动名词
《语法讲解》
一、动名词的句法功能
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 （一）、作主语
1） 直接位于句首做主语。 Read ing is an art.读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数
2） 用it作形式主语，把动名词（真实主语）置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：
It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure … + v.i ng
〖注意〗:important, essential necessary等形容词后面不用动名词（常用不定 式）。 3） 动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格， 构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：
Their coming to help was a great en courageme nt to us.他们前来帮忙对我们来说 是极大的鼓舞。
Lao Li ' s going there won ' t be of mu老李去去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语
（1） 作动词的宾语
*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时 只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式 。常见 的此类动词有: advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, con sider, enjoy, fini sh, cannot help, imagi ne. in elude, keep, keep on. mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postp one推 迟），deny（否认）,appreciate 欣赏，感激）,escape, excuse, pardon, can d,'pustaf） give up 等。如：
Would you mi nd ope ning the wi ndow?P 吧窗户打开好吗？
She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spri ng out ing 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn ' t help 看了这ng画，他禁不住大笑起来。 * 在下面这种结构中也可以用 动名词（短语）做宾语 ：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语） + no use/no good/useless …+ v（真正宾语）.
I found it pleasa nt walk ing along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you con sider it any good tryi ng aga in?你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。
The music is well worth liste ning to more tha n on ce.这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 （2） 作介词的宾语
* 能接 动名词 的 短语有:think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop …他口 …，depend on, set about, succeed （in）, worry about, burst out,
be good at, do well in, be fond of, be in terested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spe nd
insist on, be/get used to, devote •…to •…，look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, feel like, prefer …to …，instead of, in等0等8 of
We are thi nking of making a new pla n for the n ext term. 我们正考虑为下学期制 疋新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get dow n to doing our work ?我们休息呢还是开始干活？ *在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：
(1) S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time (in) +v.i ng (2) S + speng time/money + (in) +Ving (3) S + be busy + (in) +V.ing (4) S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing (立即 ...... •) We are busy (in) prepari ng for the coming sports meet.
Do you have any difficulty (in) un dersta nding spoke n En glish? (三) 、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或 what引导的名词性 从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互 _____ 换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. (Be ing laughed at is what I hate most.) (四) 、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：
a walk ing stick = a stick for walk in g=a stick which is used for walk ing
a wash ing machi ne=a mach ine for washi ng=a machi ne which is used for wash ing 二、动名词的复合结构
带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构 。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的 主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上 物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词 的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的 谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从 句、宾语从句、表语从句。如： Her coming to help en couraged all of us.
(=That she came to help en couraged all of us.)
Jane' s being careless caused so much trou简勺粗心惹来了不少麻烦。
(=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)
在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格， 名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如： Would you mi nd my/me using your computer?用下你的电脑介意吗？
The father insisted on his son' s/hson going to college.爸爸坚决要求儿子上大 学。 His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry.他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。 例: I would appreciate _______ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call C. you calling D. you' re calling (Key： C；换成 your calling也对)
在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普诵格或人称代词宾语： a. 无命名词
The baby was made awake by the door sudde nly shutt ing. b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义 Have you ever heard of wome n practis ing box ing?你听说过妇女练拳击吗？ c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列 Do you remember your parents and me telling about this?三、动名词的时态和语态 三、动名词的时态和语态如下：
一般式 元成式 （一）时态
主动语态、 doing having done 被动语态、 being done having been done 1、动名词一般式:表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、 现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的动作。 I hate talki ng with such people.我讨厌与这样的人说话。 Bei ng careless is not a good habit.粗心不是一个好习惯。 2、动名词的完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 I don ' t remember having met him befo我.记不得以前见过他。 Thank you for hav ing tak ing so much trouble to help.谢谢你费力帮忙。
（二）语态
动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。 （1） 它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如:
I don ' t like being laughed at in publi在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。 He came in without being asked.没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。 （2） 它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如:
I am very pleased at your hav ing bee n hono ured with a medal.
（3） 在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动 词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：
Excuse me for being late.我来晚了请你原谅。 I don ' t remember ever meeting somewhe我记不得原来在什么地方见过。 Thank you for giving us so much help.谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。 四、动名词的否定式：not + V.ing
I regret not bei ng able to help you.我很抱歉不能帮助你。
I apologize for not hav ing waited for you.没有等你，我向你表示歉意。
《语法练习》
I、单项选择：
1. No one enjoys _____ at.
A. laugh ing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2. You must do someth ing to preve nt your house _____ . A. to be broke n in B. from being broke n in C. to break in D. from break ing in 3. They in sisted on _____ ano ther cha nee to try. A. give n B. giving C. being give n D. to be give n
insist on, be/get used to, devote •…to •…，look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, 4. --- Where is my passport? I remember ______ it here.--- You shouldn't have left it here. Remember _____ it with you all the time. A. to put ； to take B. putting； taking C. putting； to take D. to put；taking 5. ____________________ His room needs ________ , so he must have it . A. painting ；painted B. painted；painting C. painting；painting D. painted；painted 6. ______________________________________ After finishing his homework he went on _______________________________________ a letter to his parents. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write
7.The young trees we planted last week require ______ with great care. A. looking after B. to look after
C. to be looked after D. taken good care of 8.Only ______ English doesn't mean ______ the language. A. to learn；to learn B. learning； learning
C. learning about；learn D. learning about； learning
9.She returned home only to find the door open and something ______ A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 10.She decided to devote herself _____ the problem of old age. A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study 11. ________________ Remember the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back 12. _____________________________ As she is looking forward to _______ from me, please remember _________________ this letter on your way to school. A. hear；post B. hearing； to post C. be heard；posting D. be hearing；to posting 13. _________________________________________ Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _____________________________________ your handwriting. A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing 14. _____________________________ Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15. ___________________ We appreciate us to the ball. A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited 16. ____________________ Would you mind __________________ quiet for a moment? I'm trying ______________ a form.
A. keeping；filling out B. to keep； to fill out C. keeping；to fill out D. to keep； filling out 17. ___________________ He was afraid for being late. A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen 18.I'd like to suggest ______ the meeting till next week. A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off 19.I don't see how I could possibly manage ______ the work without ______ A. finish ；helping B. to finish ；being helped C. finishing ； helping D. finishing ；being helped 20. Anything worth ______ is worthy of _____ well. A. doing ；being done B. doing；doing
C. to be done；to be done D. to be done； being done
21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _____ the work.
A. finish B. to finish C. in finishing D. on finishing
22. I delayed ______ your letter because I had been away for a week. A. answe 1ab1 r B. answering C. writing D. to post
23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _____ by the police. A. to be caught B. be caught C. being caught D. catching
24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I _____ it at home. Then I remembered ______ it out to pay for the taxi.
A. must have left；to take B. may leave；taking C. might leave；to take D. could have left； taking 25. _____ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.
A. After hearing B. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard 26. _____ his mother, the baby could not help _____ . A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing； to laugh C. Seeing； laughing D. To see；laughing
27.It's no use ______ so much money on clothes. A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent 28.The sentence needs _______ .
A. improve B. a improvement C. improving D. improved
29.If he succeeded ______ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.
A. to find B. to look for C. in finding D. in looking for
30.I still remember ______ to my home town when I was young. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. to take U、填入动名词的适当形式：
1. ___________________________ Can you imagine yourself in a lonely island? (stay) 2.I can't understand your _____ at that poor child. (laugh) 3.She didn't mind ______ overtime. (work)
4. ____________________________ To make a living, he tried , , and various other things, but he had
failed in all. (write; paint)
5. _________________________________ We are looking forward to Mary's . (come) 6.She was praised for ______ the life of the child. (save) 7.She ought to be praised instead of ______ . (criticize). 8.Is there any possibility of our ______ the championship? (win) 9.He came to the party without ______ . (invite) 川、将下列句子译成英语： 1. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳 . 2. 今天去没有用 , 他不会在家 . 3. 你写完作文了吗 ? 4. 请原谅我来晚了 .
5. 他不声不响地走了进来
6•他走进来了，没有被看见.
W、完形填空
When we talk about a bad man, we like to call him a “wolf ” . But is it really true that the wolf sta nds for devil and ugli nesQ Have you read the book “ The Wolf Totem a”famous writer Jia ng Rong, which
tells the story of the relati on ship betwee n wolves and huma n bein gs? Have you ever 丄 the wolves' world? If you had, you would _2_ [|牴 WoIvCS,
In the book, wolves are heroes on the large grassla nd. They know more abou!3 tha n huma ns. They can attack lambs without disturb ing their mothers. They also know how to 4 full use of the shape of land to 5 sheep. I believe that if wolves were huma ns, they would be _6_
The wolf is a kind of special creature that can deeply understand _7 . Each wolf serves its group with its heart and soul. A _8 wolf has little power, but a pack of away together. It is their teamwork _11 m也尽 wolves powcriLl
wolves _9 nothing. All the wolves obey the rules. 10 they are defeated, they run
The wolves also have great self-respect and won't 12 to anyone. The writer, who wrote the book “ The Wolf Totkaistole ,ao ne-m on th-old baby wolf and raised it very carefully. To his 14 , he found the little wolf still wan ted to go back with 15 wolves. He bit through the iron chain that limited him. The wolf was _16_ and he never gave in, fighti ng 17
I was shocked by this kind of 18 : wolves are one of the most respected creatures on earth. I want
every one to look at wolves in a 19way. They are our teachers. They show
us how to survive and _20 in this not simple and dan gerous world. Please honor the wolves, please honor all these heroes of n ature!
1. A. talked about B. walked into C. thought about D, Qrcd for 2. A. h unt B. admire C. draw D. watch 3. A. space B. spot C. food 4. A. make B. take C. have D. get
D surnval
5. A. fight 6. A. special 7. A. operati on 8. A. si ngle 9. A. fight 10. A. As for 11. A. what 12. A. turn in 13. A. once B. avoid
B. imagi native B. teamwork B. brave B. struggle B. As though B. he B. give in B. just
C. trap
C. outsta nding C. lifestyle D. con trol C. l on ely C. fear D. fail
C. Even so C. that C. take in C.soon D, onlv
D. discover D fair
D Even if
D one D break in
14. A. satisfacti B. disappo in tme nt C. pleasure D. on sorrow 15. A. rest B. others C. ano ther D. the other 16. A. proud B. satisfied C. willi ng D. eager 17. A. until B. although C. before D. uni ess
18. A. selfless ness B. self-c on fide nee C. self-respect D. self-protect ion 19. A. curious B. different C. strange D, llUIllOrOUS
20. A. walk IV :阅读理解
B. ha nd C. get D. Succeed
A篇
IS IT TIME TO GET MP3?
Your computer has bee n play ing music for years, one CD at a time. Now hun dreds of songs can be stored in your PCpersonal computer) if they ' re in the MP3 format. What is it?
MP3 compressesmusic in to small computer frie ndly files. You accessMP3 music several ways : Music can be dow nl oaded from websites that have con verted vast music libraries in to MP3. Or you can prerecord CDs in to your PC and convert songs in minutes into MP3. Once MP3 music is on your PC ' s hard drive, you can play it through
your computer ' s speakers, “ burn ” it onto blank CDs or exchange MP3 files with friends using E-mail. How much?
Software n eeded to play and con vert MP3 music is ofte n free. It comes prei nstalled on most new computers or can be dow nl oaded from many websites, in clud ing MP3. com. Some MP3 sites are free. Just type “ MP3sites into any search engine. The popular MP3 players start at around $50a nd can hold hun dreds of son gs. A bla nk CD on which you can record music costs about a dollar. Advantages
MP3 turns your home PC into a tape recorder. Tiny MP3 players are the size of a card, making it easy to take hundreds of songs with you. Disadvantages
You may find that music at many sites is limited. And some only allow you to listen rather than download offerings. Others let you download music that then can
to MP3 players. And a grow ing nu mber of new CDs make it impossible to copy songs to a computer. 1. How can you get MP3 music?
A. By turning your home PC into a tape recorder B. By tak ing your own music or songs with you
C. By copy ing songs to a PC through the speakers.
D. By dow nl oad ing from websites which have con verted music libraries into MP3. 2. Which is NOT true to the passage?
A. Software n eeded to play and convert MP3 music is ofte n free of charge. B. MP3 music can be with friends by e-mail.
C. MP3 music can be downloaded for free at any site.
D. A greater nu mber of new CDs make it possible to copy songs to a computer. 3. The underlined word “ burn ” probably means ___ . A. fire B. cha nge C. dow nl oad D. play 4. How much will you pay for a MP3 player? A. Free of charge. B. Free dow nl oadi ng. C. At least fifty dollars. D. About a dollar.
' t be，
Tokyo: The world ' s oldest man, retired Japanese silkworm breeder Yukichi Chuganji, died in his home at the age of 114, on Mon day. Family members found him dead on his mattress. Born on March 23,
1889, Chuganji worked as a silkworm breeder and bank employee after leav ing school. He also served as a com mun ity welfar 福禾U） officer. He had bee n in god health, talk ing daily with his family members.
Washi ngton: Every America n dislikes people who talk on cell phones while driv ing, eve n those who do that kind of act. In the State of New Jersey, 84 perce nt of 968 cell phone owners said in rece nt telepho ne survey that they would support a state ba禁（令） on the use of cell phones while driv ing. However, 42 perce nt of cell pho ne owners also said they used the devices “very often ” or “sometimes ” while driving. Although most
agree that the banning is good, only 38 perce nt believed such a ban would be easy to en force（实施）. New York: A woma n in the US who was being attacked by a dog said she was saved from further harm whe n her 13-year-old daughter distracted the dog by scream ing “ You
want a piece of me? ” and kicked it repeatedly in the headHJarell said she and her daughter, Elizabeth,
were tak ing a walk around the n eighborhood on Saturday eve ning whe n they came across he big dog, un cha in ed.
6. The main idea of the sec ond n ews is ___ . A. most America ns don ' t like cell pho ne
B. a ban on the use of cell phones has been made C. few people use cell pho nes while driv ing
D. using cell pho nes while driv ing will be banned because most America ns don ' t it
7. The woma n in the US __ . A. was not harmed by the dog
B. raised the dog, which attacked her later
C. was protected from being seriously hurt by her daughter D. had escaped whe n her daughter was kick ing the dog 8. From the n ews we can infer __ .
A. Chuganji was liv ing alone whe n he died
B. the woman ' syb^r-old daughter was very brave C. cell phones are not god devices
D. it ' s easy to enforce the ban n the use of cell phones while driving
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