语法复习专题（2） 形容词、副词、介词和并列连词
一、形容词和副词
1、形容词、副词的作用与位置
形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。 而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；
（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。
如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。 （3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、
something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you. （4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，
enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。
（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。 （8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：
The person there is waiting for you.
（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词
+ size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如： a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings （10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。 ②表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词： deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低
deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微 ③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：
dead完全，绝对be dead asleep ----deadly非常be deadly tired
1
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
pretty相当be pretty certain that…---- prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed close近Don’t sit close. ---- closely密切地Watch closely!
late晚、迟arrive late, come late ---- lately最近I haven’t seen him lately. 2、复合形容词的构成 1) 形容词 + 名词 + ed 2) 形容词 + 形容词 3) 形容词 + 现在分词 4) 副词 + 现在分词 5) 副词 + 过去分词 6) 名词 + 形容词 7) 名词 + 现在分词 8) 名词 + 过去分词 9) 数词 + 名词 + ed 10) 数词 + 名词（名词用单数） 3、形容词和副词的比较等级
（1）原级的构成和用法。
构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you . This room is three times as large as that one.
（2）比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。 （3）比较级的用法。
①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如： This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如： He works even harder than before.
注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一
2
kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的 red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的： good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的 hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的 hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的 life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的 peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的 snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的 four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的 ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的 奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如： She is better than she was yesterday 另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如： He is taller by far than his brother. ④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如： The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如:The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。 He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry. ⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. ⑧倍数表达法。
（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. （B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double (4)最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如： Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如： This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite /nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Of all the boys he came(the)earliest. (5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
3
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如： He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very) The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。如： who is the older of the tow boys?
④在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中。 ⑤在same前一般要加the。
⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。 （6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。
① as much as + 不可数名词数量。 She could earn as much as ten dollars a week. ②as many as + 可数名词数量 多达 I have as a many as sixteen referrence books. ③as early as早在 As early as the 12th century they began to invade the island. ④as far as远到；就……而知（论） We might go as far as (走到)the church and back. As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before. ⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如 Then you might as well stay with us here. ⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，极其 They are as unreliable as they can be. ⑦as … as one can/could He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧as … as possible Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible. (7)几组重要的词语辨析。 ①very 和much的区别。
（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。
(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。
(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。(D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups. （E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：
（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。
（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。
(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold,
4
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
quite different, terribly cold / frightening。 ②so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。 so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …
so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that … so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that … such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that … such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that … such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …
注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。 ③其他几组词的辨析。
(A)ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。
(B)already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。
(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。
(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。
(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。
(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。
精典例题解析
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.（NMET 2001）
A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as 【解析】答案为D。在同级比较as…as句式中，形成“as + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + as”结构。
2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______known for his
plays.(NMET 1998) A. the best B. more C. better D. the most 【解析】答案为C。本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。根据句意，句中but后应
5
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
有一词组be well known for…。同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professor White的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比，故应用well的比较级。 *** 比较以下试题，情形也大致相同:
1) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, ______. We couldn’t have found
a better place.”
A. too bad B. sorry C. wonderful D. impossible 2) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____IQ.
A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest
3. You are _____ careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care
and skill.
A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no less
【解析】容易误选A。要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义，再结合句子语境，可知此题最佳答案为B。
not more … than = 不如……; no more … than = 和……一样不 (否定两者) not less … than = 不如……不 ; no less … than = 和……一样 (肯定两者) 比较以下各句的意思：
You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。 You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。 “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is ____ than fat.” A. short B. shorter C. more short D. shortest
【解析】容易误选B。认为 short为单音节形容词，故用-er构成比较级。其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起：
(1) 异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如：My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。
Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。 (2) 同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为“(更多的)是……，而不是”、“与其……不如……”等。如： He was more lucky than clever. 他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。
This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。 按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。 EXERCISE 1 （单选）
1.I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) trick. A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple
2. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, if you don’t speak the language. A. especially B. naturally C. basically D. extremely
6
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
3. If I had , I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places. A. an enough long holiday B. a long enough holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough 4. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is known for his plays. A. better B. more C. the best D. the most 5. Wait till you are more . It’s better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. certain C. calm D. satisfied 6. It is generally believed that teaching is it is a science. A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
7. Can you believe that in a rich country there should be many poor people? A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, such 8. It takes a long time to go there by train; it’s by road. A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker 9. If there were no examinations, we should have at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 10. How beautifully she sings ! I have never heard .
A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice 11. ---If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
---OK, but do you have size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me. A. big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger 12. ---Would you like some wine ? ---Yes, just .
A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit 13. Canada is larger than country in Africa.
A. any B. other C. any other D. another 14. --- Mum, I think I’m to get back to school.
---Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough 15. ---How was your recent visit to Qingdao ? ---It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 16. They produced 20% grain this year than they did last year.
A. much B. little C. a little D. more 17. ---How does Amy like her new school?
---Fine. And she’s doing in her course.
A. extremely good B. extreme good C. extremely well D. extreme well 18. We have tried to persuade him to go with us. 7
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
A. possible everything almost B. almost everything possible C. everything almost possible D. almost possible everything 19. Ann’s work was .
A. as good as, if not better than ours B. the best, if not better than ours
C. as well as, if not better than, ours D. as good as, if not better than, ours
EXERCISE 2 (改错，每句一错）
1. The salad tasted so well that my brother returned to the salad bar for another helping. 2. We spent a perfect day at the beach because the ocean was real calm and the sun wasn’t too hot.
3. John always arrives lately for his chemistry class even though he leaves his dormitory in plenty of time.
4. Mary is the more capable of all the girls who are from the South. 6. If you go highly enough above the earth, you will find the air is too thin to support your life.
7. She spoke with such a strong accent that we could hard understand it.
8. The governor has not already decided how to deal with the new problem about pollution. 9. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is specially true when it comes to classroom tests.
10. There was nothing more to do, so I went to bed earlier than usually. 11.Let’s meet direct after lunch, then I’ll take you direct to your room. 13. One evening, while I was walking along the road, a poor boy was found deadly by the roadside, which made me terrified.
15. Of the two lectures, the first was by far the best one, partly because the person who delivered it had such a pleasant voice.
二、介 词
一）常用介词辨析
表示方位的介词:in, to, on
1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China.
3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.
8
5. I like black coffee so much because the stronger it is, I like it the better.
12. Jane speaks Chinese as well as, if no better than, any of the other students in her class.
14. It was very late to save the drowning boy, he had gone down for the third time.
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at表示“以„„速度”“以„„价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.
I sold my car at a high price.
2. for表示“用„„交换,以„„为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。
3. by表示“以„„计”,后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month.
Here eggs are sold by weight.
表示材料的介词:of, from, in
1. of成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 2. from成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes.
3. in表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first.
They talk in English.
注意:in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。 请比较:draw in pencil/draw with a pencil。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on
1. by用某种方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较: I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。如:
He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。 注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。 3. on表示“以„„方式”,多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。 表示关于的介词:of, about, on 1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。 He spoke of the film the other day.
2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。 Can you tell me something about yourself?
3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。 It’s a textbook on the history of china.
表原因或理由的介词:for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
1. for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:
I am sorry for what I said to you.
2. at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而„„”。 He was surprised at the news.
3. from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。 He died from the wound. 4. of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。 The old man died of hunger. 5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. He was shaking with anger.
9
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
6. by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。 Her body was bent by age. She took your umbrella by mistake. 7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill. 8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。如: Owing to the rain they could not come.
9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏„„,多亏„„”。如:
Thanks to John, we won the game.
10. out of表示动机的起因,常译为“出于„„”。如: He asked the question out of curiosity. 11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。如: The war was lost through bad organization. 表示好像或当作的介词:like, as
1. like表示“像„„一样”,其实不是。如:
Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 2. as表示“作为,以„„身份”,其实也是。如: He talked to me as a father.
注:as作连词时,可表示“好像„„”。如:The work is not so difficult as you imagine
表示支持或反对的介词:against, for against反对,for支持,互为反义词。如:
Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法? 表示除某人某物外的介词:besides, except
1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除„„外,还”。如:
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外,还有30个学生去看了电影。(他和另外30人都去了)
He is interested in tennis besides(=as well as)football. 2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。如:
Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不)
All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
注意:(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用;若与other连用,只能用besides。如:He had other people to take care of besides me. 除我之外,他还要照顾别人。
(B) except是排除同类;而except for是排除非同类,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加上修正。如:
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误之外,这篇作文整体还是不错的。(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)
但except for也可代替except,特别是在句首时,因为except是不能用于句首的。如: Except George, you can all go. 除乔治外,你们都可以去。 二）介词短语的构成
10
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
1. be + adj. + prep. 2. be + v.-ed + prep. be good at, be afraid of, be anxious about (of), be kind to, be fit for, etc. be satisfied with, be worried about, be surprised at, be pleased at (by) 3. v. + prep. agree with (to / on), apologize for, arrive at (in), believe in, depend on 4. v. + n. + prep. pay attention to, take part in, make use of, have a word with 5. v. + adv. + prep. go on with, go in for, go ahead with, keep up with, make up for 6. prep. + n. + prep. in charge of, in time of, in place of, on top of, at the end (edge) of 7. out of + n. out of breath, out of control, out of date, out of sight, out of work (order) 8. n. + after + n. hour after hour, year after year, battle after battle, defeat after defeat 9. n. + by + n. step by step, side by side, one by one 10. n. + to + n. face to face, heart to heart 11. n. + in + n. hand in hand, arm in arm 12. from + n. + to + from side to side, from place to place, from door to door n. 13. a + n. + of a bit of, a great deal of, a few of, a drop of, a line of 14. with + n. with a long history, with satisfaction (care), with pleasure, with one’s help 15. on + n. on a trip (journey), on a visit (to), on fire, on business, on sale, on watch， on the team, on show, on duty, on foot 16. without + n. without help, without mercy, without delay 17. in + n. in silence, in danger (trouble, surprise, fear), in high spirits 18. as + n. as a matter of fact, as a rule, as a whole 19. by + n. by now (then), by hand, by mistake, by this means, by chance, by the year 20. at + n. at sea, at sunset, at Christmas, at the doctor’s, at the station, at a time 21. for + n. for a moment, for a time, for ever, for example 22. to + n. („ + to ) o one’s delight (joy, surprise), to the east (west), to the right, due to, thanks to, according to, to this day EXERCISE 1 (单选) 1. The home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at
2. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to . A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out 3. Would you slow down a bit, please ? I can’t you.
A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to 4. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard --- ,
11
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
you failed.
A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time 5. production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through
6. She his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked up 7. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some . A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time
8. The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station 5:40 pm at the least.
A. until B. after C. by D. around 9. You’d better some money for special use. A. pick up B. set aside C. put off D. give away
10. Readers can quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through 11. If you keep on , you’ll succeed .
A. in time B. at one time C. on the same time D. on time
12. We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance exams.
A. at B. on C. for D. of
13. --- Will somebody go and get Dr. White ? ---He’s already been . A. asked for B. sent for C. called for D. looked for
14. I was tired climbing up the mountain, and I am tired having the same food every day.
A. from, of B. of, at C. in, of D. at, with
15. Rose was wild with joy the result of the examination. A. to B. at C. by D. as EXERCISE 2 (改错， 每句一错）
1. There are some monkeys on an apple tree on which there are many apples.
2. Water usually freezes when temperature is under zero and ice changes into water again when the temperature rises above zero.
3. Mr. Smith asked the students to retell the story with their own words. 4. In the end he told us the key to his success by winning the first prize. 5. Taiwan is in the east of Fujian and in the southeast of China.
6. In reaching the village, we were warmly welcomed by the villagers. 7. The two girls were in the same age. 8. He drove away to the direction of London.
9. We shouldn’t judge a person with his looks and clothes. 10. She has been teaching in this school from 1960.
12
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
三、并列连词
在英语中，并列句是用并列连词 and, but, so, or, for等连接起来的句子，并列连词连接的两个句子的逻辑关系通过并列连词 and （表并列、顺接关系，意思是“和”、“并且”）、but（表转折、逆接关系，意思为“但是”）、so （表因果关系，意为“因此”、“所以”）、or (表选择、转折关系，意为“或者”、“否则”)、for（表果因关系，意为“因为”、“由于”）、While（表转折、对比关系，意为“然而”）。
并列连词可分为以下六类。 一、语义引申类
and为并列连词，所连接的成分不分主次、轻重，常见于并列句中，表示顺承、递进，也见于“祈使句+and+陈述句”中。
1) Give me a chance，_____ I’ ll give you a wonderful surprise. A. if B. or C. and D. while 常用的该类连词还有both ... and，not only ... but also，neither ... nor，as well as等。 2) _____ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.
A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do
3) This training program can give you a lift at work，____ increase your income by 40%. A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as 二、选择类
or用于并列句中，表示选择。
Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away. 常用的该类连词还有either/whether ... or，not ...but/nor/and neither。
4) Between the two generations，it is often not their age，_____ their education that
causes misunderstanding. A. like B. as C. or D. but 三、转折类
but常用于并列句中表示转折。
5) It’s not easy to change habits，_____ with awareness and self-control，it is possible.
A. for B. or C. but D. so 常用的该类连词还有though，yet等。
6) Lessons can be learned to face the future，_____ history cannot be changed. A. though B. as C. since D. unless
7) Mike was usually so careful，_____ this time he made a small mistake. A. yet B. still C. even D. thus 四、因果类/并列连词用法
（1）for用作并列连词，须用逗号与前一分句隔开，置于句末，表示逻辑推理或补充说明。
13
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
8) 9)
He found it increasingly difficult to read，_____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. and B. for C. but D. or （2）so表示句子前后为因果关系，译作“因此”。
Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，_____ plants can spread to new places. A. so B. or C. for D. but
五、对比类
主要涉及特殊并列连词when/while的用法。
（1）when用作并列连词时，译作“就在那时;突然”，常见于be about to do ... when/hardly ... when/just ... when等句型中。
10) One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away _____ my daughter heard
cries for help. A. after B. while C. since D. when （2）while用作并列连词，表示“两相对照”。
11) There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _____
another man，also intelligent，fails. A. since B. if C. as D. while 六、条件类
（1）or常见于“祈使句+or+陈述句”中，表示正面条件。如：
12) Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs _____ you could have
problems. A. or B. and C. but D. so （2）otherwise用于并列句中，表示反面条件。如： They got two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
上海历年高考真题
形容词、副词
1. What he has done is far from . [2000] A. satisfactory B. satisfied C. satisfaction D. satisfy 2. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move ? [2000] A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far
3. Greenland， island in the world，covers over two million square kilometres.
[2000]
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest 4. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further
we go , ________. [2001]
A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be
14
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
5. As I know, there is ____ car in this neighborhood. [2001] A. no such B. no a C. not such D. no such a
6. We were in ______ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. [2003]
A．a rush so anxious B．a such anxious rush C．so an anxious rush D．such an anxious rush
7. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _____ a native speaker. [2004] A. as fluent as B. more fluent than
C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
8. A typhoon swept across this area with heavy rains and winds __________ strong as
113 miles per hour. [2006] A. too B. very C. so D. as 9. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ______ of my friends. [2007] A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully
10. In my view, London's not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ______in
traffic. [2008] A. the most organized B. more organized
C. so organized as D. as organized as
11. The Great Wall is ____ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
[2009] A. so a well-known B. a so well-known
C. such well-known D. such a well-known
12. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only
travelled the local market. [2010]
A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as
13. _________you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
[2010]
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
14. When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they
had managed with ______ money. [2011] A. so few B. such few C. so little D. such little
15. It’s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century. [2013] A. charming French small B. French small charming C. small French charming D. charming small French
16. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ they
might have. [2013]
A. however difficult B. how difficult C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty
介词
15
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
17. I know nothing about the young lady she is from Beijing. [2000] A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides
18. The sunlight came in _____ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. [2001] A. through B. across C. on D. over
19. Marie Curie took little notice the honours that were given to her in her later
year. [2002春] A. of B. on C. about D. from
20. The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism ______ the wildlife in
the area. [2003]] A．in B．on C．at D．with
21. The accident is reported to have occurred __________ the first Sunday in February.
[2004] A. at B. on C. in D. to
22. John became a football coach in Sealion Middle School the beginning of
March. [2005J A．on B．for C．with D．at 23. --- It’s a top secret. --- Yes, I see. I will keep the secret __________ you and me. [2006] A. with B. around C. among D. between
24. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ________ size and shape.
[2007] A. on B. from C. by D. in
25. The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______winning the match by shaking
hands. [2008] A. with B. on C. in D. to
26. Four Chinese models were ______ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the
World Supermodel Competition. [2009]
A. among B. between C. along D. beside
27. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours
every day. [2010] A. between B. along C. below D. with 28. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.
[2011] A. through B. up C. with D. from
29. passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative
thinking. [2012] A. For B. Without C. Beneath D. By 30. — I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?
— How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city. [2013] A. by B. beyond C. within D. from
16
奉城高级中学2016届高三英语复习
P6-8
1） C 2)B
EXERCISE 1 （单选）
1-6 (DABABD) 7-13 (BDDDBCA) 14-19 (CBDCBD) EXERCISE 2 (改错，每句一错） 1. (so good that) 9. (is especially) 2. (was really calm) 10. ( than usual) 3. (arrive late) 11. ( meet directly after) 4. ( the most capable of) 12. (if not better) 5. ( very much) 13. (dead) 6. (go high enough) 14. ( too late ) 7. (could hardly understand) 15. (the better one) 8. (has not yet decided)
P11-8
EXERCISE 1 (单选)
1-7 (CDACCAB) 8-15 (CBCABBAB) EXERCISE 2 (改错， 每句一错） 1. ( in an apple tree) 2. (below zero) 3. ( in their words) 4. (in winning) 5. (to the east)
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. (On reaching) (at the same) ( in the direction) (by his looks) (since 1960)
P 13
1) -6) C D A D C A 7)-12) A B A D D A 上海历年高考真题
1-5 ABDCA 6-10 DCDDB 11-15 DDCCD 16-20 CCAAB 21-25BDDDB 26-30 ABAAC
17
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容