2022届辽宁省普通高中高三模拟试卷英语试题

一、阅读理解

The Surprising Benefits of Taking a Cold Shower

You’ll procrastinate (拖延) less.

Putting things off is a habit everyone would love to lose. No one wants to take a cold shower, but the more routinely you bite the bullet and get it over with, the more you’re training your body not to get hung up on those moments of hesitation. As time goes on, this habit will extend to other areas of life.

You’ll be more resistant to stress and depression.

Brief changes in body temperature like a cold shower have been theorized to help brain function and activate beta-endorphin (B-内啡肽) and noradrenaline (去甲肾上腺素) in the brain. Beta-endorphins are “feel-good” molecules that give a sense of well-being. Noradrenaline is an adrenal hormone (肾上腺激素) that helps depressed people feel more “up” naturally. Cold water bathing, meanwhile, also reduces the cortisol hormone (皮质醇激素), which usually kicks into action when stress and anxiety take over.

You’ll get sick far less.

Cold showers lead to higher numbers of white blood cells circulating throughout your body, which is never a bad thing. Those helpful little cells work hard to protect you from disease and illness.

Your skin and hair will glow.

Cold water tightens your skin that gives a natural glow to the skin. When it comes to your hair, cold showers close and fortify your hair cuticles while adding more strength to them. Moreover, cold water also doesn't harm the natural barrier of your skin and hair. 1．Which of the following can make you less anxious? A．Noradrenaline. C．White blood cells.

B．Alpha-endorphin. D．The cortisol hormone.

2．How are your skin and hair after cold showers? A．Tight.

B．Strong.

C．Natural.

D．Shiny.

3．Where is the text most likely from? A．A diary.

【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B

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B．A magazine. C．A novel. D．A guidebook.

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章从4个方面介绍了冷水浴给人带来的意想不到的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据You’ll be more resistant to stress and depression.部分的“Cold water bathing, meanwhile, also reduces the cortisol hormone (皮质醇激素), which usually kicks into action when stress and anxiety take over.（与此同时，冷水浴也会降低皮质醇激素，当压力和焦虑占据主导地位时，皮质醇激素通常会发挥作用）”可知，皮质醇激素会降低人们的焦虑感。故选D。

2．细节理解题。根据Your skin and hair will glow.部分的“Cold water tightens your skin that gives a natural glow to the skin. When it comes to your hair, cold showers close and fortify your hair cuticles while adding more strength to them. （冷水可以紧致肌肤，让肌肤焕发自然光彩。当谈到你的头发时，冷水浴会关闭并强化你的头发角质层，同时增加它们的力量）”可知，洗完冷水浴后我们的头发和皮肤会焕发光彩。故选D。

3．推理判断题。文章从4个方面介绍了冷水浴的惊人好处，是与日常生活相关的话题。由此推知，本文很有可能来自一本杂志。故选B。

“Leaves on the line” is a troublesome term for rail operators.

When leaves fall on to a railway line, they form an extremely low-friction black paste. When compressed by a slowly moving train, the paste becomes sticky and prevents the wheel from touching the rail, leading to lengthy delays and extreme safety concerns.

Discovering why leaves pose such a problem has taken years of research.

Sycamore (梧桐树) leaves are known to create this slippery black substance. It reduces friction between wheel and rail to around 0.01 per cent — the same as between ice and a skate.

To find out what chemical in the leaves was responsible for the paste, the researchers used a process of elimination (排除过程). Different chemicals were removed but the paste still formed. However, when tannins (单宁酸) were removed, the paste did not form.

In plants, these large molecules are used to soak up disease and stop it spreading, as well as making the plants taste bitter in order to discourage animals from eating them. But when the leaves fall on to a railway line, these tannins react with charged iron particles from the steel rails to form an extremely low-friction black paste.

“With this chemical reaction found and linked to low friction phenomena, interventions (干预措施) can be designed,” researchers conclude. They say this discovery could help design policies to cut down problem trees. For example, instead of removing all trees near

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railway lines, it may be better to just cut down the species that contain tannins.

However, another solution may lie in stopping the tannins from the leaves interacting with the ions (离子) in the steel at all. “Interventions can be designed to target the specific reactions or chemicals,” the researchers say. At present they are still working on it. 4．What’s the problem with leaves on the line? A．They do harm to the environment. B．It' s hard for rail operators to clean up them. C．When pressed their chemical slows down the train. D．They increase the friction between the train and railway.

5．What does the underlined phrase “soak up” probably mean in Paragraph 6? A．cause.

B．absorb.

C．reduce.

D．increase.

6．What’s the proper solution according to researchers? A．Remove tannins from leaves. B．Get rid of all trees near railway lines.

C．Change the position of railway lines to avoid leaves. D．Prevent the chemical reactions between tannins and ions. 7．What can you infer from this text?

A．The troublesome leaves will cause danger to passengers. B．The discovery of the chemical reaction helps design policies. C．Tannins are responsible for the paste formed by compression. D．Currently, researchers succeed in stopping the chemical reaction.

【答案】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“问题树叶”引起导致火车减速的黑色浆糊是如何形成的，以及可行的解决方法。

4．细节理解题。根据第二段的“When compressed by a slowly moving train, the paste becomes sticky and prevents the wheel from touching the rail, leading to lengthy delays and extreme safety concerns. （当被缓慢移动的火车压缩时，这种糊状物会变得粘稠，防止车轮接触铁轨，从而导致长时间的延误和极端的安全问题）”可知，铁路线上树叶造成的问题是它们形成的糊状物减慢了车速。故选C。

5．词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“stop it spreading, as well as making the plants taste

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bitter in order to discourage animals from eating them. （阻止疾病传播，同时使植物尝起来苦涩，以阻止动物食用它们）”可知，下文陈述的内容都是这种大分子对树叶的好处。由此推测，这些大分子被用来吸收疾病，即soak up意为“吸收”，与absorb同义。故选B。

6．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“However, another solution may lie in stopping the tannins from the leaves interacting with the ions (离子) in the steel at all. “Interventions can be designed to target the specific reactions or chemicals,” the researchers say.（然而，另一个解决方案可能在于阻止叶片中的单宁与钢铁里的离子相互作用。‘干预措施可以针对特定的反应或化学物质进行设计，’研究人员说）”可知，根据研究人员的说法合适的解决方法是阻止单宁酸和铁轨上的钢铁发生化学反应。故选D。

7．推理判断题。根据第五段的“However, when tannins(单宁酸)were removed, the paste did not form.（然而，当单宁酸被去除后，糊状物质并没有形成）”可推知，单宁酸是压缩形成糊状物的原因。故选C。

The world’s first 3D-printed steel footbridge, measuring 12 meters in length, has been installed in Amsterdam. The bridge, created by a Dutch company called MX3D, has been installed over the Oudezijds Achterburgwal canal.

More than four years in the making, the S-shaped bridge will act as a “living laboratory” in the Dutch capital as it handles pedestrian traffic.

Researchers at Imperial College London are assessing the “performance” of the bridge, which is packed with sensors, as it’s being walked on.

Data collected from the sensors will enable experts to monitor how it changes over its lifespan, such as if the steel yields (变形;弯曲) due to football, and measure how the public interacts with the bridge, such as how many people are using it.

“A 3D-printed metal structure large and strong enough to handle pedestrian traffic has never been constructed before,” said Leroy Gardner of the Department of Civil and

Environmental Engineering. “We have tested and stimulated the structure and its components throughout the printing process and upon its completion, and it’s fantastic to see it finally open to the public.”

Sensor data will also be put into a “digital twin” of the bridge—a computerized version that imitates the real-life physical version. Performance of the physical bridge will be tested against the twin, which will help answer questions about the adequacy (妥善性) of 3D- printed steel and inform future construction projects.

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According to MX3D, the bridge is more than just a functional object for the public, but an art, installation and a celebration of technology.

“3D printing presents tremendous opportunities to the construction industry, enabling far greater freedom in terms of material properties and shapes,” said Gardener. “This freedom also brings a range of challenges and will require structural engineers to think in new ways.” 8．What makes the bridge special? A．The S-shape. C．The 3D-printing.

9．What can you learn from this text? A．Sensors can detect problems. C．Cars must run slowly on the bridge. footbridge.

10．Which of the following cannot describes the bridge? A．Practical.

B．Complex.

C．Artistic.

D．Technical.

B．The bridge is 12 meters wide. D．The bridge is the world’s first steel B．The metal structure. D．The living laboratory.

11．What is the main idea of this text? A．To recommend 3D printing. C．To praise technology innovation.

【答案】8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了世界上第一座3D打印钢制人行天桥。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The world’s first 3D-printed steel footbridge, measuring 12 meters in length, has been installed in Amsterdam. （世界上第一座3D打印钢制人行天桥已在阿姆斯特丹建成，全长12米）”和第五段的“A 3D-printed metal structure large and strong enough to handle pedestrian traffic has never been constructed before（以前从未建造过足够大和坚固的3D打印金属结构来处理行人交通）”可知，3D打印是这座桥的特殊之处。故选C。

9．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Data collected from the sensors will enable experts to monitor how it changes over its lifespan,（从传感器收集到的数据将使专家能够监测桥梁在使用寿命期间的变化）”可知，传感器可以监测桥的问题。故选A。

10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to MX3D, the bridge is more than just a functional object for the public, but an art, installation and a celebration of technology.（根据

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B．To analyze sensor data. D．To introduce a footbridge.

MX3D，这座桥不仅仅是一个功能性的物体，而是一种艺术、装置和技术的庆祝）”可知，这座3D打印钢铁人行天桥是实用的、艺术的和高科技的。由此可知，complex“复杂的”不能描述该桥。故选B。

11．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“The world’s first 3D-printed steel footbridge, measuring 12 meters in length, has been installed in Amsterdam. （世界上第一座3D打印钢制人行天桥已在阿姆斯特丹建成，全长12米）”可知，本文主要介绍了世界上第一座3D打印钢制人行天桥。故选D。

Mr. Jafri is a 44-year-old artist from England. Last year, the coronavirus spread and many countries went into lockdown (封锁、在家隔离). Rather than feeling stuck, Jafri decided to take on a huge project that could “make a really big difference”.

He decided to create the world’ s largest painting. He asked children to send him pictures showing how they were feeling during the pandemic (大流行病). He got artwork from kids in 140 different countries.

The painting is huge — over 1600 square meters. It took Jafri seven months to create the painting. He worked long hours — often up to 20 hours a day. He hurt his back by bending over so much while he painted. It took over 1000 paintbrushes and 6300 liters of paint to create the painting.

Jafri hoped that his painting, called “The Journey of Humanity”, would help bring the world together during a difficult time. He included the children’s drawings in the artwork.

When he finished last September, he had set a Guinness World Record for the world’s largest painting.

The painting was split up into 70 large pieces. Jafri hoped that by selling the pieces, he could raise 30 million dollars.

But when the auction ended on March 22, Jafri did much better than that. And he didn’t have to split up the pieces. The whole artwork was sold for 62 million dollars.

Andre Abdoune, a French businessman, bought all 70 pieces. “The painting was very powerful when I saw it,” Mr. Abdoune said. “And for me, it would have been a mistake to separate the pieces.”

12．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. C．To attract readers’ interest.

B．To persuade the readers.

D．To provide background information.

13．Why did Jafri decide to create this painting?

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A．To raise money for children. B．To set a Guinness World Record. C．To kill time under a tight lockdown.

D．To get everybody together during the pandemic. 14．Which of the following best describes Andre Abdoune? A．Mean.

B．Kind.

C．Generous.

D．Selfish.

15．What’s the best title of this text? A．The Painting of Mr. Jafri. C．The Journey of Humanity.

【答案】12．D 13．D 14．C 15．C

【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述英国画家Jafri在疫情期间创作出了一副巨画，并创了世界吉尼斯纪录。

12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Mr. Jafri is a 44-year-old artist from England. Last year, the coronavirus spread and many countries went into lockdown(封锁;在家隔离). Rather than feeling stuck, Jafri decided to take on a huge project that could “make a really big

difference”.(Jafri 先生是个44岁的英国艺术家。去年，冠状病毒传播开来，许多国家进入了封锁状态。与其被困住，Jafri决定做一个巨大的可以“真正的带来巨大的影响”的项目。)”可知，第一段是在为接下来介绍他做的巨大项目提供背景信息。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“Jafri hoped that his painting, called “The Journey of Humanity”, would help bring the world together during a difficult time.(Jafri希望，他的这幅被叫做“The Journey of Humanity”的画可以帮助世界上的人们在艰难的时期聚集在一起。)”可知，Jafri决定做这个创作工程师为了让世界上的人在疫情期间团结一致，共渡难关。故选D。

14．推理判断题。根据最后一段Andre Abdoune, a French businessman, bought all 70 pieces. “The painting was very powerful when I saw it,” Mr. Abdoune said. “And for me, it would have been a mistake to separate the pieces.( 法国商人Andre Abdoune买下了全部70件作品。“当我看到这幅画时，它的力量非常强大，” Abdoune说。“对我来说，把这些作品分开是一个错误。”)”可知，Andre Abdoune买下了70件作品，从而推知，他是一个慷慨大方的人。故选C。

15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“He decided to create the world’ s largest painting.(他决定创

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B．A Great Artist.

D．A Guinness World Record.

作一副世界上最大的画。)”和第四段“Jafri hoped that his painting, called “The Journey of Humanity”, would help bring the world together during a difficult time.(Jafri希望，他的这幅被叫做“The Journey of Humanity”的画可以帮助世界上的人们在艰难的时期聚集在一起。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述Jafri创作的世界上最大的画，画的名字叫“The Journey of Humanity”，所以可以以这幅画的名字作为文章标题，C项符合文意。故选C。

二、七选五

5-Step Process to Improve Your Critical Thinking

Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us. It’ s impossible to make a perfect choice. Critical thinking is one particularly effective technique to improve our chances. ___16___ But here’s one five-step process that may help you.

Formulate your question.

In other words, know what you’re looking for. For example, if you’re deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze, you approach the situation with a clear view of what you' re actually trying to accomplish by dieting.

___17___

There’s lots of it out there, so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what’s relevant. Information gathering helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.

Apply the information.

___18___ “What concepts are at work?” “What assumptions exist?” “Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?”

Consider the implications.

Imagine it’s election time, and you’ve selected a political candidate based on their promise to make it cheaper for drivers to fill up on gas. At first glance, that seems great. ___19___ If gasoline use is less restricted by cost, this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution.

Explore other points of view.

Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to the policies of the opposing political candidate. This will help you make more informed decisions.

Critical thinking can give us the tools to sift through a sea of information and find what we’re looking for. ___20___

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A．Gather your information.

B．Ask yourself when facing a decision. C．There are many ways to improve our chances. D．This isn’t always as straightforward as it sounds. E．But what about the long-term environmental effects?

F．There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking.

G．If enough of us use it, it has the power to make the world a more reasonable place.

【答案】16．F 17．A 18．B 19．E 20．G

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍提高一个人的批判性思维能力的5个步骤。 16．根据下文“But here’s one five-step process that may help you.”(但是，这里有5步可以帮助你。)可知，上文作者要提到有方法可以做到批判性思维。选项F“有许多不同的方法可以达到批判性思维。”和下文意思为转折关系。critical thinking是关键词。故选F。 17．根据下文“Information gathering helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.”(信息收集帮助你权衡不同的选择，让你更接近一个符合你目标的决定。)可知，这一段作者建议要收集一些信息。选项A“收集你的信息。”为本段的标题。故选A。

18．根据下文““What concepts are at work?” “What assumptions exist?” “Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?””(“什么概念在起作用？”“存在什么假设？”“我对信息的解释在逻辑上合理吗？”)可知，这里列举了许多的问题，所以作者是建议要提出问题。选项B“当面临决定时问你自己问题。”和下文意思一致。故选B。

19．根据上文“At first glance, that seems great.”(乍一看，似乎很棒。)和下文“If gasoline use is less restricted by cost, this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution.”(如果汽油的使用不受成本的，这也会导致空气污染的大幅增加。)可知，上文提到汽油降价看起来很好，但是下文说的是从长远来看，汽油降价是有害的，所以中间需要过渡句。选项E“但是长期的环境影响怎么办？”和上下文意思连贯。故选E。

20．根据上文“Critical thinking can give us the tools to sift through a sea of information and find what we’re looking for.”(批判性思维可以给我们一些工具，让我们从海量的信息中筛选出我们要找的东西。)可知，这里在最后一段作者总结了批判性思维的好处。选项G“如果我们足够多的人使用它，那么它将有能量让这个世界变成一个更加合情合理的地方。”和上文意思一致。故选G。

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三、完形填空

15 years ago, Erin Merryn met a ginger kitten who needed a home when she was a student in a small college town. He___21___ into her arms and refused to let her go.

“I was ___22___ immediately and decided that I would take a ___23___ and try hiding a kitten in my college dorm where animals are obviously not allowed,” Erin recalled.

A week later she was caught and given 48 hours to___24___ the cat. “I planned secretly for a month to ___25___ my parents to let me keep him. Mom finally ___26___. Dad never said yes but I won and got my ___27___” said Erin.

Six years ago, Erin had Abby, her beautiful daughter. She didn’t know ___28___ Bailey would think about the new addition.

But it was love at first sight, and as Abby grew, he became her ___29___ brother, watching over her every step of the way.

A video clip showing Abby reading to Bailey went viral on the Internet in 2018. Numerous people ____30____ Erin on social media platforms.

____31____, while Erin and her family spent every day with the cuddly cat, the world did not get to know Bailey for very long. On December 8, 2018, the 14-year-old cat passed away from kidney ____32____.

A full month after Bailey’s passing, Erin still got cards and gifts from caring individuals. Erin ____33____ her family has received more than 500 cards from around the world.

It is this love that Erin hopes Bailey’s ____34____ hold on to. She wants her furry “first-born” to be remembered as a symbol of ____35____ that inspires others to treat the world with love. 21．A．broke 22．A．attacked 23．A．risk 24．A．kill 25．A．force 26．A．gave up 27．A．way 28．A．how 29．A．protective

B．leapt B．addicted B．look B．sell B．permit B．gave in B．hope B．that B．destructive

C．fell C．attached C．change C．permit C．advise C．gave out C．word C．what C．impressive

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D．caught D．appreciated D．decision D．remove D．convince D．gave away D．advice D．whether D．sensitive

30．A．praised B．followed C．admired C．Eventually C．failure C．assumes C．friends C．compassion

D．scolded D．Unfortunately D．function D．estimates D．owners D．confidence

31．A．Surprisingly B．Amazingly 32．A．lack 33．A．doubts 34．A．fans 35．A．hardship 【答案】

B．organ B．expects B．fellows B．sympathy

21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．D 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在大学时遇到了一只小猫，给了它一个家。后来她有了女儿，猫咪用爱心和耐心陪着女儿长大直到去世的故事。

21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他跳进她的怀里，不让她走。A. broke破坏，打破；B. leapt跳；C. fell落下；D. caught抓住，赶上。根据“into her arms and refused to let her go.”可知，此处是指小猫跳进Erin怀里，想让她把自己带回家。故选B。

22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我立刻被吸引了，决定冒险把一只小猫藏在我的大学宿舍里，那里显然不允许养动物，”Erin回忆道。A. attacked袭；B. addicted使……上瘾；C. attached附着，使依恋；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“decided that I would take a 3 and try hiding a kitten in my college dorm”推知，Erin被小猫吸引了。故选C。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我立刻被吸引了，决定冒险把一只小猫藏在我的大学宿舍里，那里显然不允许养动物，”Erin回忆道。A. risk风险；B. look表情；C. change改变；D. decision决定。根据下文“where animals are obviously not allowed”可知，宿舍不准养动物，所以作者决定带小猫回宿舍是冒险。故选A。

24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一周后，她被抓住了，并给与48小时的时间把猫带走。A. kill杀死；B. sell卖；C. permit允许；D. remove移除。根据上文“where animals are obviously not allowed”可知，Erin被抓住后，学校给她48小时时间让她把猫带走。故选D。

25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我秘密计划了一个月来说服父母让我留下他。A. force强迫；B. permit许可，允许；C. advise建议；D. convince使……相信，说服。根据“Dad never said yes but I won”结合下文陈述Bailey和作者女儿的故事推知，Erin曾努力说服父母让她留下小猫。故选D。

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26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：妈妈最终屈服了。A. gave up放弃；B. gave in屈服；C. gave out分发，耗尽；D. gave away赠送，泄露。根据“Dad never said yes”推知，作者的妈妈在作者的说服下最终同意留下小猫，即妈妈屈服了。故选B。

27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：爸爸从来没有答应过，但我赢了，得到了我想要的。A. way方式，方法；B. hope希望；C. word单词，话语；D. advice建议。根据“I won”和下文讲述作者女儿和Bailey的故事可知，作者得到了自己想要的——继续养Bailey，get one’s way“得逞”。故选A。

28．考查连词词义辨析。句意：她不知道Bailey会怎么看待新加入的家庭成员。A. how如何；B. that（无意义）； C. what什么，……的；D. whether是否。结合句意，此处问某人对什么的看法，应用what。故选C。

29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这是一见钟情，随着Abby的成长，他成为了保护她的哥哥，守护着她的每一步。A. protective保护的；B. destructive破坏性的；C. impressive令人印象深刻的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据下文“watching over her every step of the way.”可知，Bailey 成了保护Abby的哥哥。故选A。

30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人在社交媒体平台上关注了Erin。A. praised表扬，赞美；B. followed跟随，密切关注；C. admired欣赏；D. scolded责骂。根据上文“A video clip showing Abby reading to Bailey went viral on the Internet in 2018.”推知，很多人在社交平台上关注了Erin。故选B。

31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，虽然艾琳和她的家人每天都和这只可爱的猫在一起，但人们认识贝利的时间并不长。A. Surprisingly令人吃惊的是；B. Amazingly令人惊讶的是；C. Eventually最终；D. Unfortunately不幸的是。根据下文“the 14-year-old cat passed away”可知，Bailey死了，这是不幸的事。故选D。

32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年12月8日，这只14岁的猫因肾衰竭去世。A. lack缺乏；B. organ器官；C. failure失败；D. function功能。根据“passed away”可知，Bailey死于肾衰竭，kidney failure“肾衰竭”。故选C。

33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾琳估计她的家人已经收到了来自世界各地的500多张卡片。A. doubts怀疑；B. expects期待；C. assumes假定，认为；D. estimates估计。根据上文“Erin still got cards and gifts from caring individuals.”和下文“received more than 500 cards from around the world”可知，此处是指Erin估计收到的卡片超过了500张。故选D。

34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Erin希望Bailey的粉丝们能够坚持这份爱。A. fans粉丝；B. fellows同伴；C. friends朋友；D. owners主人，所有者。根据“A video clip showing

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Abby reading to Bailey went viral on the Internet in 2018.”推知，Bailey在社交平台上有很多粉丝，此处指Erin希望他的粉丝们在他死后能坚持对动物的爱。故选A。

35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她希望自己毛茸茸的“第一个孩子”被人们记住，作为一种同情的象征，激励他人用爱来对待这个世界。A. hardship艰难困苦；B. sympathy怜悯；C. compassion同情；D. confidence信心。根据“inspires others to treat the world with love”结合上文讲述Erin冒险收留Bailey的故事可知，Erin希望人们能同情小动物，给它们关爱。故选C。

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The story of coffee often begins with a shepherd ___36___ (name) Kaldi in 9th century Ethiopia. While out in the fields, Kaldi saw his goats eating the berries from a small bush, then running and leaping about. Out of ___37___ (curious), he tried the berries and felt the invigorating effects for ___38___ (he). He took some of the fruits with him and shared them with the ___39___ (member) of a monastery nearby. And by the 1400s, coffee was being traded throughout the Arabian Peninsula.

Coffee reached Europe in the late 16th century through trade. Coffee was introduced into Italy first. Coffee really became popular in Europe in the 17th century, and the coffee houses opened across Europe. ___40___ first coffeehouse in England opened in Oxford in 1651 and by the late 17th century there were many coffeehouses in English towns ___41___ merchants and professional men met to drink cups of coffee, read newspapers and chat.

In the Americas, coffee was introduced during colonization, first as an imported good, then as a cultivated crop throughout Central America. The cultivation of coffee in Americas, like other cash crops, resulted ___42___ the displacement of native peoples and___43___ (develop) of large – scale plantations using native people as a labor source. In the 19th century, Brazil became the world’s ___44___ (large) coffee producer, a title it ___45___ (maintain) ever since. Coffee remains a major good produced in Central and South America to this day. 【答案】

36．named 37．curiosity 38．himself 39．members 40．The 41．where 42．in 43．development 44．largest 45．has maintained

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【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述咖啡的发展过程。

36．考查非谓语。句意：咖啡的故事起源于9世纪埃塞俄比亚的一个叫Kaldi的牧羊人。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查过去分词做后置定语，修饰前面的名词shepherd，是被动的关系，所以用过去分词表示被动的意思。故填named。

37．考查名词。句意：出于好奇，他尝试了浆果，并且感受到了提神的效果。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词，表示“好奇心”的意思，out of curiosity是固定短语“出于好奇”的意思。故填curiosity。

38．考查代词。句意：见第2题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查反身代词，做介词for的宾语，表示“他自己”的意思。故填himself。

39．考查名词。句意：他带了一些果实，与附近一个修道院的成员分享。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查可数名词作宾语，表示泛指，所以用复数形式。故填members。 40．考查冠词。句意：英国第一家咖啡馆于1651年在牛津开业，到17世纪晚期，英国城镇里有许多咖啡馆，商人和职业人士聚在那里喝咖啡，看报纸，聊天。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查定冠词修饰序数词first，表示“第一”的意思。故填The。 41．考查定语从句。句意：见第5题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词coffeehouses，在从句中做地点状语。故填where。

42．考查动词短语。句意：美洲的咖啡种植，和其他经济作物一样，导致了当地人的迁移和大规模种植园的发展，这些种植园把当地人作为劳动力来源。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语result in，表示“导致”的意思。故填in。

43．考查名词。句意：见第7题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词，和前面的名词短语the displacement of native peoples一起并列做介词in的宾语，表示“发展”的意思，是不可数名词，所以用单数形式。故填development。

44．考查形容词最高级。句意：在19世纪，巴西成为世界上最大的咖啡生产国，从那时起，这个称号就一直保持着。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查形容词最高级，表示“最大的”意思，修饰后面的名词短语coffee producer。故填largest。

45．考查谓语。句意：见第9题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查谓语动词，it (maintain) ever since是Brazil became the world’s ___9___ (large) coffee producer, a title的定语从句，先行词是a title，在从句中做宾语。句子中有时间状语ever since，所以句子谓语用现在完成时，主语是it，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has maintained。

五、其他应用文

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46．第24届北京张家口冬奥会在2022年2月4日～20日在中国的北京市和张家口市联合举行。由于疫情原因，国外的观众不能到中国来观看。假如你是李华，请你写一封信向你的笔友Tom介绍一下本次冬奥会。要点如下： 1.会徽“冬梦”，吉祥物“冰墩墩”。

2.设7个大项，102个小项。北京承办所有冰上项目，延庆和张家口承办所有的雪上项目。

3.这是中国历史上第一次举办冬季奥运会。 词数80左右。

参考词汇：疫情epidemic；会徽emblem；吉祥物mascot Dear Tom,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Li hua

【答案】Dear Tom,

As you know, the 24th Beijing-Zhangjiakou Winter Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou from February 4 to 20, 2022. Due to the epidemic, foreign audiences can’t come to China to watch it. Therefore, I am writing to tell you something about it.

The winter Olympic Games emblem is “Winter Dream”, which looks like the Chinese character “冬”. The mascot is “Bing Dwen Dwen”, a very cute giant panda. There are 7 major events and 102 minor ones. Beijing hosts all the ice projects, while Yanqing and Zhangjiakou host all the snow projects. Although this is the first time for China to host the Winter Olympic Games, we believe it will be great success.

Yours, LiHua

【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给笔友Tom介绍本届北京冬奥会的相关情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 因为：because of→due to 可爱的：lovely→cute 告诉：inform→tell

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相信：be convinced that→believe 2.句型拓展 简单句变复合句

原句： The mascot is “Bing Dwen Dwen”, a very cute giant panda.

拓展句： The mascot is “Bing Dwen Dwen”, which is a very cute giant panda. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Although this is the first time for China to host the Winter Olympic Games, we believe it will be great success.（运用了although引导让步状语从句） [The winter Olympic Games emblem is “Winter Dream”, which looks like the Chinese character “冬”. （运用了which引导的非性定语从句）

六、读后续写

47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

One pleasant New-year morning, Edward rose, and washed and dressed himself in haste (匆忙). He wanted to be first to wish a happy New Year.

He looked in every room, and shouted the words of welcome. He ran into the street, to repeat them to those he might meet.

When he came back, his father gave him two bright, new silver dollars. His face lighted up as he took them. He had wished for a long time to buy some pretty books that he had seen at the bookstore. He left the house with a light heart, intending to buy the books.

As he ran down the street, he saw a poor German family, the father, mother, and three children shivering with cold. “I wish you a happy New Year,” said Edward, as he was gayly passing on. The man shook his head. “You do not belong to this country,” said Edward. The man again shook his head, for he could not understand or speak our language.

But he pointed to his mouth, and to the children, as if to say, “These little ones have had nothing to eat for a long time.” Edward quickly understood that these poor people were in distress (困境). He took out his dollars, and gave one to the man, and the other to his wife.

How their eyes sparkled with gratitude! They said something in their language, which doubtless, meant, “We thank you a thousand times, and will remember you in our prayers. Paragraph 1:

When Edward came home, his father asked what books he had bought.

___________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2:

“My dear boy,” said his father, “here is a whole bundle of books.”

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】When Edward came home, his father asked what books he had bought. He hung his head a moment, but quickly looked up. “I have bought no books,” said he, “I give my money to some poor people, who seemed to be very hungry,” adding “I think I can wait for my books till next New Year.” His father asked the reason. He explained it was a German family who didn’t have enough clothes to wear. Edward’s explanation made his father understand what had happened and he expressed that he couldn’t agree more with him. “I will buy you some books,” promised father.

“My dear boy,” said his father, “here is a whole bundle of books.” To his surprise, the books were exactly what he wanted. Holding the books his father gave him in his arms, Edward felt he was the happiest boy in the world. He felt the sweetness of helping others. A few days later, Edward met the family again, and they still thanked him thousand times. He knew that help means we all can give a hand to people in need under any circumstances.

【导语】这是一篇读后续写。文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了Edward的爸爸在新年这天给了他两美元，他本打算用这些钱买自己喜欢的书。但在去书店的路上看到一个贫穷的家庭，于是决定把自己的钱给他们，让他们暂度难关。 【详解】1.段落续写

①根据第一段首句“当Edward回家时，他的父亲问他买了什么书”可知，下文可以描写Edward告诉爸爸，并且受到爸爸的表扬。

①根据第二段首句“‘我亲爱的孩子，’他的父亲说，‘这里有一大捆书。’”可知，下文可以描写Edward拿到书的反应，以及感想。

2.续写线索：父亲询问——告诉——父亲表扬——承诺买书——买回新书——Edward非常开心——和德国人家重遇——感想 3.词类激活

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行为类

①垂下，低下：hang/lower ①明白：understand/be aware of ①帮助：help/assist/give a hand to ①遇见：meet/come across 情绪类

①吃惊：surprise/amazement

①感激：thank/show gratitude/be grateful

【点睛】[高分句型1]Edward’s explanation made his father understand what had happened and he expressed that he couldn’t agree more with him. (运用了what引导的宾语从句和that引导的宾语从句)

[高分句型2]Holding the books his father gave him in his arms, Edward felt he was the happiest boy in the world.(运用了现在分词作状语，和省略关系代词that/which引导的定语从句和that引导的宾语从句)

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