学位英语笔记

作文

English in quite a few respects is useful, enough…

“”内的内容或斜体字表示是作文题目。

1. Different people have different ideas with regard to n.名词。

 Some people believe argue/ claim that 观点(肯)宾语从句。

如果作文名是一个名词n. knowledge，就直接填上去。

如果作文名是一个句子，例如：computer is important，就加the fact that 作文题。

Computer in quite a few respects is useful (good) enough.

 While some other people hold a strong (认为) belief that 观点(否)定语从句。

Computer is not important.

Computer is unimportant.

Computer is less important. 这种写法最好。

You are ugly.

You are less beautiful. 这种写法要好。

 As far as I am concerned, I appreciate (agree) the former’s (前者) idea.

2. There are a number of reasons which can account for (explain) this.

递进关系：论述时，最重要的观点(原因)放在最后讲。

In the firstplace, reason 1 .

in addition (并且，此外), reason 2 and what’s more important, reason 3 .

小结论：

Therefore

As a result

As a consequence

 As a consequence, 小结论。

3. From what has been discussed above, （综上所述）

We can safely （useful, vital） come to a conclusion that 同位语从句。

注：如果作文不够3段时，一定要在第三段写个OK或Yes,符合文体结构也能得1至2分。

如何把句子写长：

Computer is so important that it can be used everywhere especially in scientific research for young people nowadays in China who are interested in computer science. 语法

一、 虚拟语气

1. 与现在或将来事实相反

If + S + did (be-were), S + should (would could might might) + do

例：If I were you, I (we) should study English well.

省略If的话，就应该将were提至前边：

Were I you, I (we) should study English well. 2. 仅适应与将来事实相反

If + S + were to do, S + should (would could might might) + do

If + S + should + do, S + should (would could might might) + do

3. 与过去事实相反

If + S + had + done, S + should (would could might might) have done

例：If he hadn't been ill yesterday, he wouldn’t have been absent.

省略If的话，应该将hadn't变成had not, 现将had提至前边：

Had he not been ill yesterday, he wouldn’t have been absent.

4. 省略与倒装必须同时进行：见1和3

5. 特别注意主从句时间不一致，分别用各自的结构。

If I were a beautiful girl, I should have married a Japanese man.

6. 介词短语

Without = but for (没有)

Without your help last term, I couldn’t have passed all my exams.

二、 在从句中的应用（主、宾、表、同、状）

S + should + do

1. 主语从句

It is + adj. that s + should + do (真主语)

① obvious明显

② natural自然

③ important vital 重要 生命

④ necessary essential imperative 必要的 必不可少的 当务之急

⑤ strange odd 奇怪

⑥ urgent desirable 紧急的 advisable 建议的

⑦ incredible unbelievable 不可信的

2. 宾语从句

① 建议：propose, advise, suggest.

表示“人”的单词做主语，肯定是虚拟语气；反之则不是。

I suggest that he should speak English. 可以用虚拟语气

Her pale face suggests that she is ill. 不可以用虚拟语气

② 要求：desire demand request

Require command request

③ order insist

3. It is + done that S + should + do

只限第2种里讲过的过去分词中用虚拟语气

It is required that he should come here.

4和5. 表.同

n. ①order desire demand, command, request

②proposal, advice, suggestion, requirement, insistence

My suggestion is that he should speak English. The news(内容或含义) that I heard (定)

that he died …

A professor gave us an order that we should hand in our papers.

6. 状语从句

lest = in case = for fear that conj.

We have to learn to cheat in case we should be created.

注：凡be done (should + do)答案都是对的。

①S + do

It is strange that he be(省略了should) out manager. 正确

That he has（should have) a car. 错误

②S + be done

It is natural (be spoken) that English should.

③否定 S + not + be done

三、

1. wish (vt.)

2.as if

as though

3.if only

4.would rather (宁愿)

凡be done (v) 都是对的。

1. S + do

It is strange that he be(should) our manager. 正确

That he has (should have) a car. 错误

2. S + be done

It is natural(be spoken) that English should. 3. 否定

S + not + be done

三、1.wish (vt.) 与现在或将来事实相反：S + did(be-were)

2.as if 与过去：S + had + done

As though

3.if only

4.would(宁愿) rather

We wish we passed out English test.

I wish my mother had married an American 20 years ago.

四、It is (was) high(about) time that 早该做什么事了，但是没有

S + did

It is you went home.

小书P99页

1A 3C 省略了if 4B 5B 11C 16B 17C 26D 31B 32C

倒装(部分倒装)把助、系、情态动词放在主语的前边

1. so+ 助+系+情+主语(肯)

You like English. So do I.

You went home. So did I.

You are a teacher. So am I.

2. Neither (Nor) +助+系+情+主语(否)

You don’t like Japanese. Neither do I.

3. So +adj. So +adv. 倒装

So great is Mr. Jiang that he is loved by anyone everywhere.

4. ※Only can you save yourself in the world.错误

Only(状语) 注意only后边必须紧跟状语才能倒装。

Only in the world can you save yourself. 正确

5. No sooner ☆ …. than…. (……就……)

Hardly/scarcely ☆ ….when….

标五角星的地方要求倒装： had + S + done

than和when后边表示一般过去时。

No sooner had he passed his exams than he received his diploma.

6. 否定意义的单词或短语放在句首

① never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely

例：Never do I miss you.

② Never, before

Never before have I cheated you.

③ Little, nowhere, not until, conj.

例：Not until she was 30, did she make her first boyfriend.

④ at no time, by no means

on no account, in no case / way

under no circumstances adv. 决不(副词)

例： under no circumstances will china be the first country to use nuclear weapons(核武器).

注： If were, should, had, 一旦把if省去，这个句子就必须倒装。

反问句

① Let’s go, shall we?

② Let’s us go, will you?

③ Sit down, please will you? 祈使句

④ He must(is) be a doctor, Isn’t he?

⑤ He told me that they would fly to Japan, ?

A. Didn’t he B. did he C. would they D. wouldn’t they

⑥ There is little water, ? A. isn’t is B. it C.is there D. isn’t there (句式一致)

⑦ He used to swim once a week, Didn’t he ?

同he went home didn’t he

主渭一致

1. n(主语)+介词短语

名词单数

例：A professor together with his six students is making an experiment. A. are B. is

2. Not only….. but also

Either …… or

Neither …… nor

均采取就近原则，看省略号后边的，主语有几个，就选几个。

例： Not only you but also Tom and I D . 两个主语，因此选D

A．am a doctor B.am doctors C.are a doctor D. are doctors

3. The rich the poor

教员 一类人 (复数)

4.a number of books / teachers 复数

The number of book /teacher 单数

5.时间、金钱、距离都用单数

Ten years is short.

6.many a teacher (单数，第三人称) is poor.

7.people, police, staff = personnel (全体工作人员)

crew(复数)

every teacher and every student is 以一个句子为主语的也是单数

What your name is has nothing to do with me.

情态动词的完成时态(时间—过去)

1. must have done------反义词--- can’t have done

His father must have robed the bank last week.

It must have rained last night.

2. can’t have done

It can’t have rained last night.

3. could have done

I could have killed him last night.

4. should have done 改成否定句直接在should后边加not

ought to have done 早该…… ago.

You should have been here 10 minutes.

You should have played computer games last night.

5. needn’t have done 不必

You needn’t have made such an inhuman girlfriend.

形容词

1. 与…..一样(相同)

as….as 用于肯定句

so….as 用于否定句 等立连词：前后一致。

adv.副词

注：倍数只能放在as的前边。

As poor as you

As hard as

Very good

Very well

You are as tall as me. 错误

You are as tall as I (am省略了). 正确

You are as tall as I do. 错误

You are as tall as I can. 正确

You are ten times as tall as I. 单数：The climate in Xi’an is as good as that in Lanzhou. 复数：The students……. A.it B.that

2. than 比较级(一个比其余的都…….)

He is taller than C in his class. 正确答案永远是 than any other n.(名词单数)

A.any boy B.any boys C.any other boy D.any other boys.

3. the more …… the more 越……越……

① 等立连词 as…as

② 比较级 than

The more you work, the less you get.

The more she makes up, the uglier she becomes.

4. 一种特殊的比较级

Be superior to(介) ----- be inferior to

比…..好 =be better than 比…..差

5. 最高级(必须有对比的范围，没有对比范围，就不可能有最高级)

 介词短语 as…as, 比如 of all the doctors.

 定语从句： 比如Guilin is the most beautiful place. That I’ve ever visited.

时态

注：哪个是将来完成时，哪个就是正确答案

1． S + shall (will) have done

2． Whoever 只要有它，就是正确答案

=anyone, who 任何一个人

共16个时态

按时间划分4个：现在，过去，将来，过去将来

按动作划分4个：一般现在时，过去进行时，过去完成时，现在完成进行时

凡是完成时态：所涉及的时间单位肯定是2个。 S + have / has + done

现在完成进行时：S + have / has + been + doing

过去完成时，在“过去”之前完成的。

相对时态： S + had + done (比如：在此之前，我已经学习了3年英语了)

※考得最多：时态呼应(一致)

1.时间、条件、让步状语从语用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

If it is fine to morrow, we shall go.

2.in (within, daring, over, for) the past (last) ten(数目) years(复：表示时间)

Great changes have taken place in China during the past 30 years.

3.主语：is (am, are) the first(序) time that 现在完成时. ①This is the third time that you have cheated me.

②主语：is (am, are) the only + n(单数) that 现在完成时.

You are the only girl that I’ve ever loved in my life.

③主语：is (am, are) the 形容词最高级 that 现在完成时.

You are the cleverest students that I’ve ever taught.

代词

1. Everyone ---- no one (反义词，用法相同) 1个，永远不能表示人 of

2. Both ----neither 2个

3. All ---- none 3个及以上 of 正确

如：forget ---- remember

All of us All of books

名词

1. the news = words, information

fact statement, idea = belief

evidence = proof 证据

这些名词如果放在句首，这一步的正确答案肯定是“that”,因为它是从渭语从句。

2. A. three woman doctors

B. three women doctors C. three women doctor

man 和 woman 是单数还是复数，必须和前面的数字保持一致，后边的名词也应保持一致。

3. boyfriends

定语从句

1. There are many students, D are poor.

A.some of them B. some of those C. some of who D.some of whom 介词宾格

2. He is the same(先行词) girl(人、物) who you loved before.

3. There is nothing(先行词) that is more important than knowledge.

4. Chin has a large population, which is known to all.

先行词如果出现such或such a(定语), 后边就只能用as.

5. I’ll never forget the days B I spent in Japan. A. when B. 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as (主，宾，定)

关系副词：when, where, how, why

1. Everything, something, anything, 先行词是这些时用that.

2. All that

Spent money

Time

which

小书P： 1B 2C 6B

P66：21C 18B

P70：47B 18B

P107： 2D 4D 5B 8D 9B 10C 11B

P110: 24C 28C

P113: 10B 11C

P114: 18A

P115: 22A

大书：P121是往届正式考题

P122：16A 18D

1. 一般现在时，S + or(otherwise, should, would, could, might) +do, 否则

You are ugly, or I should marry you = If you were not ugly.

2. 过去时, or(otherwise) S + should (would, could, might) have done

He was ill, or he wouldn’t have been.

If he hadn’t been ill.

3. 情态动词的完成时

He must have overslept, or he wouldn’t have been late for class.

P122: 22题 neither (Nor)

P122: 30题 两个答案不知道选哪个时，选前边的，正确率高。

词汇看哪两个单词尾部一样，选前边的。

非渭语动词：也是动词，它的就是不能单独做渭语。

1.动名词：I like reading (v. n.)novels. 一个单词既具备名词特性又具备动词特性的，叫动名词。

2.分词：doing (adj.)形容词 可作表、定、状、宾、补语。重点考分词做状语。

Done(adv.)副词

I find English easy. I find English interesting.

① 伴随状语 ②时间状语 ③原因状语

二、时态和语态

状语(目的、结果)变否定全在结构的最前边加not.

完成时态 被动语态

doing being done

not having done not having been done

to do to be done

to have done to have been done

最常考的是完成时态：当发生在句子渭语动词前，要用非渭语动词的完成时态。

I am sorry to have given you up last year.

动名词

一、 动名词做主语，只考一种情况：

It(形主) is noise /no sense /no good

=useless =senseless无意义/ worthwhile值得

My coming (Tom’s crying) 动名词的复合结构：如果变否定，my not coming.

Your studying English.

Would you mind my opening (vt.) the window?

使用类推法。

It is no sense his making (vt.) a girlfriend at college.

动名词做宾语

1. 介词后边都要跟动名词，不能跟动词不定式

I am good at speaking English.

2. 动词宾语

① Enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid

② Suggest, consider, risk, delay = postpone

Appreciate, furry = imagine, involve, deny 否认

后边只能跟doing， 不能跟to do

※注：常考的几个：forget, remember, regret 这些单词既可以跟doing(表示动作已经发生)， 又可以跟to do(宾语，表示没有发生)。

I remember returning your money. 已发生

I remember to return your money. 未发生

I regret marrying you such an unable man. 已发生

I regret to tell you that I can’t, for you are both poor and foolish.

3. need doing (to be done)

My car needs repairing (= to be repaired).

4. 有些短语后边只能跟动名词

be busy doing

be used / accuse torned to(介)习惯于

have trouble / difficulty /in doing

waste / spend time

can’t he help doing 禁不住，忍不住

动词不定式

1. have (get) sb. Do sth.

sth. done

※2.前边是个句子或短语，被动语态 to do

He is said to have been killed last night.

3.think / make it adj. (for sb.) to do

find / consider (形宾)宾补 真宾

I find it easy for us to study English well.

4. let, see, malce, watch, hear sb. Do(宾补)

we often watch children play football. 5. It is + adj. of (for) sb. To do sth.

主语是人，形容词做表语，那么形容词后边都跟of.

Possible, necessary, hard，difficult 这些跟for

English in half a year.

6. I have(had, has) no choice but B .(跟to do)

I can do nothing but A . (跟do)

A. stayhere B. to stay here

7. 状语

动词不定式做目的状

We have to learn to cheat others in order(为了) to(so as to ) not to be cheated. 做结果状

1.too …. To do 太….以至于不…..

You are too young to understand what love means.

2.only to do 表示出人意料的结果

He hurried to the classroom only to see that his girlfriend was being kissed by another boy.

1.伴随状语

He often sits in class dreaming.

We often lie in bed reading novels.

同一个人发出来的动作，要求保持一致。

2.时间状语

I feel nervous, answering your questions.

When I answer.

3.原因状语

Being a party member, you should serve people by heart and soul.

考得较多的是分词的结构：其特点是，句子中有两个主语，两个主语不一致，必须用两个,用逗号隔开；分词的结构中永远不会出现渭语。

You should take your raincoat, it raining hard.

She being ugly, you love her. Money being important, we all love it. 小书P74页3B

out of (= witheet) job fashion control order

4D 6B

P77页 24B

P80页 52B 57A 58B

强调句式

It is(was) +强调部分 that .

It is English that we all like.

It was in 1949 that PRC was founded.

英译汉和汉译英以及作文一定不要空白，这样好加分。

汉译英随便抄一段差不多长的，英译汉

大书P122页第17B

I’ll kill you if I am (is are ) cheated again. 省去了was / wetly you

19C 21D 23C 24B 25D 26C 29A

Neglect = ignore = overlook 忽视 不重视

大书P211页自我测试部分的试卷一词汇和语法

port(港口)

Export 凡是加ex都表示是朝外

Passport (经过港口)护照

Porter 行李员

Trans移动

Trans port = ship (vt. /

Transplant

Transform (本质上)

形式

Catch up with 赶上

Keep up with 与…..保持一致

Keep pace with

Come up with=提出

Self-adjusted camera 傻瓜照相机

Cure (内科)

Heal (外科)

Therapy 保健、心理疗法

※以下这几个词在考试汇时只要出现，就是正确答案

Likely， available, vigorous

Vary, range, enable, entitle

make out find out查明

完形填空

※在文章中出现次数最多的名词，是关键词、核心。

一、 ABCD四个答案中的某一个单词和完形填空文章中的某一个单词，“词形相同”即为正确答案。

二、 完全不同的两个单词，但汉语词意相同。比如文章中用到“认为”这个词，不会从头到尾都用“think”，留意“argue, claim, maintain”等。

三、 虽然词形不同，但来自同一个词根。

四、 特别注意文章中的等立连词，前后要保持一致。

五、固定句式。

 Respect 尊重 respective 各自的 只要这三个单词在答案中同时出现，这个肯定是正确的。

Respectable

Respectful 尊重别人的

 前后搭配：

前边 后边

One …… the other

Some …… others

The former …… the latter

More …… than

六、议论文

1.前三题为下列答案均是错的。

①表示原因：as, since, for, because / conj.

②让步： though, although

2.后三题为表示结论的答案都是正确，因此，不断通过下文验证上文的答案。

阅读理解

一、 文章中心(最全面的那个答案肯定是正确答案)：都会考虑到中西方文化的差别。

二、大概念的答案肯定是正确的。

三、绝对化, 出现any和 all的答案都是错的。

Computer is superior to humans in all the ways.

四、和中国人观点相同的答案都是错的。

五、态度(attitude / tone)

1.adj. A. objective B. indifferent C. positive D. worried

2.积极意义才有可能是正确答案。

六、question 中的非常重要。

1.according to the author

2.Which of the reason is the most important ……

3.The passage indicates(暗示) that

4.Which of the fallowing is not mentioned (谈到) in the passage…..