考研英语(二)模拟试卷112(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（二）模拟试卷112 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock could be just for you. The clock, called SleepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits【C1】______ you to be in your lightest phase of sleep【C2】______ rousing you. Its makers say that should【C3】______ you wake up feeling refreshed every morning. As you sleep you pass【C4】______ a sequence of sleep states—light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—that【C5】______ approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at which you wake can【C6】______ how you feel later, and may【C7】______ have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase【C8】______ you are more likely to wake up energetic. SleepSmart【C9】______ the distinct pattern of brain waves【C10】______ during each phase of sleep, via a headband equipped【C11】______ electrodes (电极) and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the【C12】______ way as some machines used for medical and research【C13】______ , and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You【C14】______ the clock with the latest time at【C15】______ you want to be wakened, and it【C16】______ duly(适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that. The【C17】______ was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island【C18】______ a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test.’‘【C19】______ sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of【C20】______ to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea.

1． 【C1】 A．beside B．near C．for D．around

正确答案：C

解析：固定搭配。wait为不及物动词，wait for是固定搭配，意为“等待”，wait for sb．to do sth．意为“等待某人做某事”。

2． 【C2】 A．upon

B．before C．towards D．till

正确答案：B

解析：上下文逻辑。空格前提到，SleepSmart等到人们进入最浅睡眠阶段，而空格后提到SleepSmart将人们唤醒。根据逻辑可以推断，闹钟应该是等到人们进入最浅睡眠阶段后才唤醒人，故B项：before为正确答案。

3． 【C3】 A．ensure B．assure C．require D．request

正确答案：A

解析：动词辨析。本句的意思是“制造商承诺它会让你每天早晨醒来都会感觉精神振作”。ensure“保证，确保”，强调使某一行为或结果得以确保，符合语境，故A项为正确答案。assure意为“使确信；向……保证”，着重指信心；require意为“需要，要求”，request意为“请求，要求”。

4． 【C4】 A．through B．into C．about D．on

正确答案：A

解析：固定搭配。pass through为固定搭配，意为“经历”。本句是说“人们睡觉时经历几个睡眠阶段”。pass不能与about和into构成搭配；pass on意为“传授，传递”，不符合题意。

5． 【C5】 A．reveals B．reverses C．resumes D．repeats

正确答案：D

解析：动词辨析。只有repeat能够更好地贴合句意，“这些睡眠阶段每90分钟重复一次”，而且后面一句in that cycle也暗示前面提及的现象是一个循环过程，故D项为正确答案。reveal意为“揭示，显示”，reverse意为“反转，颠倒”，resume意为“(中断后)重新开始，恢复”。

6． 【C6】 A．effect B．affect C．reflect D．perfect

正确答案：B

解析：动词辨析。本句中，______ how you feel later和have a greater impact是并列的谓语成分，因此所选的动词应该和impact具有相近的意思，B项affect意为“影响”，符合语境，为正确答案。effect作动词时表示“实现，使生效”，reflect意为“反映，反射”，perfect作动词时表示“使完美”，均不符合题意。

7． 【C7】 A．already B．ever C．never D．even

正确答案：D 解析：上下文逻辑。经过对______ how you feel later和and may______ have a greater impact than…的综合分析，尤其是have a greater impact than．．．可知，后者程度进一步递增，D项even“甚至”表示递进，符合语境，为正确答案。

8． 【C8】 A．means B．marks C．says D．dictates

正确答案：A

解析：动词辨析。本句的意思是“浅睡状态下被叫醒更有可能意味着醒来后精力充沛”。A项mean意为“意味着”，符合语境，为正确答案。mark意为“作记号于，标明”，say意为“说”，dictate意为“口授，口述”，均不符合题意。

9． 【C9】 A．removes B．relieves C．records D．recalls

正确答案：C 解析：动词辨析。所填词应该和pattern构成搭配，四个选项中只有C项records“记录”能与pattern构成搭配，故为正确答案。remove意为“移开；除去”，relieve意为“减轻，缓解”，recall意为“回忆起；召回”，均不符合题意。

10． 【C10】 A．proceeded B．produced C．pronounced D．progressed

正确答案：B

解析：动词辨析。______during each phase of sleep作后置定语修饰brain waves，brain waves作所填词的逻辑宾语。故首先可以排除不及物动词proceed“继续进行”和progress“进步，前进”，pronounce“发音；宣布”虽可作及物动词，但是不能用brain waves作宾语。只有produce“生产，产生”能与brain waves构成搭配，故B项为正确答案。

11． 【C11】 A．by B．of C．with D．over

正确答案：C

解析：固定搭配。equip．．．with为固定搭配，意为“用……装备；使具备”，其他三项均不能与equip构成搭配，故C项为正确答案。

12． 【C12】 A．familiar B．similar C．identical D．same

正确答案：D

解析：固定搭配。the same…as为固定搭配，意为“和……一样”，其他三项均不能与as构成搭配，故D项为正确答案。familiar意为“熟悉的”，similar意为“相似的”，identical意为“相同的，相等的”。

13． 【C13】 A．findings B．prospects C．proposals D．purposes

正确答案：D

解析：固定搭配。for…purpose为固定搭配，意为“为了……的目的”，故D项为正确答案。finding意为“发现；(调查、研究的)结果”，prospect意为“前景，

前途”，proposal意为“建议”。

14． 【C14】 A．prompt B．program C．plug D．plan

正确答案：B

解析：动词辨析。本句句意是“你把闹钟调到你想要被叫醒的最近的时间”。program…with为习惯表达，意为“为……编制／设定(程序：等)”，故B项为正确答案。prompt意为“促使，推动”；plug意为“塞住；接通电源”；plan意为“计划”，一般不能和with连用。

15． 【C15】 A．where B．this C．which D．that

正确答案：C

解析：语法结构。分析句子结构可知，at______you want to be wakened是一个定语从句，修饰前面的the latest time。句中需要填一个关系代词作at的宾语，介词之后只能用which而不能用that，所以C项为正确答案。

16． 【C16】 A．then B．also C．almost D．yet

正确答案：A

解析：副词辨析。根据位于句首用来承上启下的连词and和空格后的副词duly可以推断，所填词应表示顺承关系的副词，故正确答案为A项then“然后，于是”。

17． 【C17】 A．claim

B．conclusion C．concept D．explanation

正确答案：C

解析：名词辨析。所填词作invented的宾语，是对前面内容的概括，前面说

明了SleepSmart的设计原理和作用，C项concept“概念”最符合语境，故为正确答案。claim意为“要求；声称”，conclusion意为“结论”，explanation意为“解释”，均不能作invented的宾语。

18． 【C18】 A．once B．after C．since D．while

正确答案：B

解析：上下文逻辑。空格前讲一群学生首创了这一概念，空格后讲一个朋友抱怨醒来时感到疲惫，并且考试的表现很差，因此所填词应为表示时间先后的连词，故B项正确。since表示“自从……以来”，引导时间状语时主句要用完成时。

19． 【C19】 A．Besides B．Despite C．To D．As

正确答案：D

解析：介词辨析。根据句中的ourselves和下句中的we可以推断选as，as作介词时意为“作为”。本句的意思是“我们这些睡眠不足的人，开始考虑对它该做点什么了。”

20． 【C20】 A．what B．how C．whether D．when

正确答案：A

解析：语法结构。______to do about it作thinking of的宾语，并且所填词作do的宾语，只有what符合要求，故A项为正确答案。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

The January fashion show, called FutureFashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several

have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines. The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents. Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic : it will buy transitional (过渡性的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn. Some analysts are less sure. Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But—thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one day it will be.

21． What is said about Future Fashion?

A．It inspired many leading designers to start going green. B．It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.

C．It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.

D．It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据题干中的FutureFashion将本题出处定位到首段。该段第一句提到FutureFashion向人们展示环保设计发展到什么程度。第二句提到，此次展览首次鼓励众多顶级设计师使用环保布料。由此可知，A项为正确答案，其中的leading designers对应文中的top designers，going green对应work with sustainable fabrics。

22． According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that_________.

A．much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials B．they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials C．customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials

D．quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据题干中的Scott Hahn和challenge to designers将本题出处定位到第二段。该段提到，Scott Hahn说高质量的环保面料仍然很难找到；并没有匹配的面料去代替设计师正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料；很难找到能与合成材料相媲美的环保面料。看懂这三句话中的任何一句，本题都不难答对。D项的are not readily available对应文中的still be tough to find、there aren’t和still have few。

23． We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion_________.

A．can attend various trade shows free

B．are readily recognized by the fashion world C．can buy organic cotton at favorable prices D．are gaining more and more support

正确答案：D 解析：细节题。第三段首句为该段主题句，结合全文尤其是第二段首句可知，make the switch指的其实就是undertake green fashion(推行环保时尚)，而整个第三段都在讲这些走环保路线的设计师获得越来越多的支持，故D项为正确答案。

24． What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion? A．She doesn’t seem to care about it. B．She doesn’t think it is sustainable. C．She is doubtful of its practical value. D．She is very much opposed to the idea.

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。根据题干中的Natalie Hormilla将本题出处定位到末段。该段前两句提到，只有18％的消费者知道ecofashion(生态时尚)，Natalie Hormilla就是观念未转变的消费者之一。第四句提到，当被问及是否有环保衣服时，Natalie Hormilla回答“我都不知道有这种衣服”。第六句提到，她承认，她的头脑里还没有“绿色”这一概念。由此可知，她对生态时尚并不在意，故正确答案为A项。题干中的ecofashion对应文中的sustainable clothes和green。

25． What does the author think of green fashion? A．Green products will soon go mainstream. B．It has a very promising future. C．Consumers have the final say.

D．It will appeal more to young people.

正确答案：B 解析：推断题。根据题干中的green将本题出处定位到末段倒数第一、二句。

倒数第二句提到，Natalie Hormilla这样的消费者脑中现在还没有绿色时尚的概念，但是有了设计师、零售商和供应商的共同努力，有一天，绿色时尚就会深入人心。由此可知，作者认为绿色环保服装前途光明，故正确答案为B项，future对应文中的one day。

If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companieslike the graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training. That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor’s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience. But in the long run, too much specialization doesn’t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years. As further evidence of the erosion of corporate faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle-and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn’t constrained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Scheetz. This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adapt-ability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,” says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior—plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheetz.

26． What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market? A．Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities. B．People with an MBA degree from top universities. C．People with formal schooling plus work experience. D．People with special training in engineering.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。答题依据在文章第一、二段。该部分讨论了当前人才市场上的状况，第二段最后一句话可以被看做是对前两段的总结Large companies，

especially，like a back ground of formal education coupled with work experience(coupled with意思是“以及，加上”)。据此，可以确定C项为正确答案。

27． By saying “... but the impact of a degree washes out after five years” (Para. 3) , the author means_________.

A．most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation B．an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions

C．MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are now D．in five years people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got

正确答案：B 解析：细节题。文章三～五段讨论了公司内部在选拔中高层管理人员过程中是如何看待学位的。分析文章的结构，可以看出事实上四～五段是对作者上述观点的论证。第四段的第二句话Although companies．．．management意思是说，公司招聘新员工时非常注重学位(即具有专业知识)，但在选拔中高层管理人员时就看重总体素质了。也就是说，持有学位在刚刚进入公司时是必要的，受欢迎的，但若干年后在选拔中高级人才时，学位就不那么重要了，这时看重的是综合素质。根据上述分析，可以确定B项为正确答案。

28． According to Scheetz’s statement (Para. 4) , companies prefer_________. A．people who have a strategic mind B．people who are talented in fine arts

C．people who are ambitious and aggressive

D．people who have received training in mechanics

正确答案：A

解析：推理题。答题依据在第四段最后一句话They want someone who isn’t constrained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture。其意思是说，公司需要不受专业知识，能够有广阔视野的人才，也就是具有a strategic mind(战略头脑)的人才。根据以上分析，A项为正确答案。

29． David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because_________. A．they are more capable of handling changing situations B．they can stick to established ways of solving problems

C．they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields D．they have attended special programs in management

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。答题依据在文章最后一段“I hire only liberal—arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things”。Birch认为他之所以选用文科人才是因为他们处理问题的方法不那么受，换言之，他们能灵活地处理各种问题。据此，可看出A项与文章意思相符，为正确答案。

30． Which of the following statements does the author support? A．Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists. B．Formal schooling is less important than job training. C．On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly. D．Generalists will outdo specialists in management.

正确答案：D 解析：判断题。首先从文章结构看，一～二段讨论当前人才市场的情况，三～五段讨司内部的用人机制。其次，从中心思想看，文章论述了虽然招聘人才时看重专业知识的文凭，但是公司内部选拔管理人员时则要以综合素质为标准。据此，可以判断D项与作者观点相吻合，故为正确答案。

For hundreds of millions of years, turtles(海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting sites on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct. But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerheads(红海龟) , which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered”—meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. Which raises the obvious question; what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings) , we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and long-line fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll(损失) on turtles. Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection.

31． We can learn from the first paragraph that_________. A．human activities have changed the way turtles survive B．efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out

C．government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles’ extinction

D．marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles’ reproduction

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。第一段倒数第二句指出，机构已经建立强大的保护墙来保护它们在大西洋海岸线上的主要栖息地；最后一句进行了补充说明，由于人类对它们的关注，这些生物也许就不会面临灭绝的危险了。综合理解可知，人类做出了很大的努力来保护海龟免遭灭绝的厄运。所以B项为正确答案。

32． What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness” (Line 1 , Para. 2)?

A．Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles. B．Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.

C．The course of nature will not be changed by human interference. D．The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.

正确答案：D

解析：语义题。第二段第一句是由and连接的并列句，所以可以通过后半句来推断前半句的意思。第一段后半部分提到了人们对于保护海龟所采取的措施和乐观看法，第二段开头使用连词but进行转折，意义应该与第一段相反或相对；同时，第二段第一句后半句指出，美国鱼类和野生动物服务组织的报告表明，北大西洋地区的许多种海龟已经出现了数量下降的令人担忧的局面。综合以上分析，可以推断，第一句前半句的意思为：大自然似乎不大在意人类的美好理想，换句话说，虽然人们做出努力来保护海龟，但是其数量仍然在下降。所以D项为正确答案。

33． What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?

A．Their inadequate food supply. B．Unregulated commercial fishing. C．Their lower reproductive ability. D．Contamination of sea water.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。第三段倒数第二句援引Elizabeth Griffin的话指出，真正的威胁来自商业捕捞；最后一句又进一步补充说明：对于海龟来说，拖捞船和长线捕鱼对它们是沉重的打击。由此可见，B项为正确答案。

34． How does global warming affect the survival of turtles? A．It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.

B．The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.

C．The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow. D．It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。文章最后一段第二句指出，随着人类开发和海洋变暖而导致的海平面上升的威胁，海龟前往产卵的狭窄的海滩地带正遭到蚕食。由此可见，全球变暖将会导致海平面上升，继而破坏海龟的产卵环境——狭窄的海滩地带。所以A项为正确答案。

35． The last sentence of the passage is meant to_________. A．persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles B．stress that even the most ugly species should be protected C．call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles’ survival D．warn our descendants about the extinction of species

正确答案：C 解析：语义题。文章最后一句的前半句指出，人类必须同时解决好这些问题，否则海龟将会毁灭在人类的手中；后半句提到，也许这会让我们的子孙后代感到疑惑：为什么这种如此丑陋的生物会获得如此多的关爱，这里的“关爱”正是指人类采取措施保护海龟免遭灭绝的厄运。也就是说，最后一句实际上是在呼吁人类采取有效措施来保护海龟，确保它们能够生存下去，所以C项为正确答案。

While still catching up to men in some fields of modern life, women appear to be far ahead in at least one undesirable aspect. “Women are particularly liable to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men.” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone (荷尔蒙) somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with.” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner. “ Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “ I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating. “ Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to

get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. “ Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “ It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck. Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

36． Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs? A．Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress. B．Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

C．Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

D．Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。第一段首句指出，在一个不太好的方面，女人似乎超过了男人。接着引用Yehuda医生的话指出，女人在面临压力时，更容易患病。第二段解释了为什么女人在面临压力时更容易患病，并指出性荷尔蒙是罪魁祸首。因此A项为正确答案。

37． Dr. Ychuda’s research suggests that women_________. A．need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress B．have limited capacity for tolerating stress C．are more capable of avoiding stress D．are exposed to more stress

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。第三段第二、三句引用了Yehuda医生的话。她指出，女人应对压力的能力不一定比男人差，只是因为她们面临更多的压力，因此对压力的反应更明显，D项为正确答案。

38． According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be_________.

A．domestic and temporary B．irregular and violent C．durable and frequent D．trivial and random

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。第四段第二句是段落主题句，该句指出，女性面对的压力通常具有周期长和单调重复的特点。因此C项为正确答案。

39． The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck. “(Para. 5) shows that_________.

A．Alvarez cared about nothing but making money

B．Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses C．Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs D．Alvarez paid practically everything by check

正确答案：B

解析：句意题。应该根据上下文来理解句意。文中上一句指出，Alverez承担着各种家庭责任，包括照顾孩子、工作、付房租、养车以及偿还债务等。本句话应顺接上一句，进一步论述Alverez所承受的压力。选项中只有B和上一句衔接通顺、连贯，同时也和“Alverez承受着巨大的压力”这个段落主旨相符。因此B项为正确答案。paycheck并非一般支票，而是工资支票，这里指工资，薪水。“从工资到工资”意思是仅靠工资生活。

40． Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

B．Response to Stress: Gender Difference C．Stress Analysis; What Chemicals Say? D．Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

正确答案：D

解析：主旨题。文章第一段通过两性比较引入了“女性在面临压力时更容易受到伤害”这个主题。第二、三、四段分别探讨了造成这种现象的原因：女性在面临压力时分泌更多化学物质，女性承受的压力更多，女性承受的压力具有周期长、重复性的特点。最后两段论述了女性承受巨大压力的现状。“女性”和“压力”这两个关键词贯穿全文，D项最适合做文章的标题。

Part B (10 points)

[A] What to do as a student[B] Various definitions of plagiarism[C] Ideas should always be sourced[D] Ignorance can be forgiven[E] Plagiarism is equivalent to theft[F] The consequences of plagiarism[G] Acknowledgement should substitute plagiarism Scholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person’s ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism (抄袭) is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one’s ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is “the wrongful appropriation(盗用) or purloining (偷窃) , and publication as one’s own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another. “ 【R1】______ The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion (开除) from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the

social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources. 【R2】______ Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars’ ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire(可怕的) consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students’ inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention. 【R3】______ Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer’s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt(被免除……的) from being severely punished. 【R4】______Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography—are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although “there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them,” the writer cannot plead (为……辩护) ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged. 【R5】______ The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention. The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.

41． 【R1】

正确答案：F

解析：第二段说明了抄袭在不同情况下所受到的处罚。段首句是主题句。段中出现了penalty，punishment，fine，imprisonment，a ruined career等关键词表明了关于惩罚的各种形式。[F]项中consequences(后果)虽然是个中性词，但它可以概括所有的处罚类型，此外没有更合适的选项。

42． 【R2】

正确答案：A

解析：第三段的首句指出，学生必须严格要求自己，注明借用观点或者词语的出处，以避免各种形式的抄袭。这显然是A项概括的内容。但这里考生匆忙之中也可能会选择B项，因为该段的末尾作者提到了抄袭的三种形式，即by accident，by ignorance，and by intention(偶然抄袭，无知抄袭，有意抄袭)。但是因为该段只是提到这三种抄袭形式，对它们做出确切完整的定义和分析的内容出现在下面三段中，因此B项放在这里并不恰当。

43． 【R3】

正确答案：D

解析：第四段解释了造成了偶然抄袭的原因。该段前面部分用两个He may．．．平行结构的句子说明了抄袭者抄袭的种种原因。考生应该注意的是这段段尾有一个表示让步转折关系的连词although，转折后的内容才是作者真正想表达的。最后一句作者指出，如果吸取教训，这类抄袭行为可以免受严重的惩罚。只有D项概括了这句话的内容。其中can be forgiven对应原文中的can be exempt from being severely punished。

44． 【R4】

正确答案：C

解析：第五段作者主要讨论的是无知抄袭，以及如何避免此类行为。同样这一段落也以一个转折关系的句子结尾。同理，该句才是段落主题句。它提到，尽管除了信息、观点的表达之外，信息和观点本身并没有版权可言，但是当观点来源受到质疑时，作者仍无法为自己的无知辩护。换言之，也就是说仍应该注意观点的来源。选项为C。该段虽然出现了ignorance一词，但不能因此就选择D项。因为整个段落强调的是应该学会标注引用的来源。由此可见，考生不能因为出现个别词语而做出判断，而应该以各段主旨为依据。

45． 【R5】

正确答案：E

解析：第六段中作者换用thievery，steal，deceive等多个表示盗窃的词语来说明抄袭这一行径，而且段落开始的时候，有这样一句话：最严重的学术盗窃是有意抄袭。因此E项最能概括这一段的中心内容。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

46． Drinking water and water for domestic use often come from groundwater. In order to protect this water, local water authorities can apply to local administrative authorities to mark certain locations as water protection areas. The size

of these areas is calculated in such a way that the quantity of groundwater taken from them corresponds to the actual rainfall going into them. In the water protection areas certain uses of the land and activities on the land are banned or restricted. Water protection areas fall into three zones. Zone 3 is the outermost zone with a diameter of 4 kilometers around the groundwater well. Here no chemical works or the use of pesticides(杀虫剂) are allowed. Zone 2 is determined around the so-called 50-day line. It is assumed that after 50 days in the groundwater harmful bacteria will have died off. Here settlements and fertilizer storage are forbidden. Zone 1 marks the ten-meter boundary around the well. Here, any use of the land, as well as access by unauthorized persons, is forbidden.

正确答案： 饮用水和家庭用水常取自地下水。为保护地下水源，地方用水管理机构可向地方提出申请，将某些区域标记为水保护区。水保护区的面积用以下方法计算：从水保护区抽取的地下水量相当于实际渗入水保护区的雨水量。在水保护区，土地的某些用途和地面的某些活动将被禁止或受到。水保护区分为三个区。第三区是最外区，以地下水井为中心，直径4公里。在该区，不得修建化工厂或使用杀虫剂。第二区围绕所谓“50天线”确定。人们认为，地下水中的细菌在50天内将会全部死亡。在该区，不得修建住宅和储存化肥。第一区是以地下井为中心10米以内的地域。在该区，不得以任何形式使用土地，并且任何人未经许可不得进入。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

47． You bought a digital camera in a store last week, and you have found that there is something wrong with it. Write a letter to the store manager to explain the problem, express your complaints and suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use” Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

正确答案：Dear Manager, I am Li Ming, and I bought a digital camera in a store last week. I venture to write to complain about the quality of the digital camera I bought last Friday at your store. During the five days the camera has been in my possession, problems have emerged one after another. For one thing, the screen is always black, making the camera no different from a traditional one. For another, the battery is distressing as it supports the camera’ s operation for only two hours. Therefore, I wish to exchange it for another camera or declare a refund. I will appreciate it if my problem receives due attention. Yours, Li Ming

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

48． Write an essay based on the following chart on people’s perception of shopping websites. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

正确答案： As is clearly shown in the chart, the means of people perceiving shopping websites vary from person to person. According to the data given in the chart, we can see that about 56% of the people know about shopping websites via the Internet, those who know about shopping websites from their friends account for about 25%, and the rest perceive them by other means. It’s not difficult for me to find out some factors to account for the above-mentioned phenomenon. First and foremost of all, with the improvement of people’s living standards, the Internet plays an increasingly important role in our daily life. What’s more, there is no doubt that the Internet is making our life become more convenient, so more and more people prefer to know about various aspects via the Internet. Last but not the least, more and more companies have realized the power of the Internet, so they look on the Internet as the most effective means to promote themselves. Taking all these factors into consideration, we may reasonably predict that the present situation will continue for quite a while in the forthcoming years. And if this change can be kept and guided properly, our life as well as our society will be made better.