专题01 动词时态陷阱题高中英语语法易错题通关秘籍 Word版含解析

第一部分：理论知识： 时态: 请翻译：我跟李华吃饭。 I had dinner with Lihua. I will have dinner with Lihua . I am having dinner with Lihua . I was having dinner with Lihua. I have dinner with Lihua.

你昨天干了什么呢？我昨天在跟李华吃饭。 你明天干嘛去呢？我明天要跟李华去吃饭。 你现在在干嘛呢？我现在正在跟李华吃饭。

嗯，我昨天给你打电话的时候你怎么不接？因为你打电话的时候我正在跟李华吃饭。

你到底什么时候有时间，我要跟你谈事情。不行，我每天都要跟李华吃饭，和他吃饭已经成为我生命当中不不可或缺的一个部分。

从以上的一系列句子可以看出，我们用中文说的话。是不可以直接翻译成英文的。因为英语是一门非常精细的语言。中国人说话图方便。外国人说话求精确。所以我们想把中文说成英文的时候。必须要去考虑时间和状态。这就是我们今天要学习的时态。

时态是可以分割的，我们直接可以把它分成时和态。 时：站在过去看将来。 Past present future Past future 态：

一般：只须知道动作存在或发生。（比如说刷朋友圈或者是刷微博的时候，你会很快的翻着看，只需要知道有哪些事情存在就可以了，其他的并不关心，只是简单刷刷而已。）

进行：进行指的是只关注动作本身。（比如说，当我们在刷微博和朋友圈的时候，有几个新闻和事情是

我们感兴趣的，那我们就会点开认真的去看里面的内容和图片。去了解整个事情的来龙去脉。这个事情就是我们正在进行的，正在做的。）

从一般到进行，是递进的关系，从知道到关注，程度加强了。

完成：只关注动作的结果以及影响。（比如说在刷微博和朋友圈的时候，你会对自己感兴趣的东西点赞或者是评论。你点赞或者是评论的原因就是，你看的内容对你有一定的影响。这个影响的结果就是你会点赞或者是评论。）

完成进行：既关注动作本身，又关注其结果和影响。 一般：粗浅的了解

进行：进一步的了解，强调动作的本身。 完成：关注结果，或者是影响。

由上可以看出，英语的时态中不会有一般进行态，也不会有一般完成态。 四个时间对应四个状态：16种时态 时间和状态的区分：

现在一般时：一般是状态，现在是时间。 现在进行时：现在是时间，进行是状态。 现在完成时：现在是时间，完成是状态。 现在完成进行时：现在是时间，完成进行是状态。 过去一般时：一般是状态，过去是时间。 过去进行时：过去是时间，进行是状态。 过去完成时：过去是时间，完成是状态。 过去完成进行时：过去是时间，完成进行式状态。 将来一般时：将来是时间，一般是状态。 将来进行时：将来是时间，进行是状态。 将来完成时：将来是时间，完成是状态。 将来完成进行时：将来是时间，完成进行是状态。 过去将来一般时：过去将来是时间，一般是状态。 过去将来进行时：过去将来是时间，进行是状态。 过去将来完成时：过去将来是时间，完成是状态。 过去将来完成进行时：过去将来是时间，完成进行式状态。

高考中需要掌握的各种时态的分析： 一般现在时： 长相：

谓语动词：do/does 系动词：be~is/am/are 被动语态：am/is/are+done

奥义：一般～只需知道动作存在或者是发生 何为现在？

无论过去，现在，还是将来，只要跟现在搭上边，统统都是现在。所以一般过去时和他就没有任何的关系。

一般现在：等于常态

主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征。 经常性或习惯性的动作。 普遍真理➕客观事实➕格言警句。

按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作。（时刻表） 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征

This machine does not work. It has not worked for years. 这台机器不工作了。 它已经不工作好几年了。 经常性或习惯性的动作

I do all the cooking for my family. 我们家所有的烹饪都是我来做。 普遍真理➕客观事实➕格言警句

Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明地球是圆的。

按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作

Look at the Timetable.Hurry up！Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 你看看时刻表。抓紧点，4026号航班6:20就起飞了。 一般过去等于讲故事

奥义：一般～只需知道动作存在或发生。

何为过去？

只能发生或存在于过去，不能跟现在产生任何关系。如果跟现在产生联系的话，那么它的概念就应该是现在时而不是过去。

George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he didn't. 乔治说他第二天会到学校来看我，但是他没来。 现在完成：用过去的事说现在。 长相：

谓语动词～Have done/Has done 系动词～ Have been /Has been

被动语态～Have been done/Has been done 奥义：完成～只关注动作的结果及影响。 动作分为两种： 能延续的～延续性动词

不能延续的～非延续性动词（非延续性动词，也就是瞬间动词。） 我们用以下两种方式来说明：

第一：如果一个动作到现在为止，他已经结束了，那么这个动作一定是发生在过去。

第二：如果这个动作在过去发生的某一段时间之内，就结束了，他的动作没有延续到现在，但是它的影响是持续到现在的，于是与现在产生了关联，那就是说这是过去的动作对现在造成了影响。

从以上的描述我们可以总结出关于完成时态的两个要点： 过去的动作对现在造成了影响 过去的动作持续到现在

过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

例如：Look！Somebody has cleaned the sofa. Well,it wasn't me,I didn't do it. 看，有人把沙发清洗了。 嗯，不是我弄的，我没做这件事。 过去的动作或状态持续到现在

I remember you were a talented pianist in college.Can you play the piano for me? Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years.

我记得你上大学的时候特别有钢琴天赋。你能为我演奏钢琴吗？ 抱歉，我已经很多年都没有弹过钢琴了。 某些提示词：

自从过去到现在，岂今为止 Since/ So far/Up to now/By now 近几年/几个月/一段时间

Over the past few years/Over the last few years./In the past few years/In the last few years. 其中的years可以换成月或者是周，这个短语是全国卷每年高考都会考到的。 例如：

Guiyang has changed a lot in the last few years. 贵阳在过去的几年中改变了很多。

从这个例子可以看出，贵阳的改变发生在过去，且持续到现在，所以用完成时态。

In the last few years，China has made great achievements in environmental protection. 近几年，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。 Since

I'm glad to say that he has made great progress since I met him last year. 自从上次跟你见面以来，很高兴看到你已经取得了这么大的进步。

Up to now，The program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died. 岂今为止。该项目已经拯救了成千上万名儿童，否则这些孩子就会失去生命。 各种进行时 长相 ：

现在进行时：am/is/are+doing 过去进行时:was/were+doing 将来进行时:will be+doing

奥义：进行～只关注动作本身（现在进行/过去进行/将来进行） 看以下的两个可能性：

只关注一个时刻点，某个动作在此时此刻正在发生。

不对时刻点进行关注，只强调一个动作上的某一段时间，这个动作在这段时间之内从来没有间断，那就可以把它理解为一直在做某事。

也就是说，动作要么作用在一点。要么作用在一段时间。 奥义：围绕着一个确定的时间说事儿。 说话时正在进行的动作：

They are playing table tennis now. 他们现在正在打乒乓球。

当前时段或现阶段正在进行。（说话时未必在进行）

Since I won the big prize, my telephone has not stopped ringing.People are phoning to ask how I am going to spend the money.

自从我中了这个大奖，我的电话就没停过。人们一直给我打电话问我要怎么花掉这笔钱。 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作： --Did you catch what I said？

--Sorry.I was answering a text message just now. 你听没听懂我说的话呀？ 抱歉，我刚才在回信息。

过去某的时段正在进行的行为或动作：

I called Hannah many times yesterday evening,but I couldn't get through. Her brother was talking on the phone all the time.

昨天晚上我给汉娜打了很多次电话，但是都没有打通，他哥哥一直在电话里跟他聊天。 表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作：

Jane can't attend the meeting at three o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.

简无法参加下午三点的会议了，因为那个时候她正在教课。 过去完成时 长相：

谓语动词：had done 系动词：had been 被动语态：had been done 奥义：过去的过去（找参考系） 长相：I told you the news.

I wrote a book. 我跟你说过我写了一本书。

I told you that I had written a book. 某一动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成：

The hotel wasn't particularly good. But I had stayed in many worse hotels. 这家酒店不是特别好。但是我此前住过很多更烂的酒店。 从过去某一时间延续到过去另一时间的动作状态：

John was fired last week. He had worked in the factory for almost two years. 约翰上周被解雇了。之前他在这个工厂工作了差不多两年时间。 一般将来时 长相： （一般） will/shall+do Am/is/are going to+do (特殊)

am /is/are(about) to+do 现在进行时表将来 祈使句 某些情态动词

Will/shall+do与am /is/are going to+do的区别：

预言时有迹象表明的用be going to,只是说明自己的看法不一定有迹象的用will Be going to表示事先的打算，事情发生的可能性更高。will表示临时的决定。 在表示天气时，be going to表示已有迹象表明。

预言时有迹象表明的用be going to,只是说明自己的看法不一定有迹象的用will --You are going to buy a computer. --I hope it will be cheap.

你要去买一台电脑，我希望你可以买到便宜的。

There is only ten minutes left and the score is 100：56 Russia Is going to lose.

仅有的十分钟，比分是100:56，一定会输。

Be going to表示事先的打算，事情发生的可能性更高。will表示临时的决定。 --Ann is in hospital

--Oh,really? I didn't know. I will go and visit her. 安在医院哦。

真的吗？我不知道，我要去看她。

在表示天气时，be going to表示已有迹象表明。

Look at these black clouds.There is going to be a storm. 看乌云，要下雨了。 现在进行时表将来：

从一个地方运动到另一个地方的动词，如：

Arrive,come,drive,fly,go,leave,start,travel（位移动词） I'm going to the park this Sunday.这个星期天我要去公园。 He's leaving tomorrow.他明天将要离开。

The neighbours are coming in to watch television.邻居们要过来看电视。 奥义：祈使句＋and/or+一般将来时

Work hard，and you will pass the exam.努力学习，你将会通过考试。

If you Work hard, you will pass the exam.如果你努力学习，你将会通过考试。 Hurry up,or you will be late for school.快点，否则你上学会迟到的。 过去将来时 长相： （一般） Would/should+do Was/were going to+do (特殊) Was/were+do 过去进行时表将来 祈使句 某些情态动词

从句随主句：站在过去看将来。 I told you I would write a book.

真理＋客观事实＋格言警句，永远用一般现在时。

Our teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 我们老师告诉我们，地球绕着太阳转。

现在完成进行时 长相：have been doing/has been doing 奥义：现在完成时的加强版

一直做，一直做，已经做了很长时间，有可能还要继续的做下去。 过去的动作持续到现在，从未间断。 I have studied English for eight years. 我学英语已经八年了。

I have been studying English for eight years. 这八年来我一直在学英语。 第二部分：课堂实战

1. Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he _____ his mother. A. will lose B. is losing C. had lost D. has lost

2. It’s good that we _____ to the park because it’s started to rain. A. don’t go B. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go D. wasn’t going 【答案】C

【解析】句意为“好在我们(刚才)没有去公园，因为天(现在)已经开始下雨了”。 3. I _____ for five minutes; why don’t they come? A. am calling B. called

C. was calling D. have been calling 【答案】D

【解析】用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。 4. You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait. A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had missed

5. We _____ to move but are still considering where to go to. A. are deciding B. decided C. have decided D. had decided 【答案】C

【解析】用现在完成时表示影响。

6. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who _____ it? A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken 【答案】B

【解析】用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。

7. They won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car. A. save B. were saving C. have saved D. are saving 【答案】D

【解析】用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。

8. I _____ your last point — could you say it again? A. didn’t quite catch B. don’t quite catch C. hadn’t quite catch D. can’t quite catch 【答案】A

9. You’ll never guess who I met today — my old teacher! We _____ for 20 years. A. don’t meet B. haven’t met C. hadn’t met D. couldn’t meet 【答案】B

【解析】用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。 10. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere. A. was to meet B. have met C. had met D. would meet 【答案】B

【解析】before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。

11. They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment. A. are expected B. have expected C. are expecting D. will expect 【答案】C

【解析】用现在进行时表示目前的一种状态。

12. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; I’m sure he _____ abroad all week.

A. is B. was

C. has been D. had been 【答案】C

【解析】用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即他整个星期都在国外，所以你说你在剧院见过他，你一定是搞错了。

13. The students _______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.

A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 【答案】D

14. I tried to phone her, but even as I _____ she was leaving the building. A. phoned B. would phone C. had phoned D. was phoning 【答案】D

【解析】注意even as 的意思，它表示“正当……的时候”或“恰当……的时候”。

15. “I suppose you _____ that report yet?” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”

A. didn’t finish B. haven’t finished C. hadn’t finished D. wasn’t finishing 【答案】B

【解析】注意下文语境——事实上，我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测，填空处应填现在完成时态。

16. —Didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank? —No, he _______ in the other direction. A. was looking B. had looked C. looked D. is looking 【答案】A

【解析】表示当时正在进行的动作。

17. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be 【答案】A

【解析】表示目前一种持续的状态。

18. “I thought you might have got drunk.” “Yes, I ______.” A. almost have B. almost had C. almost did D. might have

【答案】C

【解析】句中的 might have got drunk是对过去情况的推测，故答句所指的情况也应在过去，故选C。

19. You ______ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching

C. have always watched D. have always been watching 【答案】B

【解析】always 与进行时态连用，可以表示高兴、满意、抱怨、厌恶等感情色彩。

20. “I took part in the TOEFL. It was really hard.” “Did you ______ a lot?” A. Have you studied B. Did you study C. Had you studied D. Do you study 【答案】C

21. “What’s your opinion on the matter, please?” “Oh, sorry, I _______.” A. wasn’t to listen B. haven’t listened C. wasn’t listening D. hadn’t listened 【答案】C

【解析】“没听”肯定是刚才的事，所以应用过去时态。

22. “Aha, you’re a chain smoker!” “Only at home. Nobody _______ that but you.” A. discovered B. had discovered C. discovers D. is discovering 【答案】C

【解析】答句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。

23. The telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father.

A. had rang; was B. has rung; was C. rang; has been D. has been ringing; is

24. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who ______ him, but failed. A. has held B. had held C. was holding D. would hold 【答案】C

【解析】用过去进行时表示当时在持续的一种状态。

25. When I arrived at the company, the manager ______, so we had only time for a few words.

A. just went away B. had gone away

C. was just going away D. has just gone away 【答案】C

【解析】由于下文说we had only time for a few words，说明“经理”正准备离开。 26. “John took a photograph of you just now.” “Oh, really? I ______.” A. didn’t know B. wasn’t knowing C. don’t know D. haven’t known 【答案】A

【解析】“不知道”是对方告诉自己之前的事，故用一般过去时。

27. “Mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “It’s a shame! He _______!”

A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 【答案】B

【解析】根据语境，他“答应”发生在过去，故用一般过去时。 28. Please call again. Jim _______ a bath just now. A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has 【答案】C

29. “Was Andrew there when you arrived?” “Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.”

A. had gone B. has gone C. is going D. went 【答案】D

【解析】Andrew“回家”发生在你见到他(发生在过去)之后不久。

30. “Where is Mother.” “She is in the kitchen. She _______ the housework all morning.”

A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. has been doing 【答案】D

【解析】选 D。现在完成进行时表示从过去至今一直在持续的动作。

31. The books, ________ the dictionaries, must be put back where they ________. A. included; were B. to include; are C. including; were D. including; are 【答案】C

【解析】第一空including不填 included，因为其后带有宾语;第二填 were，是因为它是指“原来放的地方”。