democracy 117 党和国家的集中统一
the centralization and unity of the Party as well as the state 118 加强党性修养 cultivate their Party spirit 119 政治优势 political advantage
120 人文交流 cultural and educational exchanges
121．使大多数亏损企业扭亏为盈 to bring the majority of money-losing firms into the black
122．亏损企业 loss-generating enterprises 123．国有企业重组 to regroup SOEs 124．成长型企业市场 （指二板市场）growing enterprise market (GEM) 125．下岗工人基本生活津贴 the basic living allowance for laid-off workers
126．就业 hidden employment 127．网络公司 a web-based economy
128．国家发展计划委员会 the State Development Planning Commission
129．费改税改革 tax-for-fees reform 130．国库券 treasury bonds
131．扩大住房贷款，助学贷款和大件消费品贷款 to expand housing loans, student loans and major commodity loans 132．债转股 debt-to-equity swap
133．剪彩仪式 ribbon-cutting ceremonies 134．经济房 low-cost housing
135．不良贷款 non-performing loans
136．起草社会治安法 to draft a social security law 137．制定反贪法规 anti-corruption legislation
138．资源丰富的内陆地区 （指中国西部）the resource-rich hinterland
139．长江流域的生态掩体 an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley
140．海峡 cross-Strait relations 141．基层监督 grass-roots supervision
142．西部大开发战略 develop-the-west strategy 143．不进则退no progress simply means regression 144．医疗改革 health care reform
145．农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor force 146．年度国家预算annual state budge
147．扩大内需，刺激消费 to expand domestic demand and stimulate consumption
148．生计问题 bread-and-butter issue 149．乡镇企业 township enterprises 150．生态建筑 ecological construction
151．国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOE)
152．人均国内生产总值 per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) 153．国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP) 1．弱势群体 disadvantaged groups
(对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。Special employment assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups.) 155．西电东送 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region
156．加快经济结构调整 to accelerate economic restructuring 157．购买力 purchasing power
158．城镇社会保障体系 urban social security system
159．下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowances for laid-off workers
160．离退休人员基本养老金 basic pensions for retirees
161．特困行业和企业industries and enterprises in dire straits 162．试点项目 pilot project
163．抵抗全球经济衰退 to combat the global economic slump 1 全程办事代理制 full range agent service， through agent service 165. “一站式”办公 one-stop service
166. 降低企业准入门槛 to lower the threshold for market entry (access)
167. 工伤保险 work-related injury insurance 168. 社会守法意识、公德意识有待增强
to strengthen law-abiding and social ethics awareness 169. 城市快速路 city expressway
170. 城市主干路 city thoroughfare/avenue 171. 公共客运系统 mass transit system 172. 建设园林景观道路 to landscape roads
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173．善于同„„周旋 to tactfully deal with 174. 主导因素 leading（dominant）factor 175. 忧患意识和塑造意识
sense of urgency and willingness to initiate (to shape things)
176. 两元经济结构 urban-rural dual economy 177. 科学发展观
to take a scientific approach to development to pursue a scientific strategy of development 178. 第十一个五年规划 规划：guidelines the Eleventh Five-Year Development Guidelines 179. 生活垃圾无害化处理
domestic garbage was harmlessly treated innocuous disposal of domestic garbage 180. 绿化覆盖率 greenery coverage
181. 农村土地确权 verify/establish rural land-use rights 182. 多点支撑的增长局面初步形成 economic growth has been brought by multiple props/driving forces/multi-stimuli economic growth has been driven by „ * 经济增长点：growth areas/growth sectors 183. 会展经济 conference economy 184. 城乡一体的紧急医疗救援体系
integrated urban-rural emergency medical service system 185. 山区搬迁 relocate/resettle mountain inhabitants 186．节约型发展道路 resource efficient (conservation/thrifty) development strategy
187. 中等收入阶层 middle-income group (section)
188. 中国特色的人力资源优势 China’s advantage in human resources
1. 世界经验还要借鉴下去，中国特色还要坚持下去。 We will continue to draw on foreign experience while maintaining Chinese characteristics. 190. (消费结构)基本生活型
consumption pattern of low-income groups (国外经济学) consumption pattern of meeting the basic needs of life 191. 现代生活型 modern-life consumption pattern 192. 住房公积金 publicly accumulated housing fund housing fund
193. (在爱滋病区)实行免费匿名检测 free and confidential test 194. 民主政治 democracy
195. (政协)反映社情 to reflect social conditions and public opinion
196． 赢得主动 (从实际情况出发, 选择适合国情的发展模式是赢得主动, 加快发展的关键。) to take the initiative to gain the upper hand to master the situation 197. 保持先进性
to maintain the vanguard nature (of the Communists) 198. 整体资源 (加强互利合作，运用整体资源是应对全球化的有效途径。)
to use pooled (all/aggregate) resources 199. 能耗转移 (随着世界制造业向中国大规模转移，也带来一定程度的“能耗转移”。)
The massive shift of manufacturing to China has also brought about a transfer of energy consumption to a certain degree. 200. 中国的自身发展 China’s own development
201. 两难问题（在经济和社会协调过程中一系列两难问题的挑战） dilemma in the process of coordinating economic and social development
202 高投入，高消耗，高污染的旧式工业化道路
the old-style industrialization characterized by（with/featuring）high input, high consumption and high pollution 203. 不合时宜的社会治理模式 outdated governance 204. 后兴大国 late-coming/late coming power catching-up power
205. 后发优势 advantages of a late comer * 经济学: catching-up effect
206. 后发现代化国家 China, a late-comer in modernization 207. 以意识形态划线的冷战思维 the cold-war mentality （thinking）of alignment by ideologies
208．全国高票通过《反国家法》(实际上没有反对票)。 The NPC passed the Anti-Secession Law with no dissenting/opposing votes.
209. 两国边境地区可以说是阡陌相通, 鸡犬之声相闻 (中缅关系)。 China and Myanmar are close neighbors with their border people living within hailing distance.
210. 中国打击知识产权违法行为是坚定不移和毫不手软的。 The Chinese government is firm and resolute in fighting IPR violations.
211. 我们不应该厚此薄彼。
We should not favor one to the neglect of the other. We should not play favoritism. 212. 走自己的路,让别人说去吧。
Go one’s own way, whatever others may say. 213. 反法是被逼出来的。
We have no choice but to enact the Anti-Secession Law. The Anti-Secession Law is driven by circumstances. The Anti-Secession Law is enacted under compelling circumstances. 214. 三十而立, 四十不惑。
At the age of 30, a man should be able to stand on his own feet; at 40, he should be able to avoid perplexities. 215. 讲公道话, 办公道事。 Be fair in word and deed.
216 黄金发展期 golden(rare/prime) period of development 217. 矛盾凸显期 (二十一世纪上半叶,我们既面临”黄金发展期”,又面对矛盾凸显期。)
a period of increasing problems a period of major challenges 218．红色旅游 red tourism
219红色旅游区red tourist destinations (sites/spots)related to the history of CPC
tourist destinations (sites/spots) of revolutionary traditional interests
220．红色旅游精品路线
choice (recommended/highlight) tours of revolutionary heritage (tradition)
221．从善如流 to readily follow good advice to do good naturally and happily
to follow good advice as naturally as a river follows its course to take advice with a receptive mind to be open-minded to something to be open to advice and criticism to readily follow what is right 222．仁至义尽
to exercise (show) the utmost restraint/forbearance 223．不能出事
things must be kept within bounds as far as the Taiwan question is concerned
the Taiwan question should not (be allowed to) get out of control 224．拉美国下水
to drag the US into troubled waters (the mire) to make the US hostage to the „ issue
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225．自欺欺人
deceive oneself as well as others self-deception 226．顺，合民情 accord with the popular will and sentiments 227．普遍认为法律条文比较平和，宽松 (反国家法)
The wording of the law is generally considered to be fairly moderate and tolerate in tone 228．（客远包机）节日化
to make charter flights available on festival basis
to make charter flights available for traditional festivals 229．再生资源的回收利用 recyclable use of renewable resources 230．第六届亚欧财长会议 The Sixth Asia-Europe Finance Ministers’ Meeting
231．亚欧新型全面伙伴关系
a new type of comprehensive Asia-Europe partnership 232．采取负责任的宏观经济
to adopt a macro-economic policy in a responsible manner 233．保持主要储备货币间的币值稳定
to maintain stability among major reserve currencies 234．深化财政和金融实质性合作
to enhance substantive cooperation in the fiscal and financial sector
235．经济运行中突出问题
the glaring problems in the economic operation 236．相知无远近，万里尚为邻
Long distances cannot separate true friends sharing one heart; they can be like close neighbors even thousands of miles apart. 237．建立应对经济和金融突发事件的紧急对话机制
to establish a dialogue mechanism in response to economic and financial eventualities
238．建设节约型社会 to build a conservation-conscious society 239．发展循环经济 to develop a circular economy
240．以资源的高效和循环利用，促进经济、社会的可持续发展
to promote sustainable economic and social development through efficient use and reuse of resources
241．坚持资源开发与节约并重，把节约放在首位的方针
to uphold the policy of emphasizing the equal importance of both the exploitation and conservation of resources, giving added weight to the latter
242．全面推进资源节约和综合利用
to push ahead with a nationwide campaign of economizing on and making comprehensive use of resources
243．加大对资源节约和循环利用关键技术的攻关力度
to make greater efforts to develop critical technology for the purpose of conservation and recycle of resources 244．完善有利于节约资源的财税
to further improve the financial and taxation policies so as to encourage resource conservation 245．发展节能型交通运输工具
to develop a new generation of energy-efficient means of transportation
246．开发利用可再生能源
to exploit and utilize renewable energy resources 247．加快节能技术服务体系建设
to speed up the establishment of technical service systems for more efficient use of energy resources 文化产业 cultural industry
文化产业 policies toward the cultural industry 文化创新 cultural innovation
文化公益事业 public cultural undertakings 文化建设 cultural development
文化市场体系 system of markets for cultural products 文化事业 cultural undertakings
文化改革 cultural restructuring
文化与经济和政治相互交融 culture is interactive with economic and political activities
完善公开办事制度 improve the system of keeping the public informed of matters being handled
维制的统一和尊严 safeguard the uniformity and sanctity of the legal system
维护国家统一、民族团结 safeguard national unity and ethnic solidarity
维护司法公正 safeguard judicial justice 围绕中心、服务大局 focus on the central task and serve the overall interests
伪科学 pseudo-science
团结就是力量 solidarity means strength 团结就是胜利 solidarity means victory
推进决策科学化民主化 put decision-making on a more scientific and democratic basis
完善城市居民自治 improve self-governance among urban residents 完善村民自治 improve self-governance among villagers
完善干部职务和职级相结合的制度 improve the system of giving cadres both positions and ranks
提高科学判断形势的能力 improve one’s ability of sizing up the situation in a scientific way
提高立法质量 improve the quality of legislation 提高全民法律素质 people are better educated in law
提高全民健康水平 improve the physique of the entire people 提高执法水平 raise the level of law enforcement 提高总揽全局的能力 enhance one’s ability of commanding the whole situation
司法改革 reform of the judicial system 思想道德体系 ideological and ethical system
思想政治建设 ideological and political development 素质教育 quality-oriented education 提倡多样化 encourage diversity 提高党的领导水平和执政水平 enhance the Party’s art of leadership and governance
树立互信、互利、平等和协作的新安全观 foster a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination
树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观 foster correct world outlook, views on life and values 司法机关 judicial organs
司法审判和检察同司法行政事务相分离 separate judicial adjudication and procuratorial work from administrative affairs 实现公平和正义 guarantee fairness and justice
实现机构和编制的法定化 delimit the structures and sizes statutorily
实现社会主义民主政治的制度化、规范化和程序化 ensure that socialist democracy is institutionalized and standardized and has its procedures
实行民主监督 exercise democratic supervision 世界是丰富多彩的 Ours is a colorful world
事业单位管理 management system of institutions 社会中介组织 intermediaries
社会主义民主政治 socialist democracy
社情反映制度 a system of reporting social conditions and public opinion
深入了解民情、充分反映、广泛集中民智、切实珍惜民力 go deep among the people and get to know how they are faring, reflect their will, pool their wisdom and value their resources 师德 (teachers’) professional ethics
“三个代表”重要思想 the important thought of Three Represents 三军一体、军民兼容、平战结合的联勤保障 integrated logistic support system for the three armed services, for both military and civilian purposes and for both peacetime and wartime
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社会公示制度 a system of keeping the public informed 社会力量办学 nongovernmental sectors run schools 社会听证制度 a system of public hearings 社会治安综合治理 take comprehensive measures to maintain law and order 权责明确、相互配合、相互制约、高效运行的司法 judicial system featuring clearly specified powers and responsibilities, mutual coordination and restraint and highly efficient operation
群众性精神文明创建活动 popular participation in building spiritual civilization
人才合理流动 rational flow of trained people
人财物管理 management system of human, financial and material resources
人事分类管理制度 system of classified management of cadres and personnel
民主监督 democratic supervision 民族精神 national spirit 切身利益 immediate interests
勤俭建军 build the army through diligence and thrift
求真务实、开拓进取的精神 truth-seeking and pioneering spirit 趋利避害 draw on the advantages and avoid disadvantages 全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 领导干部述职述廉制度 system under which leading cadres report on their work and their efforts to perform their duties honestly 面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化 national, scientific and popular socialist culture geared to the needs of modernization, of the world and of the future 民主管理制度 democratic management system
民主集中制是民主基础上的集中和集中指导下的民主相结合的制度 democratic centralism is a system that integrates centralism on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance 科技强军 build a strong army through science and technology 跨越式发展 leapfrog development
扩大公民有序的政治参与 expand citizens’ participation in political affairs in an orderly way
老少边穷地区 old revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, and impoverished areas
立党为公、执政为民 the Party is built for the public and it exercises state power for the people
进行理论思维和战略思维 think on a theoretical plane and in a strategic perspective
精简、统一、效能的原则 principle of simplification, uniformity and efficiency
决策的论证制和责任制 verification system and responsibility system in making policy decisions 决策机关 decision-making organs
军事法规体系 system of military rules and regulations
军政军民团结 solidarity between the army and the government and between the army and the people 开展对话 conduct dialogue
科技练兵 science- and technology-related military training 坚持正确导向 give correct guidance to the public
坚决维护权威 safeguard the authority of the Central Committee
教育创新 innovation in education 教育改革 reform of education
结构合理、配置科学、程序严密、制约有效的权力运行机制 mechanism for the exercise of power featuring reasonable structure, scientific distribution, rigorous procedures and effective restraint
进行和平统一谈判 hold negotiations on peaceful reunification 加强文化法制建设 build up a legal system concerning culture 加强制度建设 concentrate on institutional improvement
驾驭市场经济的能力 abilities of keeping the market economy well
in hand
坚持打防结合、预防为主 combine punishment and prevention, with emphasis on the latter
坚持有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必纠 see to it that there are laws to go by, the laws are observed and strictly enforced, and law-breakers are prosecuted 国家意志 will of the state
合理配置教育资源 allocate education resources rationally 弘扬科学精神 promote the scientific spirit 弘扬主旋律 highlight the themes of the times 互联网站 Internet website
基本行为准则 basic code of conduct
基层自治组织 grassroots self-governing organizations 基础性工作 groundwork
积极防御的军事战略方针 military strategic principle of active defense
加大治本的力度 devote greater efforts to tackling root causes 加强法制宣传教育 give more publicity to the legal system 加强立法工作 strengthen legislation
公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序 a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational 公正司法 judicial justice
党执政 共同利益的汇合点 converging points of common interests
管理有序、文明祥和的新型社区 new-type and well-managed communities featuring civility and harmony
广纳群贤 gather large numbers of talented people
国防动员 mobilization system for national defense
国防科技工业改革 restructuring of defense-related science, technology and industry
国际关系民主化 promote democracy in international relations 国家要统一，民族要复兴 China will be reunified, and the Chinese nation will be rejuvenated
反领导 leadership system against corruption 防卫作战能力 defense capabilities
非传统安全威胁 non-traditional threats to security 丰富民主形式 develop diverse forms of democracy 干部人事制度 cadre and personnel system
干部双重管理 system of dual control over cadres 高知识群体 prominent intellectuals 公共事务 public affairs
公务员制度 system of public servants 公益事业 programs for public good
多重多头执法 duplicate law enforcement 发展民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐的政治局面 develop the political situation characterized by democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony
发展平等团结互助的社会主义民族关系 enhance socialist ethnic relations of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance 法定职能 legal functions 法律援助 legal aid
法制观念 awareness of law
党内情况通报制度、情况反映制度和重大决策征求意见制度 inner-Party information sharing and reporting systems and the system of soliciting opinions concerning major policy decisions 党要管党、从严治党 the Party exercises self-discipline and is strict with its members
管理工作 management of Party membership 党政机关 Party and government organs
党政领导干部职务任期制、辞职制和用人失察失误责任追究制 the system of fixed tenures, the system of resignation and the system of accountability for neglect of supervisory duty or the use of the wrong person with regard to leading cadres of the Party and government
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党总揽全局、协调各方的原则 principle that the Party commands the overall situation and coordinates the efforts of all quarters 电子政务 e-government
负责、步调一致地开展工作 assume one’s responsibilities independently and make concerted efforts in one’s work
公正地行使审判权和检察权 exercise adjudicative and procuratorial powers independently and impartially 多重多头执法 duplicate law enforcement 长治久安 maintain prolonged stability 崇尚科学 respect and promote science 传播先进文化 spread advanced culture
传统安全威胁 traditional threats to security 从严治军 the army must be strict with itself 党的领导方式 the Party’s style of leadership
党的民族 the Party’s policy toward ethnic minorities 党的侨务 the Party’s policy toward overseas Chinese affairs 党的宗教信仰自由 the Party’s policy toward the freedom of religious belief
党风廉政建设责任制 responsibility system for improving the Party’s work style and building clean government
按照客观规律和科学规律办事 act in compliance with objective and scientific laws
八个坚持、八个反对 eight do’s and eight don’ts 主张 eight-point proposal
保持昂扬向上的精神状态 be filled with an enterprising spirit 保证的政令畅通 ensure the Central Committee’s decisions are carried out without fail
标本兼治 address both the symptoms and root causes 不确定因素 uncertainties
参政议政 participation in and deliberation of state affairs 长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, treating each other with all sincerity and sharing weal and woe
长治久安 maintain prolonged stability
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