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使用x2检验的注意事项

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2010年8月第4卷第3期Chin J Oper Proc Gen Sur ̄(Electronic Edition).August 2010.Ⅷ4.Nn3 graft.Eur J Surg Oncol,2007,33(4):459-462. .31. function after colonic J-pouch anastomosis and straihtg anastomosis orf stapled low anterior resection:results of a prospective random— [2]Scow—Choen F,Goh HS.Prospective randomized trial comparing J colonic pouch・anal anastomosis and strai【htg coloanal rccoastruc— tion.Br J Surg,1995,82(5):608-610. ized maL Surg Today,2002,32(2):104-l10. llb ̄k O,Pahlman L,Krog M,et a1.Randomized comparison [11] Ha[3]Ho YH,Scow—Choen F,Tan M.Colonic J-pouch function at six months versus staright coloanal anastomosis at two years:random— of straihtg and colonic J pouch anastomosis after low ntaerior resec— tion.Ann Surg,1996,224(1):58-65. ler M,Fuchs KH,Fein M,et a1.Randomi[12] Saized clinical tril acomparing quality of life after straight and pouch eoloanal recon. ized controlled tri1.Worald J Surg,2001,25(7):876-881. [4]Hallb ̄fik O,Nystrom PO,Sj ̄ala R.Physiologic characteristics of straight and colonic J-pouch anastomoses after rectal excision for struction.Br J su昭,2002,89(9):1108—1117. iz H,De Miguel M,Armendariz P,et a1.Coloanal anastomo— [13] OrtcallceL Dis Colon Rectum,1997,40(3):332-338. [5]Fazio Vw,Zutshi M,Remzi FH,et a1.A randomized muhicenter tril tao compare long—term functional outcome,qualiy tof life,and sis:are functional results better wih a pouch?Dist Colon Rectum. 1995,38(4):375-377. thes F,Chiotasso P,Gamagami RA,et a1.Late clinical out— [14] Lazorcomplications of surgical procedures for low rectal cancers.Ann Surg,2007,246(3):481-488. come in a randomized prospective comparison of colonic J pouch [6]Liang JT,Lai HS,Lee PH,et a1.Comparison of functional and suricagl outcomes of laparoscopic—assisted colonic J-pouch VCI ̄US straight reconstructlon after total mesorectl excisaion for lower rec— and strai htg coloanal anastomosis.Br J Surg,1997,84(1O): 1449-1451. 1.Small colonic J-pouchimproves co- [15] HoYH,Yn S,AngES,etalonic retention of liquids—rndomaized,controlled tril wiath scintig- tal cancer.Ann Surg Oncol,2007,14(7):1972-1979. [7]Park JG,Lee MR,Lim SB,et a1.Colonic J-pouch anal anastomo. sis er ultralow anterior resection witll upper sphincter excision for raphy.Dis Colon Rectum,2002,45(1):76-82. effenT,TarantinoI,Hetzer FH,eta1.Safety andmorbidity af- [16] Stlow—lying rectal cancer.World J Gastoentrerol,2005,11(17): 2570-2573. ter ulra—ltow coloanal anastomoses:J-pouch vs end—to—end recon. strucfion ̄Int J Colorectal Dis,20o8,23(3):277-281. d AR,Moore RA,Carroll D,et a1.Assessing het quality of re— [17] Jadeports of randomized clinical trils:ias blinding necessary?Contolr [8]Ho YH,Tan M,Scow・Choen F.Prospective randomized con— trofled study of clinical function and anorectal physiology after low anterior resection:comparison of straight and colonic J pouch an— Clin Trials,1996,17(1):l—l2. astomoses.Br J Surg,1996,83(7):978-980. [18] Hozo SP,Ojulbegovic B,Hozo I.Estimating the mean and vail- alice from he tmedian,range,and the sie of za sample.BMC Med [9]Ffimt A,Burghofer K,Hutzel L,et a1.Neorectal reservoir is not the functional principle of the colonic J-pouch:the volume of a Res Methodol,2005,5(1):13. sh0rt colonic J-・pouch does not difer from a straihtg coloanal atlas— tomosis.Dis Colon Rectum,2002,45(5):660-667. (收稿日期:2010-05-20) [1O]Oya M,Komatsu J,Takase Y,et a1.Comparison of defecatory 杨明,李金明,王中川,等.低位直肠癌根治结肠J形贮袋肛管吻合术后排便功能的Meta分析[J/CD].中华普外科手术 学杂志:电子版,2010,4(3):271-277. 使用x 检验的注意事项 .读者.作者.编者 x (称卡方)检验用途非常广泛,主要用于检验2个或2个以上样本率或构成比之间差别的显著性,也可检验两类事物之 间是否存在一定的关系。使用x 检验的注意事项 1.计算x 值时,必须用绝对数,而不能用相对数,因为x 值的大小与频数大小有关。 2.当自由度为1时,需考虑进行连续性校正,当求出的x 值略大于3.84时,校正更为必要。因为往往会改变原来的结论。 3.多组资料进行x 检验时,如理论频数小于5的个数占全部理论频数个数的五分之一以上时,要进行适当的并组,但应 注意,要并得合理,若比较几个等级资料相差是否显著时,用Ridit分析法或秩和检验为好。 4.假设检验的结论,只提示两样本从同一总体中抽得的概率。当两种疗法的病死率相差显著时,并不证明某疗法疗效 差,只是说两样本从同一总体抽得的概率小,因此可能两样本来自不同的总体,差别有意义。当相差不显著时,并不证明两疗 法疗效相同,只是说两样本来自同一总体的可能性大,因此作出有判别的结论数据不足。至于有、无差别的理由,要从专业上 加以探讨,差别的大小,要根据医学上的实际意义来评论。 5.进行假设检验的资料应合乎随机抽样原则,且各组除处理因素不同外,其他条件应尽量控制其相同。下结论时,不能 绝对化,因为显著性界限是人为规定的,相对的。即使是根据P<0.01作出的结论,仍有l%错误的可能。当检验结果与显著 性界限很接近时,可加大样本继续观察,不要急于下结论。 本刊编辑部 

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