2021中考英语(现在完成时)专项讲解与训练

2021中考英语（现在完成时）专项讲解与训练

一、定义

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学记忆。

现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句列表如下： 肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film. 否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film. He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film.

疑问句：Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they haven’t. Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasn’t. 二、用法

用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年来）等连用。

※ 副词的位置：

①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .

②never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.

③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？

④before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before. ⑤yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. ⑥already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it. ⑦so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.

用法二：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：

① for（介）＋表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。 ② since（介）＋表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986. ③ since（连）＋表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born. ④ since（介）＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.

三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须是表示延

续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。 I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?

四、延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在”在内的（到说话时仍未结束）表示一段时间的状语连用。如this

morning，today，this week，these days

He has been to Beijing three times this year. He has written two letters this morning.（说话时间在上午）

He wrote two letters this morning.（说话时间在下午或晚上）

英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语（how long，for，since）连用。He has come back.（√）He has come back for two hours.（×）

※ 但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如 I haven’t heard from my father for a long time. We haven’t seen him since 1999.

五、当终止性动词（非延续性动词）与表示一段时间的状语（how long，since，for， all one’s life）相矛盾时,

改正错句的方法有如下几种:

（1）用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.

He has come back for two weeks.（错）改为:He came back two weeks ago.（正） I have lost my bike for ten days. （错）改为:I lost my bike ten days ago. （正） （2）用“It is / has been＋时间＋since＋一般过去时态”句型来改写。

He has joined the League for 3 years. （错）It is 3 years since he joined the League. I have bought the book for 5 days. （错）It is 5 days since I bought the book. （正） He has died for 20 years. （错）It is 20 years since he died. （正） （3）用“时间＋has passed＋since＋一般过去时态”句型来改写。

He has left home for 20 years. 改为:Twenty years has passed since he left home. He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改为:Two days has passed since he lost his pen. （4）用系表结构来改写.

He has died for 20 years. 改为: He has been dead for 20 years.

The factory has opened since 1999. 改为:The factory has been open since 1999. How long has he left? 改为:How long has he been away? （5）用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。

He has bought the book for two weeks. 改为:He has had the book for two weeks. 常见的相应转换形式如下: borrow / lend→keep,

buy→have,

finish / end→be over,

arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there, begin / start→be on , die→be dead ,

open→be open ,

close→be closed,

leave→be away（from）,

go to school→be in school / be a student, fall asleep→be asleep , lose→be lost,

get up→be up, get to know→know,

fall ill→be ill, become→be,

return / come back / get back→be back, join→be in / be a…member,

join the army→be in the army /be a soldier,

begin to study→study,

receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cold→have a cold, 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:

He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago. He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago. He joined the army three years ago. It is three years since he joined the army. Three years has passed since he joined the army.

（1）He came to our village two years ago.=He _____ _____ _____ our village since two years ago. （2）He left home three days ago=He_____ _____ _____ _____ home for 3 days. （3）I bought the watch 2 weeks ago=I_____ _____ the watch since 2 weeks ago. （4）It is 5 days since I borrowed the book=I_____ _____ the book for 5 days. （5）The film has begun= The film_____ _____ _____ for half an hour. （6）I got to know him 10 years ago=I _____ _____him for 10 years. （7）There is a factory=There _____ _____ a factory for 20 years.

（8）Our school opened in 1960=Our school _____ _____ _____ since 1960. 六、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题

1. have been to 和have gone to的区别

have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如： He has been to the USA three times.

他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”） have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如： --Where's your mother? --你妈妈在哪？ --She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。 2. have been to 和have been in的区别

have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”eg. ① She has been to Shanghai only once.

②--How many times has he been there? --He's been there many times.

have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。 eg. ①They have been at the bus stop for half an hour.他们在车站呆了半小时。（现在仍然在车站） ②We have been in Xi'an for two weeks. 我们在西安呆了两个多星期。（现仍在西安） ③How long have they been in China? 他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国）

七、如何通过与一般过去时做比较,进一步掌握现在完成时?

一般过去时和现在完成时的动作都发生在过去,但意义却不同. （1）一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系。 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响,强调的是现在。 如:I learned ten English songs（说明过去学过,现在是否记得,不是本句的内容）

的状语。

I have learnt ten English songs.（learn发生在过去,但强调我现在懂英语歌曲） I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.（只说明“擦”和其发生的时间） I have cleaned the blackboard.（说明现在黑板是干净的）

The teacher has written some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在有单词） The teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在没有单词）

（2）一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last year, three days ago, just now, 等。现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,其时间状语可以是since…,for… , just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far, all one’s life等

完型填空专项讲解与训练原文

Do you want to be a TV news reporter? People often ask me why I love my job. Well, it’s very exciting. I’m the first to know about important news stories. I travel around the world and I talk to people. I find out what is happening in different places. I talk to some important and famous people. I’ve talked to people in the government, as well as famous sportsmen and sportswomen and film stars. I ask people to tell me about their lives. I want to know how they feel.

A lot of people want to work in TV news, so you have to be energetic and creative. You have to show that you can do it. You must learn how to use a vidio camera,or write reports. What’s the best way to learn? Your school or college TV station is a good place to start, but you have to get a job!

Most people start with an unpaid job, so they can learn. The best place to learn is at a small station. There aren’t many people, and as a result, you get better experience. I had an unpaid job at a small station, and one night, when everyone else was ill, I read the news on air. I did well, and as a result, I got my first paid job!

Have you ever had ... a fantastic experience?

Wei Ming has been all over China by plane. Her father is an Air China captain, so they fly to different places for their holidays. \"My favourite place is Mount Tai. But I also like the beaches in Sanya.\" Is there anywhere she hasn't visited? \"I've never been to Shanghai!\"

Han Li has been to San Francisco in the USA. His grandparents live there and he visits them every Spring Festival. \"I like San Francisco very much because there's a lot to see and do there. I'm at home in Chinatown!\" says Han Li. Yi Wen has tried western food in a hotel in Nanjing. \"Have you ever had Italian food? It's delicious! Pizza has always been my favourite food. But I don't like sandwiches or ice cream—they're too cold!\"

Wang Ming has been to a Liu Huan concert in Beijing with more than 2,000 people. \"He's given concerts all over China and the tickets have always sold out. He's written many songs! He's the greatest Chinese musician ... ever!\" says Wang Ming.

He Meifeng went to a Beijing cinema to see The House of the Flying Daggers because she's always liked Zhang Ziyi. At the end she got up, and Zhang Ziyi was in the seat beside her. \"I've always wanted to meet her. It was my 'dream come true'!\"

Hope for the Future

Liu Sanzi is an eight-year-old boy from a village in Hunan Province. His parents want him to drop out of school. It's important for him to work on their farm because there are seven people in Liu's family and they are very poor. Li Yinming is 14 and from Zhangxian in Gansu Province. He stopped going to school a few years ago. His parents have been ill and he has to look after them.

Many children like Li Yinming and Liu Sanzi can't get an education because their families are poor. Now they can go to school with the help of Project Hope. In the last 15 years, this project has raised money and paid for the education of 2.5 million poor students in the countryside. People in China and abroad have given 2.2 billion yuan. With this money, Project Hope has built many schools and libraries. It has also trained teachers and it has sent students to high schools.

Last year Shen, a boy from Shanxi Province, went to a school with no electricity and only a few books. But this year he's at a new school with big classrooms and lots of books. Project Hope paid for it.

Most people in China have heard of Project Hope and have given money. But 40 million children from poor families still need help. Because of Project Hope, thousands of children have better lives. Perhaps we should all ask: What can we do for Project Hope? How can we help?

When's the Best Time to Visit the USA?

The USA is a very big country to visit, so choose carefully the places to see and the time to go. Bring a good map because you may want to travel around.

New York and Washington D.C. are good places to visit in May or October. It's not too hot then. In winter there's a lot of snow.

The best plan is to arrive in New England in September. The weather starts to get cooler and the trees start to change colour. It's a good idea to bring your camera because you may want to take photos of the autumn leaves. 4,000 kilometres away in Los Angeles, California, the weather is fine all year. It's nice to see the sun in December! Bring your swimsuit because you might want to swim in the sea.

In the northwest, it isn't very cold, but there's a lot of rain, so bring an umbrella. It's pleasant to visit Alaska in July and August but it might be cool in the evening. So remember to wear some warm clothes. But don't come in winter. It'll be dark all day and freezing cold.

In Texas and the southeast, there are storms from time to time in summer and fall. It's usually very hot and sunny compared to many other places.

So when's the best time to visit the USA? Any time you like!

A Trip to the Sea

It was seven o'clock in the morning on 29th August. The Kelly family were going to Brighton, a town by the sea. \"Can we have breakfast before we leave?\" asked Gina Kelly.

\"No,\" said her mother. \"We must leave now, or the traffic will be terrible. We'll have breakfast when we get to the seaside.\"

Gina ran downstairs. \"I'm ready,\" she said.

The family climbed into the car, and Dad started driving. In the front of the car was Mike. He was eleven. He didn't talk but just listened to music. In the back of the car was Gina, her mother, and Ellen. Gina was nine and Ellen was three.

Dad drove very fast. \"You're driving too fast,\" said Mum. \"You don't need to drive so fast. It's early.\"

Dad laughed and drove more slowly. There wasn't too much traffic, and they got to Brighton at nine o'clock. It was a sunny day, and the sea looked very blue.

\"There's a café,\" said Gina. \"Can we have breakfast there?\"

\"Yes,\" said Mum. They went into the café, and ate a very big breakfast.

\"Oh dear, I ate too much,\" said Gina. \"How can I swim when I've got all that food inside me?\"

\"Easy,\" shouted Mike. \"Just watch me!\" He ran towards the sea.

A Perfect Holiday?

Imagine this: your parents go away on business, but you have to stay at home alone. Would life be as easy as when your parents are around? Would it be a perfect holiday for you?

Zheng Chenyu says that she would worry \"Where would I find food? How would I cook it?\" The 14-year-old girl says that she knows little about cooking.

\"I can fill an empty stomach with tomato and egg soup, but that's all. I think many of my classmates are the same. We wouldn't know what to do, or how to look after ourselves,\" said Zheng. \"And I'd forget something important. I'd probably watch television and then burn the soup.\"

Although Zheng believes that basic life skills, such as cooking and washing clothes, are especially important, she doesn't think teenagers get enough practice.

\"As soon as I leave home, I'll learn to cook. But now parents do almost everything for us. We're very lazy,\" she said. Most teenagers have only had time for their homework. They don't learn any life skills until they go to college. However, Sima Yige doesn't think so.

\"I think I'd be all right. I wouldn't just eat sandwiches or fruit. I know how to cook some simple dishes because my mum showed me,\" the 13-year-old boy said. In his opinion, many teenagers depend too much on their parents, and there is much more to learn than cooking, like \"tidying up your room or even dressing yourself properly\". For most teenagers it wouldn't be a holiday at all.

Happy to Go Home

Mike Robinson is a 15-year-old English schoolboy. His sister Clare is 14. At the moment, Mike and Clare are at a school in Sydney, one of the biggest cities in Australia. They have been there for two years. They like the school, but they know that soon they will leave and return to England with their parents.

Mike and Clare have also been to schools in America, Germany, France and China. This is because their father, Peter, works for a very big international company. The company has offices in many different countries. The company has sent Peter to work in many different countries. Peter usually stays in one country for about two years. Then the company moves him again. His family always goes with him.

The Robinsons are a happy family and love seeing the world. Mike and Clare have learnt to speak French, German and a little Chinese. The two children have friends all over the world. But they are glad that they are going to return to England.

Recently, the children told their parents, \"We want to stay in England. We don't want to move again.\" Their father agrees and has asked his company to keep him in England. The company has agreed. Mike and Clare are very happy about this.

My New Teacher

1 Our new English teacher, Mr White, arrived today. He's American. He smiles a lot and he's friendly but he speaks very fast. It's difficult to understand his words. He also expects us to study hard, and speak English all the time in our English lessons.

2 During the first class, Mr White introduced himself, and showed us photos of his family. He's got a big family, two brothers and a sister. His brothers all look like him. They are very tall, and they have dark hair, but one brother has a beard. His sister is slim, and she has fair hair. They were smiling in all of the photos and look friendly.

3 Then he told us about America and Americans. He showed us how Americans say \"Hi. How are you doing?\" and shake hands when they meet people. We all practised. That was fun. And he also told us that Americans are cheerful, lively people. They smile a lot and are usually friendly because Americans think it's polite to be friendly. 4 At the end of the lesson, we all said \"Goodbye\\"See you soon\" to everyone. English lessons are going to be enjoyable!