周次 课题 教学目标 教学重点 教学难点 上课时间 Small Talk Words, Phrases and Sentence Patterns Building up skills of small talk at social events Grammar- didn’t need to do & needn’t have done 课型 I目标展示，自主学习，深化拓展 重要句式剖析
1. Make sure you prepare for your English examination．务必为你的英语考试做准备。 (1)句中make sure表示”务必，确保”。此外，make sure还可表示”核实，查明，弄清楚”。make sure的常见用法：
make sure of／that„确缈弄清楚„„(从句常用一般现在时) make sure(not)to do sth．确保(不)做某事
They scored another goal and made sure of victory．他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。
I think the door’s locked，but I’ll just go and make sure．我觉得门已经锁上了，不过我还是去看看确认一下。
(2)prepare for表示”为„„做(好)准备”。而prepare sth．表示”准备„„”。如： She was busy preparing a report all the night．她一整晚都忙着准备报告。prepare oneself for／to do sth．使自己为„„做(好)准备
prepare to do sth．准备做某事
2．Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize ?你是否曾经故意穿过马路以避免与你认识的人说话?
(I)句子结构分析： 动名词短语作宾语
to avoid talking to someone ( □ you recognize)，
„不定式作目的状语 定语从句．关系代词已省去．． (2)句中avoid后接动名词短语作宾语。如：
These days he always avoids meeting with me for some reason． 最近他因某种原因总是避免与我碰面。口诀巧记常接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
建议考虑 坚持练(suggest，advise，consider，insist on，practise) 允许想象 弃冒险(permit，allow，imagine，give up，risk) 阻止抵抗 否逃脱(prevent，resist，deny，escape) 不禁介意 保持完(can’t help，mind，keep，finish)
耽误推迟 求原谅(delay，put off，require，forgive，excuse) 承认错过 欣避免(admit，miss，appreciate，avoid)
3.People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation．具备良好社交技能的人能很好地和别人交流并且知道怎样聊天。
句中how to have a conversation属于”疑问词／whether+不定式”结构。”
疑问词／whether+不定式”结构的用法说明：语法功能：主语、宾语、表语.作主语时谓语动词通常用单数 常见疑问词：who(m)，how，when，where，which，what How to do it is still a question．怎样做此事仍然是个问题。
He told me how to answer all the questions in English．他告诉 我怎样用英语回答所有的问题．
4．Here are some ideas to make you a better listener．下面是一些使你成为良好倾听者的方法。 句中make you a better listener属于”make+宾语+宾补”结构，宾补由名词充当|make+宾语+宾补”的常见形式： 名词 形容词／副词 make+宾语+ 介词短语 过去分词
不定式(不带to)
You have made me feel embarrassed．你让我感到很尴尬。 I made them give my money back．我让他们把钱还给我。
5.The only problem is that I’m not very good at small talk with people I don’t know—I’m always worried about saying the wrong thing or making people feel bored．唯一的问题是我不擅长和我不认识的人闲谈——我总是担心说错话或让人觉得无聊。
6.Her motto was“Every time I open my mouth，I put my foot in it．”她的座右铭是：”每次开口，都说错话。”句中every time是名词短语，起连词的作用，引导一个时间状语从句。如：
You don’t have to look up every new word in the dictionary every time you come across it while reading an article．读文章时，你不必遇到生词就去查词典。 归纳总结
起连词作用引导时间状语从句的名词短语：
the+时间名词：the second，the minute，the instant等
time类名词短语：the first／last time，each／every time，next time等 the+其他类时间名词：the week，the year，the month等
7.It was no coincidence either that she wasn’t a very good saleswoman．她不是一个好的推销员也绝非偶然。
句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。英语中，为了平衡句子结构，习惯上用it作形式主语来代替后面 的从句。如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday．你昨天没去看那部电影真遗憾。 It was really surprising that she married a man like that．她嫁给那样的男人真让人惊讶。 it作形式主语的常见句型：
It+be+形容词(important，necessary„)+主语从句
It+be+名词词组(a fact，a pity，a shame„)+ 主语从句 It+be+过去分词(said，believed，expected„)+ {主语从句 It+不及物动词(seem，appear，happen„)+主语从句
It+be+形容词(easy，difficult，possible„)(+for／of sb．)+动词不定式，
8.The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought，and didn’t think about what she said．埃斯特的问题是她想到什么就说什么，而且从不考虑她所说的话。
9.“No，I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career with us。”Esther replied sweetly．”不，我猜测他们选择你是不想你一辈子都跟着我们干。”埃斯特甜美地答道。
discourage sb．from doing sth．表示”劝阻某人做某事，使某人放弃做某事”。其反义词组为encourage sb．in sth．／to do sth．如：
His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor．他的父母试图阻止他当演员。 The bad weather discouraged most people from attending the parade．恶劣的天气使大多数人放弃去参加游行。
梯度训练
1．The explorer got a disease for _______of fresh vegetables and fruit． A．sake B．1ack C．ignorance D．benefit
2．I was so familiar with her that I recognized her voice_________ I picked up the phone． A．the moment B．after C．before D．while
3．Why not try your luck downtown，Bob? That’s ________ the best jobs are． A．where B．what C．when D．why
4．So sad did she look at the news that I didn’t know ________say to comfort her． A．what to B．how to C．what can I D．how can I 5．________ doesn’t matter to me what you do． A．It B． That C．This D．What
6．_______the differences in colors，languages and races，we share the charm and joy of the Olympic Games．
A．Though B．Because of C．In spite of D．In addition to
7．Hey! Please do me _____ favour．I must get some money from _____ATM machine． A．the；a B．a；the C．the；an D．a；／ 8．一What should I do with the text?
_______ the topic sentence of each paragraph．
A．Finding out B．Found out C．Find out D．To find out 9．一Did you see Jane’s new hairstyle? It’s so ugly! 一You really_________．She’s right behind you．
A． put your foot in it B．shut your mouth C．made it D．hit the point V：反思跟进 教学后记：
READING PRACTICE,CULTURAL CORNER AND TASK
一·目标展示 I．重要句式剖析 1.When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen，no matter how dull the person’s speaking may be,(而在美国)当一个人发表见解时，不管他说得多么无聊。都期待每个人注意听。(1)句子结构分析：
When someone talks,„(no matter how) dull„ 时间状语从句 主句(引导让步状语从句)
(2)”no matter+疑问词”的用法说明：语法功能：引导让步状语从句
常见的疑问词：who(m)，what，where，when，how，which与wh—ever的区别：引导让步状语从句时，两者可以互换，wh—ever还可引导名词性从句(wherever和whenever除外)
1)No matter what happened，he would not mind．(=Whatever happened，he would not mind．)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。
2)No matter who／Whoever he is，he must obey the law．不管是谁，他都应该遵守法律。 名师点晴 no matter wh-／wh-ever，考点诠释：
1．引导让步状语从句时，根据不同语境选取不同的wh-；2．引导名词性从句时，no matter wh-作为迷惑项出现在备选项中与wh—ever进行辨析。
2．You can safely ask questions about families．where you come from。leisure interests，as well as the latest movies．你除了可以很坦然地问最新的电影，还可以问有关家庭、籍贯、业余爱好等的问题。as well as在此表示”不但„„而且„„”；此外还可表示”与„„同样好”。如：),Your wife as well as you is friendly to me．不仅你对我很友好，你的妻子也对我很友好。You look as well as you did ten years ago．你的身体看起来还和十年前一样好。 3．A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone，but this doesn’t mean that you’re close friends,or the relationship is very deep． 认识某个人很短一段时间之后，你们之间可能会有一次亲密交谈，但这并不意味着你们是亲密的朋友或关系非常好。 句子结构分析：
A highly personal conversation can take place„someone,
第一分句
but this doesn’t mean that you’re„or the„
并列连词 第二分句(that引导宾语从句or并列连词(选择) 二·深化拓展
4．But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask，particularly if you clearly show you’re aware of cultural differences，they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions．尽管极少数的美国人会担心你可能提的问题，特别是如果你明显地表现出你很了解文化差异。但是在问你相似的问题之前，他们会犹豫。 (1)句子结构分析： ’
if引导条件状语从句
„while few Americans„if you„differences， while引导的让步状语从句if引导条件状语从句 they may hesitate before．．．question． 主句before引导时间状语从句
(2)while引导让步状语从句时，为从属连词，表示”尽管，虽然”。如： While I am willing to help．I do not have much time available． 尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。 让步状语从句类型面面观：
1)wh-+-ever类——由whatever，however，whichever，wherever，whenever等引导(可用no matter+wh一替换)
2)although／though类——由although／though引导，不与but，however等词连用 3) even if／even though类——由even if／even though引导
4)as类——由as引导，从句必须倒装，作表语的单数名词提前时其前不要冠词
5.Income is a very private matter，and you’d do well to avoid asking how much people earn，although some people may not only be open about it，but show off their wealth.
收入是件很私人的事情，你最好避免问别人挣多少钱。尽管有些人对此不仅不加隐瞒，而且有炫富之意.
(1)句子核心部分结构分析： ·
you’d do well to avoid asking how much people earn , 第二分句的主句宾语从句
although some people may(not only„but show off„)
第二分句的从句引导让步状语从句 not only„but(also)连接平行结构 (2)not only„but(also)„表示”不但„„而且„„”。用法说明：
语法功能：连接平行结构——名词、代词、动词(短语)、非谓语动词、介词短语、句子等 主谓一致：连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but(also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致
倒装：not only„but(also)„连接并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only后的分句要部分倒装
Not only the students but(also)the teacher was against the plan．不但同学们反对这个计划，老师也反对。They speak English not only in class but(also)after class．他们不仅课堂上说英语，课下也说英语。Not only does the sun give US light but(also)it gives as heat．太阳不仅给我们提供光还给我们提供热。名师点晴not only„but (also)„考点透视：
1．平行结构形式上的一致性以及某些成分的承前省略(如省略不定式符号to等)；2．连接的并列成分作主语时，主谓一致的问题；3．连接并列分句且not only位于句首时的倒装问题。
6．It is estimated that 80％0f all conversation in English is small talk．据估计，所有英语会话中有80％是闲聊。
“It is estimated that„”属于”It is／was+过去分词+that从句”结构，该结构的用法说明： 主语：it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语
常用的过去分词：said，reported，known，thought，believed，suggested等 同义句型：Sb．／Sth．is／was+过去分词+不定式(三种不同形式)
It is reported that a lot of people lost their jobs in this city last month．据报道，上个月这个城市的许多人都失业了。He is estimated to finish this work in three months．据估计，他完成这项工作需要3个月的时间。名师点睛“It is/was+过去分词+that从句”考点荟萃：1．对形式主语it的考查；2．对主语从句的引导词that的考查;3．该句型的相关句型”Sb．／Sth．is／was+过去分词+不定式”中不定式不同时态的运用。
7. Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room，or the cafe or party，etc．设想一种情形。两个陌生人在他们俩都认识的某个人离开房间、咖啡屋或聚会等之后进行交谈。 (1)句子核心部分结构分析：
where„after someone (they both know)has left„party，etc． where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词situation after引导时间状语从句(they both know为定语从句，修饰someone)
(2)先行词为相对抽象的地点名词case，point，situation，degree等，并且定语从句中主谓成分完整时，这时应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。如：
This is a job where you can learn something．从这项工作中你能学到一些东西。
名师点睛 先行词为抽象的地点名词时，定语从句引导词的选择是高考常考的知识点，明确引导词在从句中所作的成分是解题的关键所在——作地点状语，引导词用where；作主语、宾语，引导词用that／which。此外，要掌握常见的几个抽象类地点名词—— case，point，career，degree，job等。 三·梯度训练 基础知识达标
1．____________well prepared you ale，you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing．
A．However B．Whatever C．No matter D．Although 2．______________ our money，but we were nearly killed．
A．Not only we lost B．Not only did we lose C．We not only had lost D．Not only we had lost 3．1 was born in China and have been living here．I can’t imagine ________anywhere but China． A．work B．working C．to work D．having worked
4．The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of LiuXiang，who was reported __________the world record in the 110—meter hurdle race．
A．breaking B．having broken C．to have broken D．to break 5．Although they are twins，the young man and his twin brother have little___________________. A．in common B．on common C．at common D．with common
6．______________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships．
A．No matter what B．No matter which C．Whatever D．Whichever
7．After graduation she reached a point in her career _________she needed to decide what to do．
A．that B．what C．which D．where
8．Mr．Smith as well as many other foreign friends _______________our school．
A．is paid a visit to B．has paid a visit to C．have paid a visit to D．are paid a visit to
9．一Hello．Mr．Smith．This is Larry Jackson．I am afraid 1 won’t be able to arrive on time for the meeting in your office．
—____________．We’11 wait for you．
A．Hurry up B．No doubt C．Cheer up D．That’s all right 10．一Any suggestion?
一You’ d better __________the last sentence as it is rather misleading． A．put out B．1eave out C．point out D．pick out 教学后记： 语法考点聚焦
自主导学： I：目标展示 ◇考点1
didn’t need to do
didn’t need to do表示“(过去)不必做某事(实际上也没有做)”。如：
We didn’t need to take a taxi：it’s within walking distance．So we walked here． 我们不需要打的，步行就能到达。因此，我们步行到这儿。
You don’t need to come if you feel sick．如果你不舒服就不必来。 You didn’t need to buy the book；it Was too complex to understand． 你不必买那本书，它太复杂了，很难懂的。
Father sent me the document．So I didn’t need to write to him for it．
父亲把文件寄来了，所以我不必为此写信了。 needn’t have done-
needn’t have done表示”本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。如：
You needn’t have hurried．There is plenty of time．你本不必这么匆忙，有的是时间。 You needn’t have washed those clothes；we have a washing machine to do that sort of thing．你本不必洗那些衣服的，我们有台洗衣机干这种活儿。 There was plenty of time．He needn’t have hurried． 当时时间还很充足，他本不必匆匆忙忙的。
I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came． 我本来没有必要买这么多酒的——只来了五个人。
It is warm today．You needn’t have worn your coat．今天天气暖和，你本来不必穿大衣的。 III：深化拓展
情态动词+have done
(1)表示对过去情况的推测 结构 Must have done May/might have done May/might have done Can’t have done Could have done 适用句式 肯定句 肯定句 否定句 否定句 肯定句 意义 一定（已经）„„ 可能（已经）„„. 可能还没有„„. 不可能（做过）„„. 本能做（实际没做） 说明：might／could有时并不是may／can的过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气或可能性更小。 (2)表示对过去所发生的事情的遗憾或责备之情 结构 适用句式 意义 本（不）该做„„. Should/ought to have done 肯定句、否定句 We should have gone swimming，but it rained．我们本应该去游泳的，但下雨了。 You shouldn’t to have stopped on the motorway．你本不该停在机动车道的。 IV：梯度训练
1．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday．I _______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me．
A．should have taken B．could have taken C．needn’t have taken D．mustn’t have taken 2．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience，he __________better． A．need have done B．must have done C．could have done D．might have done 3．一She looks very happy．She ________have passed the exam． ---I guess so．It’s not difficult after a11． A．should B．could C．must D．might 4．一My cat’s really fat．
一You——have given her so much food．
A．wouldn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 5．--Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you．
一Thanks. You _______it．I could manage it myself．
A . needn’t do B．needn’t have done C．mustn’t do D．shouldn’t have done 6．一Did you finish the report yesterday?
一No，I______it．Tomorrow is the deadline．
A．didn’t need to do B．needn’t have done C．mustn’t have done D．couldn’t have done 7．We didn’t see Tom at the meeting yesterday．He ________ it． A．mustn’t have attended B．cannot have attended C．needn’t have attended D．would not have attended 8．一I Can’t find my purse anywhere．
一You _____ have lost it while shopping． A．may B．Can C．should D．would V：反思跟进 教学后记：
复习要点串联
I重点词汇
1．advance adj．预先的；n．前进，进步；v．前进，推动 advanced adj．先进的，高级的；晚期的 in advance(of„)(时间上)在„„之前，预先 2．think of想起，考虑；认为；想出
What do you think of„?你认为„„怎么样7 ． think highly／badly of„对„„评价高／不高 think of„as„把„„看做„„，把„„视为„„ 3．favour n．帮助，恩惠，支持；v．支持，偏袒 do sb．a favour帮某人一个忙 ask a favour of sb．请某人帮忙 in favour of支持，赞同
(be)in sb.’s favour对某人有利
4．reply n．答复，回信；vt．＆vi．回答，答复 in reply to回复„„
made a/no reply作答／不作答
reply(to„)(with„)(以„)回复(„) reply that„答复„„
5．absence n．缺少，缺乏；缺席，不在 in sb.’s absence在某人不在时
in the absence of„„不在时；缺少„„ absence of mind心不在焉，精神恍惚
absent adj．不在场的，缺席的；心不在焉的 be absent from不在„„，缺席 6．apology n．道歉，致歉 apologise v．道歉，致歉
make an apology to sb．for(doing)sth．因(做了)某事而向某人道歉 apologise to sb．for(doing)sth．因(做了)某事向某人道歉 7．1eave out省去，删除；忽视，不考虑 1eave alone不管，不理会 leave behind忘带；遗留 leave off停止
leave for动身去(某处)
8．show off炫耀，卖弄；使引人注目 show sb．around带领某人参观„„ show up出现，出席；暴露 show in／out领入／出 9．imagine vt．想象，设想 imagine+n.／pron.
limagine+that„／wh—clause imagine+doing／sb．doing sth． imagine sb．／sth．(to be)+adj． 10．purpose n．目的，意图
on purpose(=purposely)故意地
for /with the purpose of为了„„ II．重点句型
1．make sure的常见结构
make sure of／that„确保／弄清楚„„(从句常用一般现在时) make surre(not)to do sth．确保(不)做某事 2．疑问词“+不定式”结构
语法功能：主语、宾语、表语---作主语时谓语动词通常用单数 常见疑问词：who(m)，how，when，where，which，what whether 3．“make+宾语+宾补”的常见形式 名词
形容词／副词 make+宾语+ 介词短语 过去分词
不定式(不带to) 4．时间名词作连词引导时间状语从句
the+时间名词：the second，the minute，the instant等
time类名词短语：the first／last time，each／every time，next time等 the+其他类时间名词：the week，the year，the month等 5．it作形式主语的常见句型 It+be+形容词+主语从句 It+be+名词+主语从句 It+be+过去分词+主语从句 It+不及物动词+主语从句
It+be+形容词+(for／of sb．)+动词不定式 6．”It is／was+过去分词+that从句”结构
主语：it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语
常用的过去分词：said，reported，known，thought，believed，suggested等 同义句型：sb．／sth．is／was+过去分词+不定式(三种不同形式) III．单元语法
didn’t need to do needn’t have done 情态动词+have done
做题指导
要点透视：分隔现象 高考考点透视
“分隔现象”即用各类短语、各种从句或插入成分将两个原来在语法关系上甚为密切的句子成分隔开的现象。
对近年高考题“分隔现象”的考查点归纳如下： 一、主语谓语被分隔
主、谓语被分隔的现象，通常应注意句子主谓一致的 问题。
【高考链接】Dr．Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_________visit Beijing this summer．
A．is going to B．are going to C．was going to D．were going to
【答案解析】 A。句子主语Dr．Smith与谓语动词被 together with his wife and daughters分隔，认清句子结构便
可知谓语动词应用单数形式，再结合时间状语this summer可知此处用is going to。 二、固定短语被其他成分分隔
【典例展示】 Mr．Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _________some schools for poor children．
A．set up B．setting up C．have set up D．having set up
【答案解析】 B。句中出现的固定短语devote„to„ 被定语从句he had分隔，因为to是介词，其后的动词用
一ing形式，故选B。 三、定语从旬的先行词与从旬被其他成分分隔 定语从句的先行词与从句之间被其他成分分隔，此时，要注意确定先行词。
【高考链接】The girl managed to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _______she would stay for an hour．
A．where B．who C．which D．what
【答案解析】 A。考查定语从句。where引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，先行词为the training centre。
四、同位语从句的中心名词与从句被其他成分分隔: 同位语从句的中心名词常可跟一些修饰成分，从而与从句形成被分隔的现象；有时为了平衡句子结构，中心名词作主语时其后直接跟谓语动词，这也形成了中心名词与从句被分隔的现象。
【高考链接 News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University．
A．which B．what C．that D．where
【答案解析】 C。that引导同位语从句用来解释说明news的具体内容，旬中由于谓语部分过短，为平衡句子结构，将从句放在了句末。 五、复合谓语被分隔
复合谓语被分隔是指谓语部分的助动词、系动词或情态动词与主要动词被分隔的现象。
【高考链接】In the good care of the nurses，the boy is ___________recovering from his heart operation．
A．quietly B．actually C．practically D．gradually 【答案解析】D。句子的谓语是is recovering，被副词隔开，这里表示身体的逐渐恢复，故用gradually。
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