1. distance cn/un 距离
a short/long distance 短/长距离
a distance of 200 kilometres 200公里的距离 distance between…and… „„之间的距离 distance from…to…
in the distance 在远方
Eg. We saw lights in the distance. 我们看到了远处的点点灯火
I can see the bus coming in the distance. 我看见公共汽车从远处开了过来。 at a distance 稍远处，从远处( from far away)
Eg. The picture looks better at a distance. 这幅画从稍远的地方看就更好。 Keep sb. at a distance 与„„保持一定得距离，同„„疏远
Keep your distance (from sb./sth) （与„）保持距离，疏远，避免（与„）亲近 Eg. She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn’t want to get hurt. 有人告诫她说，如果不想受到伤害，就与查尔斯离得远点。
2. match
1配对 match… to/with sth. vt.○
2与 相配，匹配，相称 match+ n./adj. ○
3使（和）较量/交手/比赛 match… against/with sth. ○
4适应，满足（提供合适的东西）(provide sth. suitable) match the needs of… ○
Eg. Her clothes don’t match her age. 她的服装和年龄不相配。
Something went wrong in matching supply to demand. 供需平衡出了问题。
No one can match her in knowledge of classical music. 在古典音乐知识方面没人能和她匹敌。
He matched his shooting skill against the expert’s. 他和专家比赛射击技术。
1竞赛，比赛 a football match 【附】n.○
2火柴 a box of matches 一盒火柴 strike a match 划火柴，点火 ○
3对手，匹敌者 a match for sb. ○
Eg. I was no match for him at tennis. 打网球我根本不是他的对手。
辨析：match, suit 与 fit
Match 多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配；
Suit 多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等；衣服，颜色等相配，合身；suit one’s taste Fit 多指尺寸、形状、合适，引申为“吻合，协调” Eg. No dish suits all tastes. 众口难调。
I don’t think the coat really suits me. 我觉得这件大衣不大适合我穿。 My new evening dress fits me quite well. 我的新晚礼服很合身。
3. means（单复数同行） 方法，途径，手段；工具 Eg. A car is a means of transport. 汽车是一种交通工具。
Television is an effective means of communication. 电视是一种有效的通信手段。 Is there any means of contacting him? 有没有什么办法可以和他取得联系？
means of transport 交通方式
means of communication 通讯手段
by means of 用„„，依靠„„方法，借助„„手段 by no means 绝不；一点也不
4. take off 1（飞机）起飞 ○
The plane has taken off. 飞机起飞了。
2脱掉（衣服）(take on穿上) take off the coat 脱掉外套 ○
3休息，休假 ○
I’ve decided to take a few days off next week. 我决定下星期休息几天。 land v. 着陆
The plane landed safely. 飞机安全着陆了。
A fly landed on his nose. 一只苍蝇落在了他的鼻子上。
5. refer to
1参考，查阅 refer to a dictionary 查字典 ○
You may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要，可以查阅笔记。 2指的是 ○
You know who I’m referring to. 你知道我指的是谁。 3谈到，提及(to mention) ○
I promise not to refer to the matter again. 我发誓再也不提这件事了。 4涉及，与„„有关( to be connected to sb./sth.) ○
The new law doesn’t refer to land used for farming. 新法与耕地无关。
refer to the dictionary = turn to the dictionary
= look sth. up in the dictionary 查字典
refer to…as… 把„„称作
Eg. Don’t always refer to me as “sir”. 不要老喊我先生。
People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”. 那些在办公室工作的人通常被称为“白领”。
(1) The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______ his notes.
A.bringing up B.referring to C.looking for D.trying on (2) The decision that he referred ______ us.
A. to cheer B. to cheered C. to cheering D. to have cheered 答案：1.B bring up“抚养成人”，look for“寻找”，try on“试穿” 2.B
6. get on 上车，上（交通工具） get off 下车；脱下 【附】get的常见短语：
get around(get about) 四处走动 get away (from)… 离开，远离 get along with sb. 与某人相处
get back 回来，返回；找回，取回
get in 到达(arrive at)；收获，收割，收集(to collect or gather sth.) get the crops/harvest in 收获作物/庄稼 get into 进入 get in a word 插话
get down to sth. 开始认真做某事 get hold of 抓住 get out 泄露
get out of 离开（某地），从„„出来 get over 克服
get rid of 去除，摆脱 get through 通过，完成 get together 相聚，一起
(1) You have to ______a choice. Are you going to leave the job or stay?
A.decide B.get C.do D.make
(2) I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we ______ fine. A.look out B.stay up C.carry on D.get along
(3) Readers can ______quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A.get over B.get in C.get along D.get through 答案：1.D make a choice“做出选择”
2.D look out“当心；向外看”，stay up“熬夜”，carry on“继续，坚持” 3.D get through“通过，穿过，完成”
7. right in the middle 正当中
in the middle of 在„„中间，中部
in the middle of the night 在午夜，半夜 (at midnight) 8. look like 看起来像
Eg. She looks so much like her mother. 她看起来很像她母亲。
Look at the dark cloud. It looks like rain(=it looks as if it’s going to rain). 看看那乌云，好像要下雨了。 【附】look的常见短语：
look around 游览，参观，四处看 look for 寻找，寻求；指望，期待 look forward to 盼望；期望 look in 短暂探访 look into 调查，研究 look on 旁观
look on…as… 把„„看作，把„„视为 look out 小心，当心，留神 look out for 当心，提防 look over 仔细检查
look through 快速查看，浏览 look up 向上看；查找，查阅
(1) The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ______ its
reality.
A.make up B. figure out C. look through D. put off
(2) This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ______my father.
A.find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out 答案：1.B make up“组成；弥补”，look through“快速查看，仔细审核”，put off“推迟
延期”，figure out“分清，弄懂，弄明白，领会”。
2.B pick out“找出，挑出”
9. at midnight 在半夜
at dawn 黎明，破晓 at sunset 在黄昏 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜里
10. try doing 尝试做某事
try to do 努力做某事
Eg. You must try writing letters in English. 你应该尝试用英语来写信。
You must try to write this letter in English. 你应该设法用英语来写这封信。 Try to get there early. 请务必早些赶到那儿。 【附】remember to do sth.记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住已做过的事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 regret to do sth.后悔做过某事 regret doing sth.遗憾要去做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某 mean to do 企图做某事 mean doing 意味着 go on to do 接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事
can′t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can′t help doing 情不自禁做某事
11. be short for… 是„„的简称，缩写 (be… for short) Eg. Dave is short for David. Dave is David for short.
be short of… 缺乏，短缺，不足
be short of resources/energy 资源/能源不足 be in short supply 不充裕，短缺，供应不足
12. Camels were much better than horses for travelling a long distance.
骆驼在长途跋涉方面比马强得多。 句中much 用来修饰形容词的比较级。下列几种形式都可用来修饰形容词、副词比较级。 （1） 程度副词:even, far, much, many, some, any, still, a lot, a great deal 等。 （2） 名词短语: a head taller, three years older 等。 （3） 数词: one more chair, two more weeks 等。
Eg. The students study even harder than before. 学生们比以前学习努力了。 A car runs a great deal faster than a bike. 汽车跑起来比自行车快许多。 【附】修饰最高级的有：
by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like.
Eg: The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上最长的桥。
I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买便宜一点的照相机。
13. supply (supplies, supplying, supplied, supplied)
1un, 供应，供给，提供 n. ○
Eg. The electricity supply had been cut off. 电力供应被切断了。 2cn. 供应量，供给量，储备 ○
a food supply 食物供应 a water supply 水供应 Eg. The water supply is unsafe. 供水不稳定。
Supplies of food are almost exhausted. 储存的食物快吃完了。 3supplies(pl.) 日用品，生活必需品，补给品等 ○
Eg. Our supplies were running out. 我们的补给品快用完了。
v. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.
Eg. They supplied the homeless children with food and clothing.
They supplied food and clothing to the homeless children. 他们为无家可归的儿童提供衣食。 (1) Our farm ______ fruits and vegetables ______ the market.
A. offer; with B. supply; to C. supplied; for D. provided; that (2) More food______ to the poor by the government next week.
A. will be supplied B. will supply C. will give D. were given 答案：1. B offer sth. to sb. “对„„提供„„” 2. A
14. the 1920s 在„„世纪„„年代（必须加the）
in the 1940’s /in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代 in the 1850’s/in the 1850s 在19世纪50年代 【附】年龄的表示法：
表示“在某人十几岁/二十几岁/三十几岁„„九十几岁”时用介词in in one’s teens/twenties/thirties…nineties
(1) It was in______ when he was already in______ that he went to Yan’an.
A.the 1940s; the 40s B.the 1940s; his forties C.1940’s; his forties D.the 1940’s; his 40s (2) It is not rare in______ that people in______ fifties are going to university for further education.
A.90s; the B.the 90s;/ C.1940’s;their D.the 90s; their
答案：1. B 2. D
15. allow 允许
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事
Eg. They do not allow people to smoke in the reading room. 他们不允许在阅览室吸烟。 They do not allow smoking in the reading room.
【附】在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作并与不足语。 doing sth. allow/ advise/ forbid/ permit
sb,to do sth.
allow与permit
用法相同，许多情况下可以互换，只是在词义的强弱上有差异。allow语义较弱，含有“听任，默许，不加阻止”的意思；permit 语义较强，强调“正式认可，批准”的意思。 Eg. The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted. 护士让他留在那里，虽然这是（规定）不允许的。
(1) It isn’t______ to smoke in public places in Beijing.
A.allowed B. permitted C. promised D. let (2) I forbid______ here. Who has permitted you______ here?
A.smoke; smoking B. smoking; to smoke C.smoking; smoking D.to smoke; smoking 答案：1.B 2.B
16. Could I possibly see your ticket? 我能看一下你的票吗？
Could 表示委婉语气。
肯定回答时，常用 sure/ of course/ certainly/ definitely等； 否定回答时，要用sorry, but…/ I’m afraid…，以作委婉拒绝。 Eg. Could I use your mobile phone? 我可以用一下你的手机吗？
Could you tell me the way to the railway station? 你能告诉我去火车站的路吗？ 【附】Could I……? 的回答不能用you could…，而要用you can…或其他。 Could you…? 的回答常用 With pleasure等等。 (1)---Have you been wasting time on computer games again? ---______. I’v been studying a lot and I need a break.
A.No way B.Not really C. I don’t agree D. I couldn’t agree more (2)--- Tony said he could fix my bicycle, but I really doubt it. ---______. He’s very good at this sort of thing.
A.Don’t worry B. I couldn’t agree more C.Of course D.A piece of cake (3)---Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? ---______. I love getting close to nature.
A.I couldn’t agree more B.I’m afraid not C.I believe not D.I don’t think so 答案：1. B “Not really.” 并不是那样的。
2. A I couldn’t agree more. 我非常同意。
”can’t/couldn’t+ 比较级”表示“再„„也不为过”
3. A
17. Would you mind….
mind v. 介意 mind doing sth.
(1) would you mind doing 委婉提出请求
Would you mind giving me a glass of water? 请给我一杯水，好吗？ Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打开窗子吗？ Do you mind if I open the window? 你介意我打开窗子吗？
(2) would you mind sb.s doing 用来询问，征求对方意见（在非正式文体中，sb.s 可以用宾
格来代替）
Do you mind my/me smoking here? 你介意我在这里吸烟吗？ (3) Would you mind if后面接从句时，从句中的谓语动词常为过去式，用来表示委婉的语气。 Would you mind if I closed the window？你介意我把窗户关上吗？ Would you mind if I turned up the radio？你介意我把声音调大一点吗？
18..abandoned adj. 被遗弃的
an abandoned car/house 被遗弃的轿车；弃置的房子
The child was found abandoned but unharmed. 这个弃儿被人们发现时安然无恙。 abandon vt.
1（不顾责任、义务）抛弃，遗弃，离弃 abandon sb./sth. ○
abandon one’s belief 放弃信念
The baby had been abandoned by his mother. 这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。 The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side. 人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。 2 放弃，中止 ○
He finally abandoned his reformist ideas. 他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。 They abandoned the match because of rain. 因为下雨，他们中止了比赛。 She abandoned hope of any success. 她对成功已不抱希望。 abandon oneself to sth. 放纵自己，沉迷/沉湎于…… He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷于绝望之中
18.The eagle suddenly flew in the air and frightened me. 那只鹰突然飞上天空，吓坏了我。
frighten vt. 使吃惊；惊吓
The sudden loud noise frightened me. 突如其来的巨大声音吓了我一跳。 Sorry, I didn’t mean to frighten you. 对不起，我不是故意吓唬你的。 frightened adj.恐惧的；害怕的；受惊的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的；令人害怕的 fright n.惊吓
【附】复习 –ed形容词/ –ing形容词
1以后缀-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人，以后缀-ing 结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物，○
表示事物的性质或特征。
2-ed形容词一般直接译成“„„的”，-ing形容词则通常翻译成“令人„„的”。 ○
这类形容词通常由动词转化而成，常见的有：
bore 使厌烦 boring 令人厌烦的 bored 厌烦的
amaze 使惊讶 amazing 令人惊讶的 amazed 吃惊的，惊讶的 delight 使高兴 delighting 令人高兴的 delighted 高兴的 disappoint 使失望 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 excite 使激动 exciting 令人激动的 excited 激动的
interest 使感兴趣 interesting 有意思的 interested 感兴趣的 surprise 使吃惊 surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 吃惊的 satisfy 使满意 satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 满意的 worry 使担心 worrying 令人担心的 worried 担心的 eg : The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
I was interested in her teaching method. 我对她的教学方法很感兴趣。 The tiger is frightening. 老虎很吓人。
There was a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。
(1) The girl student was trembling and there was a ______ look on her face. A. frightened B. frightening C. frightful D. frighting
(2) The man ______ of shooting 3 school children was caught by Beijing police, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday.
A. being suspected B. suspecting C. suspected D. to be suspected (3) Mr Smith, ______ of the______ speech, started to read a novel.
A.tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
答案：1. A
2. C suspect及物动词，与the man 之间为被动关系。Being suspected 表示“正在
进行”；suspected表示“完成”；to be suspected表示“将来”。
3. A
19.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
Eg. Do you still remember giving me this photo? 你还记得给过我这张照片吗？ remember to do sth. 记得要做某事
Eg. I remember to bring the book. 我记得要把那本书带来。
20.event n.事情，事件（通常指重要事情，重大事件，大型活动等。）体育比赛项目
social event 社交活动
The election was the main event of 2008. 那次选举是2004年的主要大事。 The race is the main event of the afternoon. 赛跑是下午的主要比赛项目。 In the event 结果，到头来
In any event/at all events 不管怎样，无论如何
In the event of sth./in the event that sth happens 万一，倘若，如果„„发生 In that event 如果那样的话( if that happens) 【辨析】event, incident, affairs
event 指大的活动、重大事件或具有历史意义的大事件。
incident 意为\"事件,事变,事端\表示突发事件或偶发事件，较小的事件。 affair 通常用来指私人事件 personal affairs/ love affairs
That is a most important event in her family life. 那是她家庭生活中得一个非常重要的事件。 She told us about some of the amusing incidents of the holiday. 她给我们讲她度假时的一些趣事。
(1) On New Year’s Eve, New York City holds an outdoor ______ which attracts a crowd of a
million or more people.
A. incident B. event C. case D. affair 答案：B
21.speed cn un. 速度，速率
at a speed of… 以„„的速度
Eg. The car is running at the/ a speed of 100 km/h. 这辆车正以每小时100千米的速度行驶。 【附】 at full/top speed 全速
at a high/low speed 以很高/很低的速度 pick up speed 加速
a high-speed train 高速列车
reach a speed of….. 达到„„的速度
speed还可以表示动词 speed up 加速 speed away/off 疾驰而去
22. per 每…
per hour 每小时 per minute, per day, per year Eg. The lunch is $5 per person. 午餐费是每人五美元。
Grammer
1. 一般过去时(simple past tense)
一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去反复发生的动作。 常与下列时间状语连用：
recently, just now, at that time, last night, a week ago, a long time age, during the day, in the old days, the other day, then 等。
Eg. I didn’t feel well this morning. 今天上午我感到不舒服。 Recently I had my first ride on a long-distance train.
2. –ed 形式(The –ed form)
过去分词
分词是动词的一种非限定形式，主要起着形容词和副词的作用。共有两种形式：一种是现在分词(-ing)；一种是过去分词(-ed)。现在分词一般有主动和进行的意思，过去分词一般有被动和完成的意思，以下主要是过去分词作定语的几条用法： (1) 及物动词的过去分词独立做定语，表被动。
respected leader 尊敬的领导 excited children 兴奋的孩子们
使用动词的过去分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物所处的状态时，这些动词的过去分
词常常没有被动的意思，而是一个形容词。 puzzed look 迷惑的表情
disappointed children 失望的孩子们 【注意】：使用动词的过去分词作定语，表示被修饰的人（或物）所处的状态时，意为“感到„„的”，这些动词的过去分词常常已成为一个形容词。 (2) 不及物动词的过去分词没有被动的意义，指表示动作的完成。
an escaped prisoner 逃犯
the retired manager 退休的经理 (3) 过去分词可构成合成词作定语。
widely-used language 广泛使用的语言 school-run factory 校办工厂 man-made satellite 人造卫星
highly-developed industry 高度发展的工业
(4) 过去分词或短语作定语时，在意思上接近定语从句。
important machines= machines that have been imported 进口机器 developed countries= countries that have developed 发达国家 (5) 过去分词作表语
1过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异： ○
系表结构表示主语的特征或所处的状态；被动语态表示一个动作。 The store is now closed. （系表） 这家商店的们是关着的。
The library is usually closed at 8:00 pm.（被动） 这家图书馆常在晚上8点钟开门。 2某些过去分词作表语，○多半是用来表示人物的心理状态或情感变化，其主语多半是人，这类过去分词通常为：
delighted, devoted, discouraged, amused, astonished, frightened, excited, inspired,
encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried 等。 这些分词，几乎都可以看作形容词，其中很多可以被very 所修饰。在口语中，用very 代替much 来修饰过去分词的现象，越来越普遍。
On hearing the good news everyone was very excited. 听到这个好消息，大家都感到很激动。 We are very pleased at the news. 听到这个消息，我们很高兴。
Phrases 单元词组总结归纳
get on 上（车、船等） get off 下（车、船等） get into 进入
get out of 从„„出来 take off （飞机）起飞
in the middle of 在„„的中部 day and night 在白天，在白天期间 look out of 从„„往外看 at midnight 在半夜
be short for 是„„的缩写
pass a law 拟定法律 sports stadium 体育馆 swimming pool 游泳池
at a speed of 以„„的速度 per hour 每小时
the opening ceremony 开幕式，开幕典礼
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容