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英语专四历年作文真题

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英语专四历年作文真题

专四作文真题：Should private car owners be taxed for pollution?（私家车是否应该交污染税）——关于环境Direction：

Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Should private car owners be taxed for pollution? You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks. 写作指南：

这是典型的立场观点选择题型。要求考生确立自己的观点，然后进行论证。历年类似考题：

2010 Should College Students Hire Cleaners? 2009 Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? 2007 Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? 2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 1994 TV: a Good Thing or a Bad Thing?

本文要求学生就“”私家车是否应该交污染税”这一话题发表自己的意见。第一部分：分析现状：私家车越来越多，环境污染日益严重，“污染税”提出的背景，进而提出自己的观点：私家车应该交污染税。

第二部分：从两方面进行阐述。首先由于私家车造成环境问题，所以私家车有义务交税，为国家环境建设所用。其次纳税能提高人们的环保意识。第三部分：进行总结，再次表明自己的观点。经典范文：

Should private car owners be taxed for pollution?

With the development of society, many people can afford a car. As the number of the cars is rising, we are facing some problems. One big problem is the pollution caused

by the use of cars. In order to solve this problem, government agencies in some big cities recently suggest that a “pollution tax” should be put on private cars i n order to control the number of cars and reduce pollution in the city. For my part, I agree to this viewpoint, and my reasons are as follows:

To begin with, cars contribute to the environmental pollution. For example, a lot of big cities in China are now plagued by serious air pollution. Then it is the

responsibility of these private car owners to pay for the pollution and they should be taxed. The purpose of collecting environmental pollution tax is to raise the fund, and then utilize the tax revenue lever to protect our environment.

Secondly, it is a good way to raise people’s environmental awareness by putting a pollution tax on private cars. If people suffer from the financial loss when making a decision, they will think more about their decision. Then they will consider more when deciding to buy a private car. Consequently, the increase rate of the number of the private cars can be controlled.

In a word, it is a very good and necessary attempt to use the means of taxation to treat the pollution. Of course, it must be kept in mind that all people, including the private car owners, should try their best to protect the environment.

2010年专四作文真题: Should College Students Hire Cleaners? (大学生是否应该雇佣清洁工)——关于大学生的生活独立Direction：

It is recently reported in a newspaper that six students who shared a dorm at a local university hired a cleaner to do laundry and cleaning once a week. And each of them paid her 60 yuan a month. This has led to a heated debate as to whether college students should hire cleaners.

Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Should College Students Hire Cleaners? You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

这是典型的立场观点选择题型。要求考生确立自己的观点，然后进行论证。历年类似考题：

2009 Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? 2007 Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? 2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 1994 TV: a Good Thing or a Bad Thing?

第一部分：短文从一则新闻报道入手，要求考生就这一话题发表意见，由于是考生熟悉的校园话题，且考生看到题目直觉的反应就是不应该雇佣清洁工，因此首段直接表明观点，对该做法持否定态度。

第二部分：主体部分从两方面进行分析，第一，根据古人“一屋不扫，何以扫天下”的道理展开，说明作为大学生应该逐渐培养独立意识，不应该连最基本的小事都依赖他人；第二，从金钱角度阐述该现象的恶劣影响，大学生基本靠父母供养，雇佣清洁工打扫寝室很容易导致校园中产生攀比、炫富等不良现象。

第三部分：结论部分呼吁结束这种做法，并且呼应主体部分的两点原因，号召大学生尽快建立独立意识和良好的金钱观，让父母对我们的自理能力放心。经典范文：

Should College Students Hire Cleaners?

According to a recent report, six university students hired cleaners to clean their dorm and do their laundry every week. Although we have no right to tell them what to do with their money, as a university student myself, I find this practice absurd. For a start, away from our parents, it is in university that we learn to be

independent adults. Cleaning the room and doing one’s lau ndry are the most basic living skills. If we always depend on others to take care of us, how can we survive when there is no one to help us? How can we take on any responsibility when we step into society?

For another, the practice reflects their flippant attitude towards money. The money they paid for the cleaners probably comes from their parents, who must be very depressed once they know the truth. It also sets a very bad precedent on campus. Other students may follow suit to show the wealth of their families; or worse, they tend to think money can buy them anything in this world, which obviously is wrong. All in all, I think we must do away with this practice. Otherwise, we may never

appreciate the good value of money and an independent way of life. The better and sooner we can take care of ourselves, the more proud our parents will be. 2009年专四作文真题：Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?（旅游对环境的影响？）——关于环境Direction：

December 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world have

volunteered to help those in need. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers how have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering?

Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

这是典型的立场观点选择题型。要求考生确立自己的观点，然后进行论证。历年类似考题：

2007 Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? 2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 1994 TV: a Good Thing or a Bad Thing?

本文要求考生就旅游是否会给环境带来不好的影响这一话题发表自己的看法。根据题目要求，文章结构如下：

第一部分：明确表达自己的观点：过度开发旅游对环境会造成不好的影响。第二部分：从两个方面来论证自己的观点。第三部分：进行总结：我们应该做什么？经典范文：

Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?

In recent years, tourism has developed rapidly in China. Many people believe that tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and we should try our best to promote tourism. But what these people fail to see is that tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment. As for me, I'm firmly convinced that too much tourists bring harm to the environment.

The bad impact of tourism on the environment has mainly expressed itself in various ways. One way is the process of exploiting a new scenic spot. In order to

attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain

unfavorable effects on the environment. This process usually breaks the ecological balance of the area. In some mountainous places, trees are being cut down to build hotels for others to see and explore the beauty of the mountains. Then land slides and mud-rock flows come up. Another way the development of tourism has

damaged the environment occurs when tourists go to scenic spots. Some tourists don't have the awareness to protect the environment, and ignorantly throw their garbage here and there. Some people even kill the local wildlife to eat, which badly damages the balance of the natural environment.

It is wrong to sacrifice the environment for the growth of tourism. We must keep in mind that too much tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing to a minimum the pollution they cause.

2008年专四作文真题：The Benefits of Volunteering （参加志愿活动的好处）——关于大学生和社会 Direction：

December 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world have

volunteered to help those in need. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers how have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering?

Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: The Benefits of Volunteering You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

这是指定明确观点型的作文。要求考生以给定的观点作为中心思想（论点）进行论证。

历年类似考题：

2003 The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

2000 The Importance of Extracurricular Activities

本文要求论述“志愿活动的好处”，主体部分可以着重论述志愿活动对社会的好处，也可以论述志愿活动对志愿者本人带来的好处，还可以兼顾两方面。构思立意时要从多个角度论述自己的观点，并对所有者材加以整合、归纳。以讨论“对志愿者自己的好处”为例，可以讨论如下好处：

第一，在交际、沟通能力方面的好处（包括扩大交际面，与不同的人打交道，协调不同的关系，理解不同的立场等）。

第二，提高工作能力、增加技能的好处（主要谈对自己知识、技能的提高有什么作用，包括学校知识的运用，实际能力的提高等，注意与前面的“交际能力”有所区分）。

第三，为志愿者带来成就感，获得必理上的满足（获得尊敬与承认，实现自我价值）。经典范文：

The Benefits of Volunteering

Volunteering has grown into a fashion these years, with volunteers ranging from college students to white collar workers. It is reported now China has 4.5 million registered volunteers having provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work.

Why would so many people like to do volunteer work? Are there any benefits of volunteering?

The answer is absolutely yes. First of all, through volunteering we can gain more experiences. Whatever volunteering work we do, either being a volunteer teacher for a village school or a volunteer worker in a retired house, we can taste different lifestyles and broaden our horizon.

Secondly, through volunteering we can acquire the sense of being needed. Many people feel frustrated with travails in life and empty with the cycling of working and resting. They gradually become numb, losing the sense of being needed. By joining the volunteer group and offering help voluntarily to people who need it, we may feel happy and fulfilled again.

Thirdly, through volunteering we can learn more good qualities. Volunteer work is team work, which needs good cooperation. We can know people with different personalities and different background joining in the volunteer group and devoting to the volunteer work together. From our co - volunteers we can absorb many good qualities that could help us be better persons.

In conclusion, volunteering is of great benefit in that we can gain more experiences, acquire the sense of being needed and learn more good qualities.

2007年专四作文真题：Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? （交网友）——关于流行文化：网络 Direction：

Nowadays the Internet has become part of people’s life, and millions of young people have made friends online.

Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

这是典型的立场观点选择题型。要求考生确立自己的观点，然后进行论证。历年类似考题：

2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 1994 TV: a Good Thing or a Bad Thing?

本文要求考生就网上交友是否明智发表自己的看法。根据题目要求，文章结构如下：第一部分：明确表达自己的观点。

第二部分：合理论证自己的观点，要有说服力。第三部分：就以上部分进行总结。范文与解析：

Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?

（1）Is it wise to make friends online? (2) People’s views about this issue vary from one to another. (3) Some people think that it is unwise to make friends online while others think that there is nothing wrong with online friends. (4) In my point of view, although online friends cannot be always trusted, the benefits far outweigh the risks. (5) The reasons are mainly as follows:

(6) First of all, it is easy and quick to get to know people and make new friends online. (7) We know friends are indispensable in our daily life but they cannot stay

with us wherever we go. (8) For many people, especially college freshmen, leaving friends and the security of home for a new place where they don’t know anyone c an be overwhelming. (9) With some online chatting tools such as QQ and MSN, they can talk to people they like and find people with common interests easily. (10) In addition, online friends can help broaden our knowledge about different cultures and customs. (11) Chatting with people from different places and social

backgrounds is surely an effective way to understand other cultures and develop cross-cultural communication skills. (12) We can also practice our English in speaking and writing.

(13) To sum up, making friends online is amazing. In the online global community we can enjoy an active social life with rewarding experience, so it is wise to make online friends. Part One:

(1) 开门见山，提出问题。

（2）（3）说明不同的人有不同的观点。（4）用In my point of view 引出自己的观点。（5）起承上启下的作用，引出原因。 Part Two:

（6）用first of all 引出网上交友的优点之一，此句作为主题句。（7）（8）（9）对主题句作进一步诠释。

（10）用In addition 引出网上交友的优点之二，此句亦为主题句。（11）对主题句作进一步诠释。（12）对主题句作进一步诠释。 Part Three:

（13）用To sum up总结全文，重申观点。 2006年专四作文真题：Saving Money is a Good Habit （省钱是好习惯）——关于个人生活 Direction：

Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, Xi’an, Chengdu, Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shenyang. The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow’s money today is better. What do you think?

Write a composition of about 200 words: Saving Money is a Good Habit You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

这是典型的立场观点选择题型。要求考生确立自己的观点，然后进行论证。历年类似考题：

2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?

1999 A Major Advantage, Disadvantage of Advertising on T 1994 TV: a Good Thing or a Bad Thing?

本文要求考生就网上交友是否明智发表自己的看法。根据题目要求，文章结构如下：第一部分：明确表达自己的观点（总论点）。

第二部分：用几个分论点合理论证自己的总观点，要有说服力。第三部分：就以上部分进行总结。范文与解析：

Saving Money is a Good Habit

（1）Recently the result of a survey conducted by a Beijing information company has shown that the majority of Chinese students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest prefer to use tomorrow’s money. (2) As is seen to me, the

principle of “hard work and thrift” is still at work in China, and I absolutely believe that we will profit more from saving money than from spending tomorrow’s money. (3) Through saving money, we’ll be better prepared for our life. (4) There is an old saying tha t “a penny saved is a penny earned”. (5) In modern society, life is so changeable that we can’t predict what will happen in the future. (6) So we’d better get prepared for unexpected emergencies. (7) What’s more, psychologically speaking, saving

money means controlling money rather than being controlled by money, and it enables us to be freer and more independent. (8) With the money we’ve saved, we

don’t need to be too much concerned about the old age or the monthly installment that we owe to the bank.

Of course I don’t mean that we cannot loan money to buy a house or for some

enjoyment. What I’m saying is that we must think twice before spending tomorrow’s money. (9) To put it in a nutshell, I’m a great believer that saving money is a good habit. Part One:

(1) 用一项调查“a survey” 引入要讨论的问题。

（2）用“As is seen to me…” 清楚地表明了自己的观点。引用习语“hard work and thrift”使文章更具说服力。 Part Two:

（3）具体分析和解释了选择“saving money”的原因。（4）此处引用“A penny saved is a penny earned”恰到好处。（5）（6）从社会变化难以预测说明节约用钱的必要性。（7）“What’s more”表达递进关系，使阐述的理由更充分。（8）阐述了节约用钱的好处。 Part Three:

（13）“To put it in a nutshell”为语言亮点，意为“概括地说”。

2005年专四作文真题：My Idea of a University Arts Festival （我对艺术节的看法）——关于校园文化 Direction：

The students’Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next

semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.

Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: My Idea of a University Arts Festival You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

写作指南：

此作文题属于自由发挥型。在这类题型中，一般出题的规律是：先提出一个话题，然后可能会提供一些行的观点，要求考生通过给定的材料做出自己的分析，提出自己的论点，然后进行阐述和论证。这种题目对论点不做限制，作者可以自由发挥，只要能证明自己，围绕话题即可。历年类似考题：

1993 My Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the Future 1992 My View on Reading Extensively

本文要求考生就大学里的文化艺术节发表自己的看法。根据题目要求，文章结构如下：

第一部分：明确表达自己的观点（总论点）。

第二部分：用几个有说服力的分论点来支撑自己的总论点。第三部分：对以上部分进行总结，并适当升华主题。范文：

My Idea of a University Arts Festival

University arts festival has always been a big occasion to display students’ talent in art as well as to cultivate their artistic taste. Therefore, to make the incoming arts festival more fruitful, I personally think it should include two parts: one is to

organize some art activities among students such as singing, painting, photography, recitation or short play contests, and the other is to invite all kinds of art troupes to campus to stage excellent performances of ballet, orchestra or drama for our students.

As regards why university arts festival should be organized in this way, there are mainly two reasons: to develop students’ artistic potential and to enhance their aesthetic ability. By participating in art contests, students not only have a golden opportunity to show their special gift for art but also undergo sort of training through preparation, rehearsal and competition. Thus those activities encourage students to get involved in art activities, which is not readily accessible to them in normal times. Such an intimate contact with real art enables students to understand art better and appreciate it properly, which will refine their artistic taste in the long run.

Since my idea of arts festival integrates training students’artistic ability with

improving their aesthetic taste, I believe it will go a long way in art education, which is also the ultimate aim of university arts festival. 2004年专四作文真题：Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?

（电话和写信）——关于社会文化 Direction：

Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. So, some say that phones will kill letter writing. What is your opinion? Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

此作文题属于立场选择型模式。这类题目也可称为“For-Against” 模式。在提出话题后，通常从相对的角度提出两种观点和立场，要求考生从中选出一个作为自己的立场，即二选一，然后论证其正确性。历年类似考题：

1999 A Major Advantage/Disadvantage on Television

1997 More Pressure from Academic Studies Does (Does no) Good to Us

本文要求考生就大学里的文化艺术节发表自己的看法。根据题目要求，文章结构如下：

第一部分：明确表达自己的观点（总论点）。

第二部分：用几个有说服力的分论点来支撑自己的总论点。第三部分：对以上部分进行总结，并适当升华主题。范文与解析：

Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?

Telephone is said to be one of the greatest inventions of the world, which has

revolutionized people’s way of life. Although more and more people nowadays tend to phone more than write letters, I still don’t believe phones will kill letter writing in people’s daily communication.

People communicate for different purposes and in different ways. Letters, though traditional in a way, help people express their ideas in a more exact way，without the careless tongue slips of telephone conversations. More importantly, it is long held that “To see is to believe.” and communication in written form is considered to be more formal than that done orally. Therefore, letters are always the preferred way of communication when it comes to formal occasions like job application, nailing down a contract or traveling information confirmation. It is not entirely groundless to say that letters are still indispensable nowadays.

In a word, letters have their unique features to satisfy certain communication purposes and will therefore never be replaced by phones in people’s daily life. It’s perhaps more appropriate to say that they supplement each other instead of replacing each other.

2003年专四作文真题：The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood （保持好心情的重要性）——关于身心健康 Direction：

People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family. So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.

Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

这是一篇属于给定明确观点型的作文。一般情况下，考题先提出一个话题，并给定了关于这个话题的一种明确的观点，要求考生以这个给定的观点作为文章的中心思想（论点）进行论证。写这类作文的关键在于是否能很好地论证这一明确的观点。历年类似考题：

2001 Travel Broadens the Mind

2000 The Importance of Extracurricular Activities

范文：

The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

With the development of modern science, technology and economics, our living standard has reached an ever higher level. But more and more people are living under greater pressure than ever before. As a consequence, people are increasingly suffering from various distortions both physically and mentally. To help out, it is important that everyone keep a good mood today.

There are several reasons for my argument. First, a good mood can create high efficiency. When you work with a good mood, you will feel happy and be willing to do some work which used to be boring. On the contrary, a bad mood can make you passive and do things with reluctance. Second, a good mood is beneficial to your health. If you fail to keep a good mood, you will be feeling depressed and fed up, which is apt to cause some psychological diseases. Third, when you have a good mood, other people around you will be influenced. Thus more and more people will feel happy to communicate with you.

To sum up, keeping a good mood is very important both for yourself and for the people around you. If you want to have a happy and successful life, please keep a good mood every day.

2002年专四作文真题：The Best Way to Stay Healthy （如何保持健康）——关于健康 Direction：

Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day;

others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy? Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: The Best Way to Stay Healthy You are to write in three parts:

In the first part, state clearly what your view is.

In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons.

这种考题也可转化为“How to”结构题，即”how to stay healthy”。这种考题要求考生首先提出自己认为最好的保持健康的方式，然后用两到三个理由支持自己的观点。这类考题可作如下结构安排：

第一部分：解释命题，提出解决方案（最好为概括性的方案，以便论述）第二部分：论据1+解释/例证论据2+解释/例证论据3+解释/例证

第三部分：结论：重申自己观点，提出希望和展望未来历年类似考题：

1998 One Way to Solve the Problem 范文：

The Best Way to Stay Healthy

Nowadays, the desire for good health is universal. Wherever you are and whatever you do, staying healthy is always important. Different people come up with different views. As far as I am concerned, the best way to keep healthy is to develop a good quality of psychology.

2021年英语专四真题与答案

III. 语言知识：

1 1. ___ B _____ combination of techniques authors use, all stories---from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels ----have a plot.

A . Regarding B . Whatever. C . In so far as D. No matter

1 2. She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door, ____ B ______ the women gave a quick knock before opening it.. A. wherein B. on which C. but when D. then

1 3. Ms Ennab is one of the first Palestinian _____ _ C ____ with seven years ’ racing experience.

A. woman drivers B. women driver C. women drivers D. woman driver 1 4. “ I wondered if I could have a word with you. ” The past tense in the sentence refers to a _ _ B _ __.

A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness

1 5 . “ If I were you, I wouldn ’ t wait to propose to her. ” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to ___ _ D _ _____.

A. alleviate hostility B. express unfavorable feelings C. i ndicate uncertainty D. make a suggestion

1 6. “ It ’ s a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word. ” T he modal auxiliary SHOULD express __ B _ ____.

A obligation B disappointment C future in the past D. tentativeness

1 7. Timothy Ray Brown, the first man cured of HIV, initially opted against the stem cell transplantation that ___ __ D __ ____ history. A. could have later made B. should have made later C. might make later D. would later make

1 8. Some Martian rock structures look strikingly like structures on Earth that are known __ _ C _ __by microbes.

A. having been created B. being created C. to have been created D. to be created

1 9. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as ______ if I ___ _ A ____ ___alone.

A. would have been … had been B. should be … had been C. could be … were D. might have been … were

2 0. You must fire __ C ___ _ incompetent assistant of yours A. the B. an C. that D. whichever

21. Some narratives seem more like plays, heavy with dialogue by which writers allow their __ A ___to reveal themselves.

A. characters B. characteristics C. charisma D characterizations

22. If you intend to melt the snow for drinking water, you can __ _ D __ ___ extra purity by running it through a coffee filter. A. assure B. insure C. reassure D. ensure

23. The daisy-like flowers of chamomile have been used for centuries to ___ B _ ___anxiety and insomnia.

A. decline B. relieve C quench D suppress

24. Despite concern about the disappearance of the album in popular music, 2014 delivered a great crop of album __ _ C __ _____.

A. publications B appearances C. releases D. presentations

25. The party ’ s reduced vote in the general election was __ _ C __ ____of lack of support for its policies.

A. revealing B. confirming C. indicative D. evident

26. He closed his eyes and held the two versions of La Mappa to his mind ’ s _ _ B _ _____ to analyze their differences. A. vision B eye C. view D. sight

27. Twelve pupils were killed and five ___ A _ ____injured after gunmen attacked the school during lunchtime.

A. critically B. enormously C. greatly D. hard

28. A 15-year-old girl has been arrested __ _ C ___ __ accusations of using Instagram to anonymously threaten her high-school. A. over B. with C. on D. for

29. It was reported that a 73-year-old man died on an Etihad flight __ D ______to Germany from Abu Dhabi.

A. bounded B. binded C. boundary D. bound

30. It ’ s ____ B __ ___ the case in the region ; a story always sounds clear enough at a distanced , but the nearer you get to the scene of events the vaguer it becomes. A. unchangeably B. invariably C. unalterably D. immovably IV. 完形填空：

A. always B. barely C. demise D. emergence E. gained F. implications G. leaf H. lost I. naturally J. object K. one L. online M. rising N. single O. value

MILLIONS of people now rent their movies the Netflix way. They fill out a wish list from the 50,000 titles on the company's Web site and receive the first few DVD's in the mail; when they mail each one back, the next one on the list is sent. The Netflix model has been exhaustively analyzed for its disruptive, new-economy （31）

implications . What will it mean for video stores like Blockbuster, which has, in fact, started a similar service? What will it mean for movie studios and theaters? What does it show about \"long tail\" businesses -- ones that combine many niche markets, like those for Dutch movies or classic musicals, into a (32) single large audience? But one other major implication has (33) barely been mentioned: what this and similar Internet-based businesses mean for that stalwart of the old economy, the United States Postal Service.

Every day, some two million Netflix envelopes come and go as first-class mail. They are joined by millions of other shipments from （34） online pharmacies, eBay vendors, Amazon. and other businesses that did not exist before the Internet. The （35） demise of \"snail mail\" in the age of instant electronic communication has been predicted at least as often as the coming of the paperless office. But the consumption of paper keeps （36） rising . It has roughly doubled since 1980. On average, an American household receives twice as many pieces of mail a day as it did in the 1970's.

The harmful side of the Internet's impact is obvious but statistically less important than many would guess. People (37) naturally write fewer letters when they can send messages. To (38) leaf through a box of old paper correspondence is to know what has been _(39) lost i n this shift: the pretty stamps, the varying look and feel of handwritten and typed correspondence, the tangible (40) object that was once in the sender's hands. V. Reading comprehension Section A P assage one

（1） When I was a young girl living in Ireland, I was always pleased when it rained, because that meant I could go treasure hunting. What’s the connection between a

wet day and a search for buried treasure? Well, it’s quite simple. Ireland, as some of you may already know, is the home of Leprechauns – little men who possess magic powers and, perhaps more interestingly, pots of gold.

（2） Now, although Leprechauns are int eresting characters , I have to admit that I was more intrigued by the stories of their treasure hoard. This , as all of Ireland knows, they hide at the end of the rainbow. Leprechauns can be fearsome folk but if you can discover the end of the rainbow, they have to unwillingly surrender their gold to you. So whenever it rained, I would look up in the sky and follow the curve of the rainbow to see where it ended. I never did unearth any treasure, but I did spend many happy, showery days dreaming of what I could do with the fortune if I found it. （3） As I got older, and started working, rainy days came to be just another

nuisance and my childhood dreams of finding treasure faded. But for some people the dream of striking it lucky never fades, and for a fortunate few, the dream even comes true! Such is the case of Mel Fisher. His dream of finding treasure also began in childhood, while reading the great literature classics “Treasure Island” and “Moby Dick”. However, unlike myself, he chased his dream and in the end managed to become one of the most famous professional treasure hunters of all time, and for good reason. In 1985, he fished up the priceless cargo of the sunken Spanish ship Atocha, which netted him an incredible $400 million dollars!

（4） After the ship sank in 1622 off the coast of Florida, its murky waters became a treasure trove of precious stones, gold bars and silver coins known as “pieces of

eight”. The aptly-named Fisher, who ran a commercial salvaging operation, had been trying to locate the underwater treasure for over 16 years when he finally hit the jackpot! His dreams had come true but finding and keeping the treasure wasn’t all plain sailing. After battling with hostile conditions at sea, Fisher then had to battle in the courts. In fact, the State of Florida took Fisher to court over ownership of the find and the Federal government soon followed suit. After more than 200 hearings, Fisher agreed to donate 20% of his yearly findings for public display, and so now there is a museum in Florida which displays hundreds of the objec ts which were salvaged from the Atocha.

（5） This true story seems like a modern-day fairytale: a man pursues his dream through adversity and in the end, he triumphs over the difficulties - they all live

happily ever after, right? Well, not exactly. Archaeologists object to the fact that with commercial salvaging operations like Fisher’s, the objec ts are sold and dispersed and UNESCO are worried about protecting our underwater heritage from what it describes as “pillaging”.

（6） The counter-argument is that in professional, well-run operations such as Fisher’s, each piece is accurately and minutely recorded and that it is this information which is more important than the actual objec t, and that such operations help increase our wealth of archaeological knowledge. Indeed, as in Fisher’s case, they make history more accessible to people through museum donations and information on web sites.

（7） The distinction of whether these treasure hunters are salvaging or pillaging our underwater heritage may not be clear, but what is clear is that treasure hunting is not just innocent child’s play anymore but profitable big business. I have learnt that the end of the rainbow is beyond my reach, but in consolation, with just a click of the mouse, I too can have a share in the riches that the Atocha has revealed. As Friedrich Nietzsche so wisely said: “Our treasure lies in the beehive of our knowledge.”

41. In Para.4, the phrase “ hit the jackpot ” means ______according to the text. A. discovered the jackpot. B. found the treasure C. broke one of the objects D. ran a salvaging operation

42. It can be concluded from Paras. 5 and 6 that _________. A. people hold entirely different views on the issue B. UNESCO ’ s view is different from archaeologists ’ C. all salvaging operations should be prohibited

D. attention should be paid to the find ’ s educational value

43. How did the author feel about the treasure from the Atocha (Para. 7)? A. She was unconcerned about where the treasure came from B. She was sad that she was unable to discover and salvage treasure. C. She was angry that treasure hunters were pillaging heritage. D. She was glad that people can have a chance to see the treasure. Passage two

（1） PAUL was dissatisfied with himself and with everything. The deepest of his love belonged to his mother. When he felt he had hurt her, or wounded his love for her, he could not bear it. Now it was spring, and there was battle between him and Miriam. This year he had a good deal against her. She was vaguely aware of it. The old feeling that she was to be a sacrifice to this love, which she had had when she prayed, was mingled in all her emotions. She did not at the bottom believe she ever would have him. She did not believe in herself primarily: doubted whether she could ever be what he would demand of her. Certainly she never saw herself living happily through a lifetime with him. She saw tragedy, sorrow, and sacrifice ahead. And in sacrifice she was proud, in renunciation she was strong, for she did not trust herself

to support everyday life. She was prepared for the big things and the deep things, like tragedy. It was the sufficiency of the small day-life she could not trust. （2） The Easter holidays began happily. Paul was his own frank self. Yet she felt it would go wrong. On the Sunday afternoon she stood at her bedroom window, looking across at the oak-trees of the wood, in whose branches a twilight was

tangled, below the bright sky of the afternoon. Grey-green rosettes of honeysuckle leaves hung before the window, some already, she fancied, showing bud. It was spring, which she loved and dreaded.

（3） Hearing the clack of the gate she stood in suspense. It was a bright grey day. Paul came into the yard with his bicycle, which glittered as he walked. Usually he rang his bell and laughed towards the house. To-day he walked with shut lips and cold, cruel bearing , that had something of a slouch and a sneer in it. She knew him well by now, and could tell from that keen-looking, aloof young body of his what was happening inside him. There was a cold correctness in the way he put his bicycle in its place, that made her heart sink.

（4） She came downstairs nervously. She was wearing a new net blouse that she thought became her. It had a high collar with a tiny ruff, making her, she thought, look wonderfully a woman, and dignified. At twenty she was full-breasted and luxuriously formed. Her face was still like a soft rich mask, unchangeable. But her eyes, once lifted, were wonderful. She was afraid of him. He would notice her new blouse.

（5） He, being in a hard, ironical mood, was entertaining the family to a

description of a service given in the Primitive Methodist Chapel. He sat at the head of the table, his mobile face, with the eyes that could be so beautiful, shining with tenderness or dancing with laughter, now taking on one expression and then another, in imitation of various people he was mocking. His mockery always hurt her; it was too near the reality. He was too clever and cruel. She felt that when his eyes were like this, hard with mocking hate, he would spare neither himself nor anybody else. But Mrs. Leivers was wiping her eyes with laughter, and Mr. Leivers, just awake from his Sunday nap, was rubbing his head in amusement. The three brothers sat with ruffled, sleepy appearance in their shirt-sleeves, giving a guffaw from time to time. The whole family loved a \"take-off\" more than anything. 44. It can be learned from the beginning that Mariam ’ s attitude toward love between her and Paul is ________.

A. indifferent B. desperate C. pessimistic D. ambiguous

45. The narration in Para. 3 tells us that Miriam had all the following feelings except _______.

A. delight B. expectation C. uncertainty D. forebearing

46. Which of the following statements is correct about the family ’ s response to Paul ’ s mockery?

A. Only the parents found it entertaining. B. Every member except Marriam was amused

C. The brothers found it hard to appreciate. D . Mariam also thought it was amusing Passage three

（1） I’ve written this article and you’re reading it. So we are members of the same club. We’re both literate – we can read and write. And we both probably feel that literacy is essential to our lives. But millions of people all over the world are illiterate. Even in industrialised western countries, such as the UK and the USA, approximately 20% of the population have 'low literacy levels'. But what exactly does that mean?

（2） My parents both left school at 14. They could read and write, but except for a quick look at the daily newspaper, reading and writing didn't play a big part in their lives. There were very few books in the house. My mother was amazed because the woman who lived next door always wrote a list of what she needed before she went to the supermarket. Why couldn't she remember? We laughed about that for weeks. Our family didn't write lists! And when I was only 14 years old my father gave me an important letter that he'd written to the bank and asked me to check it for grammar and spelling mistakes. And there were quite a lot. He never usually wrote letters or postcards or even Christmas cards. So when he had to write he wasn't comfortable or confident. Does that mean that my father had a 'low level of literacy'? I don't think so.

（3） There are lots of different definitions of literacy. Some experts define it as having the reading and writing skills that you need to be independent in your everyday life. So, for example, if you can read instructions, write a cheque, fill in a form, – anything that you need to do in everyday life – then you are 'functionally literate'.

（4） Other people say that you are illiterate if you think that you are illiterate. In other words, if you feel that you can't read or write as well as you would like to. （5） If you live in a society where most people are literate then you will feel ashamed or embarrassed and avoid situations in which you have to read or write. The father of a friend of mine finally admitted to his family that he couldn't read when he was 45 years old. He bought the newspaper every day and pretended to read it - and believe it or not, his family had no idea.

（6） We often forget that writing is a recent invention. Many years ago, the word 'literate' meant being able to communicate well in speaking, in other words what we now call 'articulate'. Story telling was an important activity in the past and still is

today in some societies. Reading was often a co-operative activity – someone would read aloud to a group, often from a religious text such as the Koran or the Bible. （7） Only a hundred years ago, in the United States, you were considered to be literate if you could sign your name to a piece of paper. It was an important skill. You were not allowed to vote if you couldn't sign the voting register, so literacy was connected with political rights, and many people were excluded from the democratic process.

（8） Nowadays we see reading and writing as being connected, but that wasn't so in the past. Many people could read, but not write. Writing was a skilled profession. If you needed something written then you paid an expert to write it for you. （9） And of course, rich and important people have always employed people to write things for them. Important company bosses dictated letters to their

secretaries or personal assistants. And now with new computer software you can dictate directly to your computer.

（10） Being illiterate can have a big effect on people's lives. For example, a study in the UK showed that people who write and spell badly are seen as careless, immature and unreliable, and often unintelligent. So it is more difficult for them to find jobs, even when reading and writing are not necessary for the work.

（11） World-wide statistics show that literacy problems are associated with

poverty and a lack of political power. More women than men are illiterate. Illiterate people have worse health, bigger families and are more likely to go to prison. So literacy campaigns must be a good thing. But don't forget that an illiterate person, or someone with a low level of literacy, isn't necessarily stupid or ignorant – and may not be unhappy at all. Knowledge and wisdom isn't only found in writing. 47. Why does the author give two examples in Para 2? A. To show that literacy is interpreted in different ways. B. To show that Father was more literate than Mother. C. To indicate how important reading and writing are. D. To compare the level of literacy between neighbours.

48. According to the author, the following are some of the defining features of literacy EXCETT________.

A. psyhchological B. functional C. social D. independent

49. Which of the following statements about reading and writing is CORRECT? A. Reading and writing have always been regarded as equally difficult. B. People had to read and write well in order to be allowed to vote.

C. Reading often requires more immediate interaction than writing. D. Reading and writing have always been viewed as being connected. 50. What do the last two paragraphs mainly focus on ? A. Effects of illiteracy and employment problems. B. Effects of illiteracy and associated problems.

C. Effects of illiteracy on one ’ s personality development. D. Effects of illiteracy on women ’ s career development.

Section B. Short answer questions. (Answer each question with no more than ten words) P assage one.

51. what does This in Para. 2 refer to? I t refers to the treasure hoard of Leprechauns.

52. Why did Fisher have to battle in the courts after he found the treasure (Para. 4)? B ecause he was sued over ownership of the treasure. Passage two.

53.Why did Mariam wear a new net blouse on S unday afternoon? Because she wanted to attract Paul ’ s attention.

54. What is the meaning of the sentence “… he would spare neither himself nor anybody else ” in Para. 5?

Everyone, including himself, would become the targets of his mockery. Passage three.

55. Explain the meaning of the last sentence of Para. 11 according to the context. I lliterate people may also have knowledge and wisdom.

高等学校商务英语专业四级样题

Module I

Listening Comprehension（35%） Section One

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question.

Question 1 to 5 are based on an interview. A t the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.

1. What is the specific field of study for John ’ s dissertation? A. the current state of universit ies in San Francisco B. western philosophy

C. philosophy with an emphasis on Buddhist studies D. eastern religions

2. Which is NOT True about Suen Mok ?

A. It has got a very good program for ten day meditation retreats . B. Their meditation programs teach only foreigners . C. Their meditation programs teach meditation techniques. D. It is not the only temple John studies. 3. What is so special about Tam Krabok ?

A. It teach es people to meditate and overcome their drug addiction. B. I t organizes meditation retreats for foreigners.

C. It organizes workshops to promote Thailand’s version of Buddhism . D. It teaches people the essence of Theravada . 4. How many people have been cured in Tam Krabok? A. about one hundred B. about one thousand C. about one hundred thousand D. more than one hundred thousand

5. Which of the following statement is Not True according to the interview? A. O pium was il legal in Thailand until 1959 . B. O pium was legal in Thailand until 1959 .

C. Drug addiction is a big problem in many different countries.

D. In John ’ s understanding, B uddhism basically tr ies to help people live better lives . Section Two

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and fill in blanks that follow.

Questions 6 to 10 are based on a news broadcast. A t the end of the news broadcast you will be given 10 seconds to fill in each of the following five blanks. Now listen to the interview.

6. The number of new homes being constructed across Australia rose by 15 per cent in the December quarter, which is since 2001.

7. Department store owner David Jones says sales are expected to slow over the next few months as taxpayer handouts and the dr y up. 8. The World Bank has warned China's facing a big problem.

9. The World Bank revised up its forecasts for China's from 8.7 to 9.5 per cent this year.

10. The World Bank’ s quarterly China report suggested that higher migrant wages could help boost rural incomes and reduce the between rural and city lifestyles. Section Three

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Questions 11 to 13 are based on an interview. A t the end of the interview you will be given 5 minutes to answer the following three questions. Now listen to the interview.

11. Describe the impact of the economic downturn on teenagers who left school without completing year 12 in 2008 .

12. Describe the current economic downturn in Australia.

13. How did the retail industry perform in this economic downturn?

Module II

Business Reading and Writing 40% (50 minutes) Section A 5%

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in Blanks 14-18 with the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheets.

America sounds increasingly determined to push its exports, and its attitude to China has 14 . Mr Obama has set a goal of 15 exports in five years and has promised to “get much tougher” over what it regards as unfair competition from China. Speculation is rising in Washington, DC, that the Treasury will brand China a currency “manipulator” in its next exchange-rate report. With America’s

unemployment at 9.7% and the mid-term elections approaching, the appeal of China-bashing is rising in Congress, too. Several senators recently revived a mothballed demand that the Commerce Department should investigate China’s currency regime as an unfair trade 16 .

Beijing, in turn, shows little sign of budging on the yuan, even though the latest figures show surprisingly strong export growth and higher-than-expected 17 . Zhou Xiaochuan, the head of China’s central bank, caused a brief flurry in currency markets when he argued on March 6th that keeping the yuan stable against the dollar was “part of our 18 of policies for dealing with the global financial crisis” from which China would exit “sooner or later”. But he made it quite clear that China would be cautious and gave no hint that sudden exit was imminent. In recent days various other Chinese officials have put even more emphasis on the stability of the currency, bristled at outside pressure to hurry up and denounced American “politicisation” of the exchange-rate issue. 14 . A. stabled B. h arden ed C. toughed D. firmed 15 . A. two B. twice C. doubling D. double 16 . A. surplus B. allowance C. help D. subsidy

17 . A. inflation B. appreciation C. depreciation D. stagflation 18 . A. parcel B. package C. bundle D. series Section B 5%

Directions: Look at the tables and graphs below. For each table or graph, there are one or two statements describing it. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Question19 is based on the following graph.

19 . When did Hong Kong inflation rate rise to 2.9%?

A. June, 2010 B. August 2010 C . November 2010 D. January 2011 Questions 20-21 are based on the following graph .

20. In which month did China ’ s Monthly Passenger Vehicle Sales drop to about 63% on a year-on-year basis?

A. August 2009 B. October 2009 C . February 2010 D. March 2010 21 . Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. The growth rate of China ’ s monthly passenger vehicle sales fell most notably in February 2010.

B. China ’ s monthly passenger vehicle sales climbed to the peak at the end of 2009. C. From August 2009 to December 2009, the monthly passenger vehicle sales continued to increase in number.

D. In terms of the monthly sales volume, June 2010 witnessed the lowest sales volume.

Questions 22-23 are based on the following graph .

22. According to the graph, in which year does the growth rate drop most dramatically?

A. 2008 B. 2009 C . 2010 D. 2011

23 . Which of the following statement is INCORRECT ?

A. The sales volume of China ’ s online game industry in 20 08 added up to 20.78 billion Yuan .

B. The year-on-year growth rate of China ’ s online game industry is estimated to drop to 9.7% in 2012 .

C. The growth rate on a year-on-year basis dropped 9.8% in 2010 than that of the year 2009.

D. The sales volume of China ’ s online game industry in 20 14 will climb to an estimated 46.11 billion Yuan. Section C 10%

Directions: Read the following two passages. Choose the best answer for each statement or question from the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet.

Questions 24-28 are based on the following passage. Passage One

There is something apt about a social networking website winning a popularity contest. According to industry data, Facebook overtook Google among US internet users last week, with more visits to its pages than to the search engine. It is a

moment to consider the rapid growth of a site whose 400m-plus users outnumber the population of any single country except India and China.

The industry data come with a few caveats. The figures exclude visits to other

Google services, such as YouTube and Google Mail. They omit searches carried out in a box on a browser toolbar. Also, the number of visits is just one measure of internet take-up: counting unique users – visitors rather than visits – gives a different profile. Still, it highlights the momentum behind Facebook as it displaces Google. from the weekly lead it has commanded on this measure since September 2007.

Advertisers find Facebook appealing too. It enables them to reach a mass audience, as television does, but with the extra benefit of much greater targeting. Consumer brands could easily extend their presence beyond the fan pages that already exist. Moreover, a social site provides consumers who visit for much longer than they would use a search engine. So increased advertising, and perhaps ways to allow users to shop through the site, should enable Facebook to move from positive cash flow to making profits.

It will need to tread carefully. There is a risk for advertisers – and for the site – if Facebook moves to become commercial in a way that users resent. In amongst personal information, advertisements are more likely to strike a jarring note. The high-growth phase means that Facebook can take its time developing ways to increase revenues. The key must be to find ways that bring practical benefits to those who visit the site. There is an intrinsic stickiness about a site where users have assembled their own material, but if people stop updating their pages and social networking takes a new form, then winning users back is a hard task. What the data do not show is that search engines have had their day. Google's core search advertising business rebounded in the final quarter of 2009, and the group is preparing for renewed growth. Moreover, there is a straightforward reminder of how fragile the fortunes of social networking sites can be: the site that Google overtook in 2007 to become most popular in the US was MySpace – which is now seeking a new role as social users have moved elsewhere.

2 4. What is the reason for MySpace ’ s withdrawn from the role as social networking site ?

A. It is overtook by other social networking site like Facebook. B. It has lost its social users.

C. It has introduced in too many advertisements . D. It has become a profit-making site. 25 . Which of the following is NOT true ? A. Facebook users outnumber that of Google. B. Yourtube is one of Google services.

C. Before this week, Google had lead all other websites on the measure of visits since 2007.

D. Facebook is a social networking site.

26 . The word “ stickiness ” in the penultimate paragraph probably means “____” A. The website is dirty and making users feel uncomfortable. B. The website often brings its users into situation embarrassing . C. The website, in essence, is difficult to tackle with.

D. The website is attractive and makes users want to look at it for a long period of time

27 . Which of the following is not the reason that Advertisers find Facebook appealing ?

A. Facebook can attract a lot of audience . B. Facebook can help to target customers-to-be.

C. Facebook allows more chances for the ads to be noticed.

D. Facebook is able to move from positive cash flow to making profits. 28 . T he author’ s attitude toward the development of Facebook is . A. positive B. negative C. objective D. Information is not enough Questions29-33 are based on Passage Two. Passage Two

AS EXECUTIVES from Toyota, including the firm’s boss, Akio Toyoda, squirmed before their tormentors in America’s Congress this week, there was little public gloating from rival carmakers. Although it is Toyota that is currently in the dock after a crushing series of safety-related recalls across the world, competitors are only too aware that it could be their turn next. After all, there is not a single big

carmaker that has not modelled its manufacturing and supply-chain management on Toyota’s “lean production” system.

That said, there is a widespread belief within the automotive industry that Toyota is the author of most of its own misfortunes. In his testimony to the House oversight committee on February 24th, Mr Toyoda acknowledged that in its pursuit of growth his firm stretched its lean philosophy close to breaking point and in so doing

became “confused” about some of the principles that first made it great: its focus on putting customer satisfaction above all else, and its ability “to stop, think and make improvements”.

James Womack, one of the authors of “The Machine that Changed the World”, a book about Toyota’s innovations in manufacturing, dates the origin of its present woes to 2002, when it set itself the goal of raising its global market share from 11% to 15%. The target was “totally irrelevant to any customer” and was “just driven by ego”, he says. The rapid expansion, he believes, “meant working with a lot of unfamiliar suppliers who didn’t have a deep understanding of Toyota culture.”

By the middle of the decade recalls of Toyota vehicles were increasing at a sufficiently alarming rate for Mr Toyoda’s predecessor, Katsuaki Watanabe, to demand a renewed emphasis on quality control. But nothing was allowed to get in the way of another (albeit undeclared) goal: overtaking General Motors to become the world’s biggest carmaker. Even as Toyota swept past GM in 2008, the quality problems and recalls were mounting.

The majority of those problems almost certainly originated not in Toyota’s own factories, but in those of its suppliers. The automotive industry operates as a complex web. The carmakers (known as original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs) sit at its centre. Next come the tier-one suppliers, such as Bosch, Delphi , Denso, Continental, Valeo and Tenneco, who deliver big integrated systems directly to the OEMs. Fanning out from them are the tier-two suppliers who provide

individual parts or assembled components either directly to the OEM or to tier-one suppliers. (CTS Corp, the maker of the throttle-pedal assemblies that Toyota has identified as one of the causes of “unintended acceleration” in some of its vehicles, is a tier-two supplier whose automotive business accounts for about a third of its sales.)

On the outer ring of the web are the tier-three suppliers who often make just a single component for several tier-two suppliers. Although there are literally thousands of tier-two and tier-three suppliers around the world, their numbers have been culled over the last decade as the OEMs and the tier-one firms have

worked to consolidate their supply chains by concentrating business with a smaller number of stronger companies.

Toyota revolutionised automotive supply-chain management by anointing certain suppliers as the sole source of particular components, leading to intimate

collaboration with long-term partners and a sense of mutual benefit. In contrast, Western carmakers tended either to source in-house or award short contracts to the

lowest bidders. The quality Toyota and its suppliers achieved made possible the “just in time” approach to delivering components to the assembly plant. In his book, Mr Womack quotes a Toyota supplier: “We work without a safety net, so we can’t afford to fall off the high wire. We don’t.”

Most big car firms now operate in a similar way. Ford, for example, will often work with a tier-one supplier for up to three years before a new model comes off the production line to ensure that the design and manufacturing of important

components is sound. So-called cross-functional teams from both firms strive to eliminate defects. Rather than always going for the low bid, carmakers now look at the total cost of a component, including potential interruptions to production and, further down the line, customer warranty claims if quality is not up to scratch. By and large, the relationships between the OEMs and the tier-one suppliers run smoothly. When problems do crop up, it is usually with the tier-two and tier-three firms. A senior purchasing executive at one carmaker says that consolidation, the need to trim capacity and the shock to demand that began in mid-2008 have put the weaker parts of the supply chain under great strain: “Some of these are quite fragile businesses. There’s a need for visibility, but we don’t always have it. If something goes wrong, we need transparency and speed of communication to make sure it doesn’t get to the customer.”

A consequence of Toyota’s breakneck expansion was that it became increasingly dependent on suppliers outside Japan with whom it did not have decades of

working experience. Nor did Toyota have enough of the senior engineers, known as sensei, to keep an eye on how new suppliers were shaping up. Yet Toyota not only continued to trust in its sole-sourcing approach, it went even further, gaining

unprecedented economies of scale by using single suppliers for entire ranges of its cars across multiple markets.

A senior executive at a big tier-one supplier argues that although Toyota’s single-supplier philosophy served it well in the past, it took it to potentially risky extremes, especially when combined with highly centralised decision-making in Japan.

“There’s a trade-off ,” he says. “If you don’t want duplication of supply you have to have very close monitoring, you have to listen to your supply base and you have to have transparency. That means delegating to local managers. With Toyota, it works well at the shop-floor level, but things break down higher up.”

In the aftermath of Toyota’s crisis, the industry is now asking itself whether sole-sourcing has gone too far. “It may be safer not to have all your eggs in one basket, but to have maybe three suppliers for major components who can benchmark each other,” says another purchasing manager. Until very recently, Toyota was the peerless exemplar. For now, at least, it is seen as an awful warning. 29 . Which of the following best de fines “ lean production system ”? A. The production system is less wasteful and more efficient.

B. The production system is not duplicated.

C. The production depends solely on one big supplier . D. All of the above .

30 . According to James Womack , which of the following was discovered to be the cause of Toyota ’ s crysis ? A. It lacks close monitoring.

B. It is driven by its goals of expansion. C. It is self-complacent. D. It depends on one supplier.

31 . When did Toyota vehicle recall begin to alarm its leaders ? A. 2010 B. 2002 C. 2009 D. 2005

32 . With respect to the crisis, what are the advantages of Toyota ’ s supply-chain management?

A. More efficient in time. B. More secured in quality. C. With a net of trust and safety. D. More money saving.

33 . Wh at is the possible meaning of “ trade off ” in the penultimate paragraph ? A. Buy and sell. B. Sell away. C. Exchange.

D. A balance between two opposing things. Section B Business Writing 20% (20 minutes)

You are Michael Leung . You bought 2010 Camry three weeks ago from Toyota, and now you found your car was in the recall list. So write a complaint letter to Toyota and tell the person concerned this: 1) Describe to him the item you bought .

2) Tell him what ’ s wrong and what troubles this recall has brought to you. 3) Say what you want done to remedy the situation , for example, a refund or repair, or a temporary car. Write 100- 120 words. Write on your Answer Sheet. Module III

Business Knowledge and Translation 25% (30 minutes) Section A 10%

Directions: Translate the following business terminologies into Chinese and briefly define the terms in English. 1. FOB (shipping) Translation Definition:

2. Direct investment Translation Definition 3. L/C Translation Definition

4. Dumping Translation Definition

5. Dividen ds

Translation Definition

Section B 15%

Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write the English version on the Answer Sheet.

中国官方统计数据显示，中国2月份房屋销售价格同比上涨10.7%，涨幅较1月份的9.5%有所扩大。但是我在和的朋友告诉我，典型单元房价格的年涨幅在50%以上，甚至可能达到100%。

高等学校商务英语专业四级样题答案 Module I Section One CBACA Section Two

6. the biggest rise 7. Government's stimulus 8. inflation 9. gross domestic product (GDP) 10. inequality Section Three

11. More than half the teenagers who left school without completing year 12 in 2008 didn't find a full-time job and they didn't get a place in further study. or More than half the people who left school in 2008 without matriculating couldn't find full-time work or a place in further study.

12. I t's a milder economic downturn than the recessions of the early '90s and the early '80s , but it shows a larger, more complex, more troublesome picture. And the impact of it on the labor market might not yet be over.

13. ABS study shows that the retail sector fared worse in this mild downturn than it did in the quite severe recession of the early 1990s. Module II Reading Comprehension and Writing 1 4 . B 15 . C 16 . D 17 . A 18 . B 19 . C 20 . A 21 . A 22 . B 23 . C 2 4. B 25 . A 26 . D 27 . D 28 . C

29 . D 30 . B 31 . D 32 . A 33 . D Section B Business Writing Sample: March 21, 2010 Dear Sir/Madam ,

My car is 2010 Camrey and I bought it just three weeks ago. It is now on the recall list. I’m scared to drive it now, especially that I have two children under the age of 5. As this car was my only mode of transportation, it was crippling for me to be

without a car . S o I ’ m writing to ask if the dealership where I bought my car can give me a temporary car (that is not on the recall list), while they fix my Camry. If this can not be done, I hope that your company will reimburse the cost and inconvenience that such a recall brings to me. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully Michael Leung Michael Leung Module III

Business knowledge and TRANSLATION Section A

1. FOB: Free on Board 装运港船上交货

FOB stands for \"Free On Board\loading.[1] Indicating \"FOB port\" means that the seller pays for transportation of the goods to the port of shipment, plus loading costs. The buyer pays cost of marine freight transport, insurance, unloading, and transportation from the arrival port to the final destination. The passing of risks occurs when the goods pass the ship's rail at the port of shipment. Direct Investment 2. 直接投资

I nvestment in which a resident of one country obtains a lasting interest in, and a degree of influence over, the management of a business enterprise in another country. 3. 信用证

A standard, commercial letter of credit is a document issued mostly by a financial institution, used primarily in trade finance, which usually provides an irrevocable payment undertaking. 4. 倾销

The word is now generally used only in the context of international trade law, where dumping is defined as the act of a manufacturer in one country exporting a product to another country at a price which is either below the price it charges in its home market or is below its costs of production. 5. 红利/股息

Dividends are payments made by a corporation to its shareholder members. It is the portion of corporate profits paid out to stockholders. Section B (sample translation)

The Chinese official statistics say that the average rise in property prices was 10.7 per cent in February. The increase is accelerating from a year-on-year rise of 9.5 per cent in January. However, my friends in Shanghai and Beijing say the rate of price increases of typical housing units is above 50 percent a year and may reach 100 per cent.

高等学校商务英语专业考试（四级）

口试试题

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高等学校商务英语专业考试（四级）

TEST FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH MAJORS ( Band Four ) (T BEM-4 )

SPEAKING

Section A Answering questions (2 minutes)

Good morning/ afternoon, may I have your mark sheets please?

M y name is … , and this is my colleague…

S he is not going to ask you any questions, instead she will be just listening to us. S o you are … ? A nd you are …

F irst of all, we ’ d like to have your understanding of some knowledge in

international business and trade. So I’ m going to ask you some questions about it. (Interlocutor chooses 2-3 questions for each candidate) (To a student)

● Where do you prefer to work, a foreign-funded enterprise or a state-run enterprise? W hy?

● What should Chinese people be careful about when communicating with foreigners? Can you give us an example?

● How do you feel about products “ made in China ” ? Why? ● How would you promote a new product focusing on young people? (To an adult)

● Do you like taking business trips? W hy?

● What should Chinese people be careful about when communicating with foreigners? Can you give us an example?

● Would you explain why some luxurious products are cheaper abroad than in China ?

● How would you promote a new product focusing on middle-aged people? Section B Presentation (4 minutes)

In this section, I’ ll give each of you one topic, and I’ d like you to make a presentation of your ideas on this topic for about 2 minutes. This is for you, Candidate A , and this is for you, Candidate B. You have 2 minutes to prepare. Card for Candidate A

Suppose you are an assistant manager in an advertising company and your boss Ron Miller would like to find a new office site and rent it for one year. He assigned you to find a suitable location and make a presentation accordingly. The statistics you get are as follows.

Table 1 Civil Square vs. Garden Square

Location Net rent Civil Square Garden Square

Features Operating cost in CBD; convenient transportation near a park; quiet

Costs per month Parking cost $300 $250

$100 $50 $80

$40

Card for Candidate B

Suppose you are an assistant manager in a dairy manufactur ing company and your boss John Smith would like to know the sales of dairy products this year so he can arrange next year’s production . He assigned you to do a market research and make a presentation accordingly. The statistics you get are as follows. Table 1 Sales of Dairy Products Type Market share Full milk Skimmed milk Yogurt Fruit milk

Sales Trend 35% 28% 22% 15%

last year it was 50 % last year it was 20 % last year it was 20 % last year it was 10 %

Section C Business communication (6 minutes)

I n this section, I’ ll give each of you a cue card with business information, and I’ d like you to make a business conversation with it for about 4 minutes. Y ou talk to each other and I won ’ t join you.

This is for you, Candidate A , and this is for you, Candidate B. Now, y ou have 2 minutes to prepare . Cue Card for Candidate A

Situation: Ms./Mr. Steven and Ms./Mr. Wang are talking about the claim of cameras . ● You are:

Ms./Mr. Wang, the purchasing manager of Beijing Digital Electronics Corporation. ● For the claim :

You claim half of the cameras are broken. You claim the reason is faulty package.

S how an inspection report testifying the cameras were broken before being unpacked.

A sk for exchange of broken cameras .

Claim for a compensation of $1000, as your company lost a large order because of insufficient stock of sound cameras.

Refuse the discount of 10% and ask for a discount of 20%.

Accept the discount of 15% and a $300 compensation for future cooperation. Express appreciation of Ms./Mr. Steven ’ s quick settlement of dispute and hope for future cooperation.

T he dispute is settled in a friendly way.

Cue Card for Candidate B

Situation: Ms./Mr. Steven and Ms./Mr. Wang are talking about the claim of cameras . ● You are:

Ms./Mr. Steven, the market manager of an American c ompany . ● For the claim :

Express regret and try to find the reason .

Announce that if the package is inappropriate, your company would be responsible for the loss.

Apologize for the unsuitable package and the loss caused. P romise to exchange the broken cameras.

Refuse to pay $1000, but offer a discount of 10% on next purchase of Ms./Mr. Wang ’ s company.

Disagree on the 20% discount, but offer a discount of 15% plus a compensation of $300.

Promise your company will be very careful about package and hope for future cooperation.

T he dispute is settled in a friendly way.

近几年来专四语法知识题归纳

My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man _____ he was fifteen years ago. (D) A. which B. whom C. who D. that

Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND? (C) A. Beg your pardon. B. Have a good time. C. Never do that again! D. What noise you are making!

Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose? (A) A. She said it for fun , but others took her seriously. B. For all its effort , the team didn't win the match. C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years . D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.

When you have finished with the book, don’t forget to return it to Tim, ___?(B)

A. do you B. will you C. don't you D. won't you

In phrases like freezing cold , burning hot , or soaking wet , the -ING participleis used _____. (D) A. as a command B. as a condition C. for concession D. for emphasis

Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT? (B) A. The city is now ten times its original size . B. I wish I had two times his strength . C. The seller asked for double the usual price . D. They come here four times every year .

It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. (A) A. as B. nor C. but D. like

Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object? (C) A. What do you think has happened to her? B. Who do you think the visiting professor is? C. How much do you think he earns every month? D. How quickly would you say he would come? The additional work will take _____ weeks. (B)

A. the other B. another two C. other two D. the more Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause ? (D) A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.

B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year. C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning. D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days . It's getting late. I'd rather you _____ now. (A) A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leave

In the sentence “The manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning”, the italicized word is used to modify _____. (C)

A. the object B. the verb C. the subject D. the prepositional phrase There is no doubt _____ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned. (B) A. whether B. that C. why D. when The sentence that expresses OFFER is _____. (A) A. I'll get some drinks. What'll you have? B. Does she need to book a ticket now?

C. May I know your name?

D. Can you return the book next week?

Which of the following italicizes phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation? (B)

A. Mr. Smith's passport has been issued. B. The visitor's arrival was reported in the news. C. John's travel details have not been finalized. D. The new bookstore sells children's stories . 2012年

Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?(C) A．Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him． B．No one except his supporters agree with him． C．Neither Julia nor I were going to the party． D．Few students in my class are really lazy．

Which of the following determiners can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?(D) A．many a B．few C．such D．the next

Which of the following reflexive pronouns is used as an appositive?(B) A．He promised himself rapid progress． B．The manager herself will interview Mary． C．I have nothing to say for myself ．

D．They quarreled themselves red in the face．

My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch．(A) A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS?(C)

A．By now she will be eating dinner． B．I shall never do that again．

C．My brother will help you with the luggage ． D．You shall get a promotion ．

Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (A) A．How strange feelings they are! B．How dare you speak to me like that! C．What noise they are making! D. What a mess we are in!

Which of the italicized parts functions as a subject? (D) A．We never doubt that her brother is honest ． B．The problem is not who will go but who will stay ． C．You must give it back to whoever it belongs to . D．It is clear that the crime was done deliberately ． Which of the italicized parts functions as an object? (C) A．He doesn't like the idea of my speaking at the meeting． B．It is no use your pretending not to know the matter． C．My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night ． D． Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip． All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT____. (A) A．She bought herself a pair of new shoes B．Only one problem still remains-the food C．My friends all understand and support me D．She liked her current job，teaching English

Which of the following best explains the meaning of “Shall we buy the tickets first”? (C)

A．He said that we were going to buy the tickets first． B．He requested that we buy the tickets first． C．He suggested that we buy the tickets first． D．He advised us to buy the tickets first．

Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause? (B) A．I got a job as soon as I left university． B．As there was no answer, I wrote again． C．You must do the exercises as I show you． D．Wealthy as he is，Mark is not a happy man．

Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial? (D)

A．Are you sure of Simon's disappearance ? B．The man with a beard is talking to the manager.

C．Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan ． D． Despite the rain ，everyone enjoyed the trip． A：Mother, you promised to take me out． B：Well, _____ (A)

A. so I did! B. so did I. C. so I do! D. so do I.

Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of concession? (C)

A．They used the box for keeping treasures． B．I stepped aside for her to get in first．

C．For all that he seems to dislike me，I still like him．

D．The parents bought a birthday cake for their son． Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (B) A．Poultry are very expensive in the city．

B．New machinery were introduced in the factory． C．The police are investigating the murder case． D．The militia were called out to rescue flood victims． 2013年

Facing the board of directors, he didn’t deny _____ breaking the agreement. (B)

A. him B. his C. it D. its

Xinchun returned from aboard a different man . The italicized part functions as a (n) ______ in the sentence. (D)

A. appositive B. object C. adverbial D. complement Which of the following is a compound word? (C) A. Nonsmoker. B.Meanness C. Deadline. D. Misfit.

Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? (A) A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o’clock. B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro. C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights. D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday. The following determiners can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT____. (A) A. many B. enough C. more D. such

Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST? (C) A. She opened the door and quietly went in.

B. Think it over again and you’ll get an answer. C. Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports. D. He is somewhat arrogant, and I don't like this.

Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute? (D) A. Much. B. Neither. C. One. D. Quarter.

All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPT____. (B)

A. Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four B. The school pupils will be home by now C. The President is coming to the UN next week D. He is going to email me the necessary information

Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT? (A) A. Politics are the art or science of government. B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me. C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.

Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship? (C)

A. The occupation of the island B. The law of Newton C. The arrival of the tourists D. The plays of Oscar Wilde

Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? (C) A. He is not the man to draw back. B. Larry has a large family to support .

C. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie . D. There is really nothing to fear .

Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence? (A) A. I wish you could stay behind. B. You will mind your own business! C. Come and have dinner with us. D. Let me drive you home, shall I?

If it _______ tomorrow, the match would be put off. (B) A. was to rain B. were to rain C. was raining D. had rained

Which of the following sentences expresses a fact? (D) A. Mary and her son must be home by now. B. Careless reading must give poor results. C. He must be working late at the office. D. It’s getting late, and I must leave now.

The following are all dynamic verbs EXCEPT_____. (A) A. remain B. turn C. write D. knock 2014年

It is essential that he ________ all the facts first. (D)

A. is examining B. will examine C. examines D. examine Which of the following sentences expresses a future action? (B) A. Lucy is continually finding fault with her sister. B. We are meeting the visitors after the performance. C. The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge. D. I’m hoping that you’ll give us some advice.

Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement? (D)

A. The front door remained locked . B. The boy looked disappointed. C. Nancy appeared worried . D. He seemed to have no money left .

Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (C) A. Physics is an important school subject. B. The United States borders Canada. C. The Niagara Falls is in North America. D. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.

Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY? (A) A. The moon cannot always be at the full. B. You cannot smoke inside the building. C. He cannot come today. D. She cannot play the piano.

The boys in the family are old enough for ________. (B) A. schools B. school C. the school D. the schools Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship? (D)

A. He was reading Mary’s letter in the room. B. You can buy men’s shoes in this shop. C. Mrs. Black’s passport was lost.

D. The enemy’s defeat brought the war to an end. Please pardon ________ you. (A) A. my disturbing B. disturbing

C. me to disturb D. that I disturb

59. Which of the following tag questions is INCORRECT? (C) A. Carry this parcel for me, will you? B. Nobody wants to go there, does he? C. Few people know him, don’t they? D. Everything is ready, isn’t it?

Which of the following reflexive pronouns is used as an object? (B) A. I spoke to the president himself. B. You must pull yourself together. C. Linda herself will play the violin. D. Frank is not quite himself today.

The research team can handle ________ needs to be handled. (D) A. whenever B. whichever C. wherever D. whatever Which of the following italicized parts modifies an adverb? (A) A. Do it right now. B. That was a very funny film.

C. I rather like my teacher. D. We walked about 6 miles. When the sentence “They had made a mess of the house” is turned into passive voice, which of the following is CORRECT? (C) A. A mess had been made in the house. B. A mess had been made by them. C. The house had been made a mess of. D. The house had been made a mess.

Fool ________ Michael is, he could not have done such a thing. (B) A. who B. as C. that D. like

When the sentence “Shall I drive you to the airport first?” is turned

into indirect speech, which of the following is most appropriate? (B) A. He agreed to drive me to the airport first. B. He offered to drive me to the airport first. C. He advised me to go to the airport first. D. He suggested that I drive to the airport first. 2015年

When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, _____? (C)

A. don’t you B. do you C. will you D. won’t you

Mary is ____ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam. (A) A. no less B. no more C. not less D. not so Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? (D) A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting. B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register. C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong. D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.

Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense? (B) A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school. B. I’ll give it to you after I return . C. What is the matter with you? D. London stands on the River Thames.

It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand. (D) A. but B. nor C. like D. as

There is no doubt ____ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project. (B)

A. why B. that C. whether D. when

All the President’

s Men _____ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal. (A)

A. remains B. remained C. remain D. is remaining

If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ____ able to advise you much better than I can. (C)

A. will be B. was C. would be D. were Which of the following is a stative verb? (D) A. Drink B. Close C. Rain D. Belong

Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation? ( C )

A. The man has a large family to support. B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother. C. He was the last guest to leave. D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.

The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?” EXCEPT _____? (B)

A. Bob did it B. Bob did so C. Bob did that D. Bob did. Which of the following is INCORRECT? (D)

A. Another two girls B. Few words C. This work D. A bit of flowers Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness? (B)

A. What will you do when you graduate? B. They will be home by now. C. Who will go with me? D. Why will you go there alone?

When one has good health, ____ should feel fortunate. (C) A. you B. she C. he D. we

There _____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. (D)

A. to be B. to have been C. be D. being

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