【英语】 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)及解析

【英语】 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

What do Leonardo da Vincii, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed, along with other famous people including Brad Pitt Prince William, and Barack Obama. In fact, an estimated 13 percent of the world's population may be left-handed and still most people around the world are right-handed.

What makes a person become right-handed rather than left-handed? As yet no one really knows for sure. One simple idea suggests that people normally get right-handedness from their parents. Studies have found that two right-handed parents have only a 9.5 percent chance of having a left-handed child, whereas two left-handed parents have a 26 percent chance of having a left-handed child. Another common theory is that left-handed people suffer mild brain damage during birth, which makes them left-handed. However, if this theory were true, it would not explain why the percentage of left-banded people is so similar in every society, when birth conditions vary so much from society to society.

Whatever the reasons behind it, people's attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. Statistics show that although 13 percent of young people (10-20 years old) are left-handed, only 6 percent of the elderly are

left-handed. Left-handed children used to be punished until they began using their right hand like other children, but today people who are left-handed are no longer looked down on nor are they considered abnormal. For most people today, either case is perfectly acceptable.

（1）What makes one right-handed?

A. The environment. B. Mild brain damage during birth.

C. The reason is uncertain. D. Other people.

（2）Why is the number of young people who are left-handed bigger than that of the elderly?

A. Because the elderly are forced to become right-handed. B. Because left-handed people are considered abnormal.

C. Because left-handedness can be cured. D. Because the young are easily damaged.

（3）What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Left-handed people are looked down upon. B. General facts about left-handed people.

C. Some famous left-handed people. D. The reasons why people are left-handed.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，关于左撇子现象作者进行了介绍和说明。

（1）考查细节理解。第二段中讲了很多右手的使用比左手平常的可能性原因，根据” As yet no one really knows for sure.”可知，虽然对于右手的使用比左手更为普遍这一现象有不同猜测，但是原因不明。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段“Statistics show that although 13 percent of young people (10-20 years old) are left-handed, only 6 percent of the elderly are left-handed. Left-handed children used to be punished until they began using their right hand like other children, but today people who are left-handed are no longer looked down on nor are they considered abnormal.”可知，以前的左撇子孩子都会受到鄙视或者被认为是不正常的，所以，那一代的孩子会被惩罚直到他们改变这样的习惯，但是，现在人们的态度已经转变了。故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。本文以客观、中立的态度描写了关于“左撇子”的一些事实，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Throughout history, artist, inventors, writers and scientists have solved problems in their dreams. Now, let's have a look together at some of them.

⒈Paul McCartney Found Yesterday in a dream

Paul McCartney is one of the most famous singers/songwriters of all time. According to the Guinness Book of Records, his Beatles song Yesterday(1965) has the most cover（翻唱） versions of any song ever written and, according to record label BMI，was performed over seven million times in the 20th century.

The tune for Yesterday came to Paul McCartney in a dream.

“I woke up with a lovely tune in my head. I thought, 'That's great, I wonder what that is?' There was an upright piano next to me, to the right of my bed by the window. I got out of bed, sat at the piano, found G, found F sharp minor---- and that leads you through then to B to E minor, and finally back to E. It all leads forward logically. I liked the melody a lot, but because I'd dreamed it, I couldn't believe I'd written it. I thought, 'No, I've never written anything like this before.' But I had the tune, which was the most magic thing! ”

⒉Mary Shelley's Frankentein Inspired by a Dream

In the summer of 1816, nineteen-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin and her lover, the poet Percy Shelley (whom she married later that year), visited the poet Lord Byron at his villa beside Lake Geneva in Switzerland. Stormy weather frequently forced them indoors, where they and Byron's other guests sometimes read from a volume of ghost stories. One evening, Byron challenged his guests to each write one themselves.

Mary's story, inspired by a dream, became Frankentein（科学怪人）.

“When I placed my head upon my pillow, I did not sleep, nor could I be said to think----My eyes shut ,I saw------with my acute mental vision----the pale student of unholy arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the ugly figure of a man stretch out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and tremble with an uneasy motion, extremely frightful. The next morning I announced that I had thought of a story. I began that day with the words, 'It was on a dull night of November', making only a transcript(文字稿) of the cruel terror of my waking dream.”

（1）We can learn from the whole passage that_________.

A. Some great stories, poems and songs were created while their writers slept B. Paul McCartney likes writing songs in dreams

C. Frankentein was written by Byron's guests D. Byron was an ugly frightful Frankentein

（2）The underlined word“melody”has the similar meaning of _______.

A. dream B. song C. tune D. instrument

（3）Which is the best title of the whole passage?

A. The Greatest writers B. The most famous song and story

C. Great dreams that come true D. How to dream

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，纵观历史，很多艺术家、发明家、作家和科学家都曾经在梦中解决问题。本文举例讲述了两个梦境成真的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Throughout history, artist, inventors, writers and scientists have solved problems in their dreams. Now, let's have a look

together at some of them.”可知，很多艺术家、发明家、作家和科学家都曾经在梦中解决问题。因此可知，一些伟大的故事，诗歌和歌曲是在作家睡觉的时候创作的。故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据 ⒈Paul McCartney Found Yesterday in a dream部分中的“I woke up with a lovely tune in my head.”可知，“我”醒来脑海中还有那可爱的旋律，结合下文的叙述，我身边正好有钢琴，我下了床，坐在钢琴边，谱出了曲子合乎逻辑，因此可知，此处表示我非常喜欢这个曲调。melody指的是曲调。故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据开篇所说，结合下面的举例可推知，文章主要是在讲梦想照进现实，梦在现实中成真了。因此推断C项“好梦成真”为最佳标题。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.

Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these

materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health.

Hoping to fill in some of these gaps, a research team led by Kieran Cox, a PhD candidate at the University of Victoria, looked at 26 papers assessing the amount of microplastics in commonly consumed food items, among which are seafood, sugars, salts, honey, alcohol and water. The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation (吸入)using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles. When microplastics taken in through inhalation are taken into account, the range jumps to between 74,000 and 121,000 particles per year.

The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water. \"This shows that small decisions, over the course of a year, really matter and have an impact.\" Cox says. The new study, according to its authors, was the first to investigate \"the accumulative human exposure\" to microplastics. But in all likelihood, the research tells only a small part of the entire story. Collectively, the food and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent of Americans' caloric intake. The team could not account for food groups like fruits, vegetables and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplastic content.

For those worried about microplastic consumption, cutting down bottled water is a good place to start. But to the heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.

（1）What makes it difficult to know microplastics commonly exist in the human body?

A.The quality.

B.The quantity.

C.The shape.

D.The size.

（2）How did Kieran Cox's team calculate the potential consumption of microplastics?

A.By studying papers.

B.By comparing the impacts.

C.By analyzing the data.

D.By conducting experiments.

（3）Which of the following is true according to the text?

A.Drinking less plastic bottled water helps to take in fewer microplastics.

B.The study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.

C.Cox's team gained comprehensive information of microplastics taken in by humans.

D.People consume 74,000 to 121,000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.The Potential Problems of Microplastics

B.Microplastics Coming From Various Sources

C.Microplastics Found Within Human Bodies

D.The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health

【答案】 （1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body”微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间，有多种来源，包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体的普遍存在还有很多未知之处，可知，微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles.”基兰·考克斯的研究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率，评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量，根据这些数据，研究人员计算出，我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等，由此可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water.”这项研究的作者发现，那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000个微塑料颗粒，而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.”微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个，可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.

Located on the shore of Sullivan's Island off the coast of South Carolina, the

award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane（飓风）Hugo 10 years ago. Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina's shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building rules wasn't strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. Soon after Hugo, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced rules. The new beach house on Sullivan's Island should be able to withstand a Level 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.

At first sight, the house on Sullivan's Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern (灯笼)” at night, according to one observer. But looks can be misleading. The house's wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.

To further protect the house from hurricane damage. Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings－long, slim wood pieces anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also raise the house above storm waves. The pilings allow the waves to run under the house instead of running into it. 'These waves come ashore at terrible speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.

Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially hidden by the house's ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn't look like it's standing with its pant legs (裤腿) pulled up,” said Huff. In the event of a

storm, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.

（1）After the Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina's shore line are required .

A. to be easily reinforced B. to meet stricter building standards

C. to look smarter in design D. to be designed in the shape of cubes

（2）Why is the award-winning beach house strong and hurricane-proof?

A. It is in the shape of a shell. B. It is made of redwood.

C. It is strengthened by steel rods. D. It is built with timber and concrete.

（3）What's the purpose of Huff raising the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings?

A. To anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand. B. To prevent water from rushing into the house.

C. To withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr. D. To make the house

look more hurricane-proof.

（4）According the last paragraph, the main function of the shell is .

A. to give the house a better appearance B. to strengthen the pilings of the house

C. to protect the wooden frame of the house D. to slow down the speed of the big waves

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，位于南卡罗来纳州海岸的沙利文岛海滨一座玲珑的小屋以其独特的设计获得大奖。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Soon after Hugo, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced rules.”可知在飓风造成严重的人员伤亡和巨大的损失后，新建房屋应该符合严格的建筑规定。故选B。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三和第四段的内容可知，沙文岛上的建筑获奖了。而沙利

文岛上的房子乍一看不像是抗飓风的。但外表可能会误导人。房子的木制框架用长的钢棒加固，以赋予它额外的强度。为了进一步保护房屋免受飓风破坏。在地面上树起2.7米高的木头桩，深深地扎在沙子里。它们足够坚固，足以支撑房屋的重量。飓风来临时波浪在房子下面运行，却不会冲进房子。由知可见，沙文岛上的房子抗飓风就是由于钢棒的支撑。故选C。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The structure allows the waves to run under the house instead of running into it．”可判断出，之所以这么做的目的是防止大水冲入房屋中，故选B。

(4)考查细节理解。第四段内容可知房屋是建在木桩上的。最后一段内容为：Huff设计的木桩被房子从地面到屋顶的贝壳所隐藏，贝壳遮盖了木桩，这样房子看起来就比原来房屋的外观好看多了，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

This is my origin story: when I was a teenager I wrote terrible poetry. Like really bad. Worse than yours, I bet. A lot of it about how every little thing reminds me that we're all going to die one day. I wrote collections and collections of these poems, thinking one day I would have my moment. I named one collection, ironically, The Eternal Optimist.

In 1996, I found an advert for the International Poetry Competition. I was 16 years old and ready for my poetry to be released on the world. Not only was it a competition with a cash prize, but it was poetry, which I wrote, and international. This was my ticket to becoming world-famous. I submitted a poem called Trail of Thought. If you ever wrote bad poetry as a teenager, you'll have written

something like it. In the poem, I went for a walk and noticed small poignant(辛酸的) things in nature, and each one reminded me that we were all going to die one day.

I filled out the form, printed off the poem and sent it off, fingers crossed. I waited to hear back I carried on writing, I probably finished another collection. Then I got a letter from the International Society of Poets. I opened the envelope carefully, just in case a prize-winning cheque fell out I hadn't won. But, they liked my poem enough to include it in their anthology(诗选), Awaken to a Dream. I closed my eyes, I wanted to scream with happiness. I was going to be a published poet.

All I had to do in order to be published was accept the terms and pay £ 45（plus £ 5 p & p）for an anthology. If I didn't buy a copy of the anthology, my poem wouldn't be included. I had to convince my mum, who thought my writing a meaningless pastime, to part with £ 50. She even asked the question: “Why do you have to pay to be in this book?” Nevertheless, she wrote a cheque for £ 50 and I returned it with my letter of agreement.

I was 16 and about to be a published poet. This was what it had all been

about. This is what it had all been leading to. The months waiting for the anthology were a torture. I hit some sort of writer's block, I couldn't write anything. It was almost as if, now I was published, it mattered more what I committed to page and I didn't want to write anything down unless it was good enough to go into an anthology like Awaken to a Dream.

The book arrived through the post. Here it was. The first thing I had ever been published in a book called Awaken to a Dream, featuring a blistering take on the mundanity(世俗) of mortality by yours truly. I opened the package to find a book, containing my work. The first thing that struck me about the book was that it was bigger than A4. And it was thick. And on each page was a poem, next to another poem, next to another. The type was small and the paper thin enough to trace with. With three or four poems per page and more than 700 pages, I had a sinking realization. This was a scam, an illegal trick for making money.

If each poem had cost the author £ 45, they were sitting on a fortune. I felt ashamed. Everyone who had submitted something to the International Poetry Competition had fallen for the same hustle（忙碌）as me. I couldn't bring myself to show my mum. And she never asked to see it. Perhaps she thought if the price of me learning a lesson was £50 we didn't really have, then so be it.

But that stayed with me, that moment of realization. Because I determined to keep writing and ensure that my precious words always found a home worthy of them. Or at least that's how, more than 20 years later, I justify falling for a scam. Because your first time being published should be special, and if I don't convince

myself that there was a reason for my first poem being in a vanity(无价值) book, then what good was it in the first place? And, strangely, someone is selling this book on Amazon at the moment. I wonder how many other writers who went on to do more stuff are in there.

（1）What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean?

A. The author was sure he was going to die like everyone else. B. The author was optimistic about the publication of his poetry.

C. The author was worried the tragedies in the poetry would happen to him. D. The author was considering writing positive poems instead of terrible ones.

（2）When the author received the letter from the organizing committee, he felt ________.

A. upset B. calm C. excited D. surprised

（3）While waiting for the anthology, the author ________.

A. reflected on what he had written about B. set a higher criterion for his future works

C. felt too miserable to write anything more D. wondered what future

was in store for him

（4）The author realized the anthology was a trick from the fact that ________.

A. the poems were of poor quality B. the organizers just made a quick profit

C. he was charged higher than others D. the content was carelessly edited

（5）The passage is mainly about ________.

A. why the author fell for the trick of a poetry competition B. what it took for a poetry enthusiast to be a published writer

C. how a terrible teenage poem taught the author a lifelong lesson D. whether poetry enthusiasts could guard against tricks targeted at them

（6）How did the author feel about the scam at the end of the story?

A. He laughs best who laughs last. B. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.

C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. D. Follow your own course, and let people talk.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

（5）C

（6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者第一次发表诗歌上当受骗的经历，以及带给作者的经验教训。

(1)考查句义猜测。根据第一段中的“I named one collection, ironically, The Eternal Optimist.”可知，作者将自己写的一本诗集命名为“The Eternal Optimist”，可以推知，作者写了很多诗集，他对自己的诗集有一天可以被发表持有乐观态度。故选B。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“I closed my eyes, I wanted to scream with happiness.”可知，当作者收到组织委员会的信的时候，他高兴地想尖叫，由此可以推知，他非常兴奋，故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“The months waiting for the anthology were a torture. I hit some sort of writer's block, I couldn't write anything… I didn't want

to write anything down unless it was good enough to go into an anthology like Awaken to a Dream.”可知，等待诗选的日子对作者来说是一种折磨。作者遇到了障碍：他什么也写不出来，除非它足够好足以达到进入像诗选“Awaken to a Dream”这样的水平。由此可以推知，作者对自己的作品提出了更高的标准。故选B。

(4)考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“With three or four poems per page and more than 700 pages, I had a sinking realization. This was a scam, an illegal trick for making money”可知，当作者看到这本诗选有700多页，每页上有三四首诗的时候，他意识到这是一个骗局，一个赚钱的非法的骗局。故选B。

(5)考查主旨大意。本文讲述了作者第一次发表诗歌上当受骗的经历，以及这次经历带给作者的经验教训。故选C。

(6)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But that stayed with me, that moment of realization. Because I determined to keep writing and ensure that my precious words always found a home worthy of them.”可知，作者意识到受骗之后，他决定要一直写下去，并且要确保自己宝贵的诗句会找到值得它们存在的地方。由此可知，这次骗局激起了作者更加努力的决心。故选A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.“吃一堑，长一智”。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Truman headed home from school, with the homework in mind, a report on beehives (蜂巢). Truman's class had studied bees for three days, so he was ready. But, as his teacher Mrs. Lawrence had explained, to earn an A +，he needed a “new angle”.

Truman pushed open the front door to find his four-year-old brother, Bryan, sitting on the living room rag, hard at work. Paper towel tubes were all over the floor.

Bryan quickly stood up. “Truman, help me build a city!”

“I'd like to,” Truman replied, “but I have to do a report on beehives and ...”

“Can I help you?” Bryan begged.

“I don't think so, Bry. Sorry.''

“I know where there's a beehive.” Bryan smiled.

“Where?”

“In the wood pile by the garage.''

The boys marched to the firewood. Bending down, Bryan pointed out the hive deep inside the pile. Truman carefully removed the hive out.

“You got it!” Bryan shouted.

Back in the living room, Truman paced around, turning the fragile hive under his nose. Each cell was a perfect hexagon(六边形). How did the bees fit the cells together so neatly? And how did they make each cell six-sided? Could they count? Lost in thought, his foot came down on something ...

“Truman! You're mining my city!”

“Get your stupid tubes out of here，Bryan! I'm trying to…”

The towel tubes on the floor suddenly reminded him of something. The beehive!

Looking closer, he noticed the tubes were arranged with one in the middle, surrounded by six others, just like the cells of the hive.

Just to be sure, he tried five and then seven tubes surrounding the center tubes, but neither way fit. Six was the only number that worked.

“Bees don't count to six,” he said aloud. “The cells have to be six-sided.

Truman ran to Bryan and threw his arms around his brother. Bryan, you did it! Now I can build a model beehive with your tubes! I mean — if it's O. K. with you.”

（1）Where did Truman find the beehive?

A. In Bryan's city. B. Inside the garage. C. In the living

room. D. Inside the wood pile.

（2）What do we know about the beehive?

A. It was hidden by Bryan. B. It was easy to break.

C. It was ruined by Truman. D. It was a perfect hexagon.

（3）How did Truman probably finish his homework in the end?

A. With his teacher's aid. B. By building a city.

C. With Bryan's help. D. By killing the bees.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，杜鲁门回家时正在为如何取得蜂巢作业而烦恼，正在地上用纸管建城市的弟弟布莱恩，无意中给哥哥杜鲁门提供了蜂巢的线索，杜鲁门找到蜂巢后，通过观察得到了做蜂巢作业的灵感。

(1)考查细节理解。根据弟弟Bryan的话“In the wood pile by the garage.'' 以及下文的“Bending down, Bryan pointed out the hive deep inside the pile. Truman carefully removed the hive out.”可知，蜂巢是在木头堆里找到的。故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第八段中的“Back in the living room, Truman paced around, turning the fragile hive under his nose.”可知，这个蜂巢易碎。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Truman ran to Bryan and threw his arms around his brother. Bryan, you did it! Now I can build a model beehive with your tubes! I mean — if it's O. K. with you.”可知，杜鲁门在弟弟布莱恩的帮助下完成蜂巢作业。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇记叙文阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.

Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you're more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist

than a fireman.

Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make thee viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.

Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.

Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

（1）What is the purpose of persuasion?

A. To advise somebody to support you. B. To help someone have special skills.

C. To convince somebody to realize his aim. D. To talk someone into

being honest.

（2）What is a speaker's way of convincing the audience to trust him?

A. Pathos. B. Ethos. C. Logos. D. Education.

（3）What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?

A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt. B. Both save people from terrible wars.

C. Both make the audience support them. D. Both persuade people to donate money.

（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Convince the Audience B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion

C. Believe Me D. Strength of Persuasion

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说服是一种说服某人同意你的艺术，有三种基本的说服方法：精神气质，悲情和理性。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知说服的目的是劝告一些人赞成你，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field.”可知说话者可以通过介绍自己的经验以及自己在这个领域所受的教育，也就是Ethos，来让听众相信他，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions.”可知一位政治家和一个动物慈善团体的共同之处就是让听众支持他们，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据主题句“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.”可知这篇文章主要介绍了劝说的三个基本方法，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Celeste Ng,a new writer,has gained recognition for her first novel,Everything I Never Told You.

Ng's parents came from Hong Kong,China in the 1960s.Ng was born in America and grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,and Shaker Heights,Ohio,in a family of scientists.Celeste went to Harvard University and earned an MFA from the University of Michigan,where she won the Hopwood Award.

Although her novel is not about race,the characters are Asian.The main character is Lydia,a teenage girl,who is the favorite of three children born to a white mother and a Chinese-American father.The story is about Lydia's disappearance,and the emotions the family goes through as the mystery unfolds.The whole family deals with sorrow, regret,and exposed secrets as they search for their lost daughter.

Though the characters in this story are Asian,Ng says she didn't really want to include Asian characters.She was afraid people would think the story was about real people in her life.Because she grew up in America and doesn't speak Chinese,she was actually surprised that she included.Asian characters in the book.

The book has taken off,especially on Amazon,where it won the Editor's Pick for No.1 Best Book of the Year in 2014.Ng is still getting used to the attention,saying she is still amazed when people tell her they have read her book. With so many readers,it's safe to say this is a book you should read.But if you're looking for a simple mystery,this book might not be for you.Most readers warn that you should not read this book unless you're prepared to cry.

（1）The novel Everything I Never Told You______.

A. focuses on a family with a missing child B. discusses the ways to get rid of regret

C. exposes the secret of the American world D. talks about the life of teenagers in America

（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to Celeste Ng?

A. She wanted to help the Asian people. B. She was surprised she wrote about Asian characters.

C. She was born in Hong Kong and grew up in America. D. She wanted people to know the characters were real people in her life.

（3）How do most readers probably find the book?

A. It's about race. B. It's a sad story.

C. It's a simple mystery. D. It has a surprising ending.

（4）What is the text mainly about?

A. Celeste Ng and her family. B. The awards Celeste Ng won.

C. Celeste Ng's learning experience. D. Celeste Ng and her best-known novel.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个著名的女作家Celeste Ng 以及她的畅销书---Everything I Never Told You的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The story is about Lydia's disappearance, and the emotions the family goes through as the mystery unfolds.”可知，Everything I Never Told You这部小说是关于一个有失踪女孩的家庭。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“she was actually surprised that she

included.Asian characters in the book.”可知，她自己不会说中文，对自己写的书中的人物都是亚洲人物感到很吃惊。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Most readers warn that you should not read this book unless you're prepared to cry.”可知，人们都认为这是一本悲剧小说，看了会哭。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据文中介绍Celeste Ng写了一部小说，小说的内容以及人们对小说的感受。可知D项“Celeste Ng和她的小说”最能概括短文内容。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

With fuel costs rising and airlines finding more fees to impose on travelers every day, airfare isn't getting any cheaper. Since you can't drive to all your dream destinations, flying is the only way to go sometimes and, undeniably, the fastest. Luckily, there are plenty of ways to find the most affordable fares and also avoid paying as many extra charges as possible when you plan ahead.

Getting the best fare. Airlines put out their fare sales on Tuesday morning, making this day the best day to book a flight for less.

Fly during the least popular times. Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday are the slowest days to fly, which means cheaper deals than the rest of the week. You can also find reduced rates on early morning flights, since many people don't like to get up before the sun to get to the airport. Earlier boarding times can also considerably cut down your chances of getting bumped on an overbooked flight or delayed because of other delayed flights or mechanical issues.

Choose your seat later. Some airlines charge you to pick your seat when you book online, adding even more to the bottom line of your ticket cost. If you show up early on your travel day, you can still get suitable seats. Some of the best seats get held back until flight day, unless others are willing to pay extra for them ahead of time, so you still have the chance at one of those.

Fly on holidays. You already know that summer is the most expensive time to fly, and even though most other times are more affordable, the days surrounding holidays can be crazy. Save big if you're willing to travel on major holidays, such as Thanksgiving and Christmas.

Don't wait until the last-minute to book. Many travelers don't know that there's a sweet spot for booking and getting the best price on your tickets. Book too early or too late and you could end up paying more than you need to. The best time to book is between three months and six weeks from when you want to travel.

Avoiding extra fees Airlines will charge for just about anything these days.

Some have even toyed around with charging customers for using the restroom. All those extra fees can certainly add up, but there's no reason to pay them if you don't have to. Here are some tips to keep money in your wallet once you get to the airport.

Avoid the upgrade it's not necessary. Sometimes upgrades are free, but mostly you will be charged for seeking a last-minute bump to first class, and the cost can be hefty. Fly carry-on only. Baggage fees vary wildly, but almost all airlines charge them and charge big. Why pay for your clothes to fly with you? If everyone in your travel party checks a bag, your bill can be astronomical before you ever even get to your destination. It's easy to reduce the amount of stuff you pack: Make sure all your clothing coordinates, so you can take less and still make more outfit combinations, take only two pair of shoes, plan to do a bit of laundry on your trip and bring only travel-sized toiletries.

Pack your own snacks. Unless you're flying internationally, it's rare your flight comes with a free meal. Snacks on the plane are not cheap and almost never healthy. Don't rely on what's on the small menu and instead tuck some of your own snacks — granola bars, homemade muffins, fruit and trail mix all make fantastic travel foods — into your bag and eat a lot better, and cheaper, than other passengers.

Do you have a tried and true method of getting the best deal on your flights?

Let us know.

（1）Tuesday is the best to book a ticket at a lower cost for ________.

A. fewer people travel on Tuesday. B. the flights are slower than usual.

C. fare sales are usually announced on Tuesday. D. flights are seldom delayed on Tuesday.

（2）Which of the following will help to cost you less for a flight?

A. Book your flight on Thursday. B. Travel surrounding Christmas.

C. Pick your seat the moment you book online. D. Book early morning flights.

（3）The underlined word “hefty” here has the same meaning as ________.

A. large B. heavy C. fierce D. acceptable

（4）To save the cost for the flight, you should ________.

A. check whether the upgrade is free before you bump to the first class

B. make sure your clothes and shoes are fit for a lot of walk

C. share your own snacks with other passengers

D. plan to do the washes on flight

【答案】 （1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文讲述了买到便宜的飞机票的几个窍门。

( 1 )细节理解题。根据第二段Getting the best fare. Airlines put out their fare sales on Tuesday morning, making this day the best day to book a flight for less.可知，票价通常在星期二公布，所以这一天是以低价订票的好时机。故选C。

( 2 )细节理解题。根据第三段第三句You can also find reduced rates on early morning flights, since many people don't like to get up before the sun to get to the airport.可知，预订早班航班将有助于你节省花费，因为早班机坐的人少，票价较便宜。故选D。

( 3 )词义猜测题。根据倒数第四段中Sometimes upgrades are free, but mostly

you will be charged for seeking a last-minute bump to first class, and the cost can be hefty.可知，升级座位只是有时候免费，但是大多数情况下，你会在最后一分钟寻找头等舱时被收费，而且成本是昂贵的，故选A。

( 4 )推理判断题。根据倒数第四段Sometimes upgrades are free, but mostly you will be charged for seeking a last-minute bump to first class, and the cost can be hefty.可知，升级座位只是有时候免费，所以在升级成头等舱时要先确认。

10．阅读理解

On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.

Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains , is important for critical (有判断力的)thinking , problem-solving and decision-making.

So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in naure, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15,000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for

several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.

Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.

At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long-term contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.

（1）What is David Strayer's opinion?

A. Americans dislike outdoor activities.

B. Electronic equipment should be quitted.

C. New technologies are a double-edged sword.

D. Electronic equipment brings great convenience.

（2）Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?

A. To try another lifestyle. B. To refresh our brain.

C. To make better decisions. D. To play with our family and friends.

（3）What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?

A. Reborn B. Memorable C. Remarkable D. Tiring

（4）Which is the proper title for the passage?

A. Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain. B. Good Rest Develops Good Memory.

C. Tips on Using New Technologies. D. Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain可知，电子产品和网络信息给我们带了方便，也给我们大脑产生了巨大的压力，故可知，科技是一把双刃剑，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature , Strayer claims , helps get a tired brain away from too much technology.可知，亲近大自然，可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离科技产品，让大脑获得休息，故选B。

（3）词义猜测题。根据前文Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do.可知，喜欢露营，呆在户外让他感到轻松，能够为必须做的工作做好准备，故可知这个过程是一个再生的过程，让大脑休息的过程，故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。本文主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，

是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。