专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷353 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGE
PART III LANGUAGE USAGE
One major obstacle to economic development is population growth.The populations of most developing countries grew at a rate much faster 【M1】______than that of industrialized countries. One reason for this growth is the high【M2】______crude birth-rate—the number of alive births per 1,000 people. In some 【M3】______developing countries, the population is so large that it is barely enough 【M4】______futile land and other resources to support it. Many less developed countries 【M5】______depend extensively on agriculture, adding to the problem. In these countries, an incentive to having many children exists. Most farms are worked by fam- 【M6】______ ilies, and children can work in the fields at an early age. More children mean 【M7】______ more workers. In addition, having many children ensures the parents that someone will look after them in their old age. Another problem for developing countries is increasing life expectancy—the average remaining lifetime for persons who reach a certain age. Better education, international aid, and emphasis on health-care facilities help people live longer. A high life expectancy coupled with a high crude birthrate make it difficult to increase per 【M8】______ capita GNP. Finally, people have different views on what is the proper rateof population growth. Some feel that the earth is too crowded already and 【M9】______societies should work for zero population growth—the condition in which the average number of births and deaths balances so that a population stops 【M10】______ growing. Others feel that population growth is a natural event and that efforts to disrupt it are morally and religiously wrong.
1． 【M1】
正确答案：grew — grow
解析：这里说的是发展中国家的现状，所以应该用一般现在时。 知识模块：改错
2． 【M2】
正确答案：that — those
解析：代词that的先行词是populations，是复数，所以应该改成those。 知识模块：改错
3． 【M3】
正确答案：alive — live
解析：破折号后面的内容解释crude birth-rate，是每一千人中活的出生人口，那么birth前面的定语应该用live，表示“活的”，如：a live mouse(一只活老鼠)。alive不能作前置定语。也不能用living，living的意思是“(现在)活着的(人)”，如：living oldpeople，the living image，the living等。 知识模块：改错
4． 【M4】
正确答案：it — there
解析：that后面是一个存在句，所以应该把it改成there。 知识模块：改错
5． 【M5】
正确答案：futile — fertile
解析：futile和fertile混淆的话，意思就完全不对了。前者是“无用的、没有结果的”。如futile effort，futile discussion等，后者是“肥沃的、有成果的”，如：fertile land，fertilefish等。 知识模块：改错
6． 【M6】
正确答案：having — have
解析：an incentive to的意思是“有(做某事的)动力”，to为不定式符号，后接动词原形，如：There is no incentive for him to work hard． 知识模块：改错
7． 【M7】
正确答案：mean — means
解析：虽然主语more children看起来是复数，但是这只表示一个现象“孩子多”，在意义上是单数，所以根据意义一致原则谓语动词应当用单数形式。类似的例子还有：Fiftydollars is alarge sum for a child． 知识模块：改错
8． 【M8】
正确答案：make — makes
解析：尽管主语是a high life expectancy coupled with a high crude birthrate，但是它的中心词是a high life expectancy，所以谓语动词应该是第三人称单数形式。 知识模块：改错
9． 【M9】
正确答案：and∧—that
解析：分句societies should work for zero population growth是动词feel的宾语，通过and和前面that引导的宾语从句并列，所以这里的that不能省略。 知识模块：改错
10． 【M10】
正确答案：balances — balance
解析：这一题有一定难度。主语是the average number of births and deaths，那么它是单数吗?仔细分析，我们会发现，并不是介词词组of births and deaths修饰名词中心词the average number，因为不可能把出生人数和死亡人数的总数加起来算平均数，而应该是出生人数的平均数和死亡人数的平均数，所以主语其实是一个省略的并列结构，完整的应该是the average number of births and the average number of deaths，所以谓语动词应该是复数。 知识模块：改错
Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples of 【M1】______animals that have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it seems likely 【M2】______that a catastrophic event alters the global climate enough to lead to their dis- 【M3】______appearance. More recent extinctions and near-extinctions—such as the bluewhales, tiger, panda, and North American bison—have been the direct result 【M4】______of human activity. By the early 1990s, species were becoming extinct at a rate of three per hour, or 27,000 every year—a figure quoted by the American biologist Edward O. Wilson of Harvard University, based on his most conservative estimates. This rate of extinctions carries with it some terrible consequences. Each plant that becomes extinct, for example, may take withit as much as 30 insects and animals that depend on it for food. Habitat loss 【M5】______is one of the most important causes of extinction. For rising populations in 【M6】______many countries lead to the clearing of more land, habitats such as raining 【M7】______forests and grasslands disappear. In the East Africa, once renowned for its wildlife, few wild animals re- 【M8】______main living outside the boundaries of national parks and game reserves. In 【M9】______other parts of the world, coastal ecosystems are clearing for development. 【M10】______Wetland areas are drying out as a result of water extraction to support farming and tourism. Bird species are among the worst affected by the loss of wetlands.
11． 【M1】
正确答案：saber-tooth — saber-toothed
解析：如果是“形容词+名词”作前置修饰语，那么名词要加一ed词缀，如red-haired、black—eyed等。 知识模块：改错
12． 【M2】
正确答案：∧case — the
解析：in case of和in the case of的意思是不同的，前者的意思是“万一”，如：In case of fire，press the red button．后者的意思是“在……的情况中”，如：Tom fails because he isslow,but in the case of Mary,she is just not hard-working
enough． 知识模块：改错
13． 【M3】
正确答案：alters — altered
解析：这里谈的是恐龙灭绝的时期，所以时间是过去。 知识模块：改错
14． 【M4】
正确答案：whales — whale 解析：“定冠词+可数名词的复数”是特指，所以the blue whales是特指，但是上下文并没有提及特定的蓝鲸，从整个句子的意思来看，这里是指物种，是类指，所以应该用“定冠词+可数名词单数”形式。 知识模块：改错
15． 【M5】
正确答案：much — many
解析：as…as后面的名词是insects and animals，是可数名词，所以应该说as many as。 知识模块：改错
16． 【M6】
正确答案：For — As/Since
解析：尽管for作为连词可以引导原因状语分句，但是它一般不放在句首，所以应该改成since或as。 知识模块：改错
17． 【M7】
正确答案：raining — rain 解析：(热带的)雨林应该表达为rain forest而不是raining forests。 知识模块：改错
18． 【M8】
正确答案：the — / 解析：East Africa是专有名词，大多数人名和地名的专有名词前不加定冠词。如：East China。但是应该说the eastern part of China。 知识模块：改错
19． 【M9】
正确答案：living — alive
解析：remain是系动词，后面的形容词是主语补足语，living不能作主语补足语，应该改成alive。 知识模块：改错
20． 【M10】
正确答案：clearing — cleared
解析：clear作为动词有“扫除(障碍)”这个意思，这时它是及物动词，如：The firemenhave cleared rubbles for entry into the building．那么它的被动语态是Rubbles have beencleared for entry into the building． 知识模块：改错
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