I’m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today’s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.
Why are America’s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation—brought on by high divorce rates and less
involvement in community, among other things—and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.
Given that we can’t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.
At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.
To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.
Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It’s not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.
Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn’t have to ruin your life.
21. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people’s state of mind are ________.
A) surprising B) confusing C) illogical D) questionable
22. What does the author mean when he says, “we can’t turn the clock back” (Line 1, Para. 3)?
A) It’s impossible to slow down the pace of change. B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed. C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten. D) It’s impossible to forget the past.
23. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago ________.
A) were less isolated physically B) were probably less self-centered C) probably suffered less from anxiety D) were considered less individualistic
24. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ________.
A) to provide them with a safer environment B) to lower their expectations for them C) to get them more involved socially
D) to set a good model for them to follow
25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.
B) Children’s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated. C) Children’s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care. D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature. 参考答案： DBCCA
The process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. \"She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt. \" More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint (强调 ) his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance.
ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with
the known others' behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person's responses to specific stimuli (刺激因素) , asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person—question, self-disclosures, and so on.
Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well(e. g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e. g. disclosures and truthful statement).
21. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in
A. what he wears B. how tall he is
C. how happy he is D. what color he dyes his hair
22. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because_______.
A. some people are more emotional than others
B. some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another person
C. some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other people's attitudes
D. some people choose to keep to themselves
23. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because_______.
A. we don't accept the idea that we might never fully know another person B. we often get information in a casual and inexact way
C. we pay more attention to other people's motivations and emotions ? 62 ? D. we often have face-to-face conversation with him
24. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are
A. disclosures B. deceptions C. stimuli D. interactions
25. This passage mainly concerns_______.
A. the relationship between people B. the perception of other people C. secrets and deceptions of people D. people's attitudes and characters
参考答案：
21. C 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. B
As the 11 of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often 12 to be. A certain amount of stress is 13 to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor 14 and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can 15 depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are 16 prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of 17 difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between \"fight\" or \"flight\" and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so 18 , but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued 19 to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot 20 stress from our
lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could) , we need to find ways to deal with it.
A. cancel B. pace C. extreme D. automatically E. remove F. vital G. performance H. supposed I. rate J. exposure K. achievement L. unusual M obviously N withstand O harsh 参考答案：
11. B 12. H 13. F 14. G 15. N 16. M 17. L 18. C 19. J 20. E
In the early days of nuclear power, the United States make money on it. But today opponents (反对者 ) have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.
The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor \"meltdown\". Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don't expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.
The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court.
Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.
A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York's Long Island.
Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-60's. Millstone, completed for $ 101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $ 5 billion and delayed its use for many years.
Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start up, used his power to force New York's public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. I'oday, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting.
21.The author's attitude toward the development of nuclear power is______. A. negative B. neutral C. positive D. questioning
22.What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?
A. The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission. B. The enormous cost of construction and operation. C. The length of time it takes to make investigations. D. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power. 23.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that______.
A. there are not enough safety measures in the U. S. for running new nuclear power plants
B. it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the U. S.
C. there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S. D. the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the U. S.
24. Governor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in proposing the settlement was to_______.
A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operation
B. urge the power company to further increase its power supply C. permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions D. help the power company to solve its financial problems 25. The phrase \"single out\" is closest in meaning to_______. A. delay B. end up C. complete D. separate 参考答案：
21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D
Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease
substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agriculture chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be lessened. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes \"prior to\" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents (废料) , to permit the reuse of the water or best reduce pollution upon final disposal.
A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient (养料 ) or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry
processing plants, are currently converting former waste production into marketable byproducts. Other industries have potential economic uses for their waste products.
26. The purpose of this passage is_______.
A. to warn the reader of the dwindling water supply B. to explain industrial uses of water
C. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems外语学习网 D. to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem ich of the following points is not included in the passage?
A. Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.
B. Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water.
C. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population. D. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals. The reader can conclude that_______.
A. countries of the world will work together on pollution problems B. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace C. science is making great progress on increasing water supplieswww.examw.com
D. some industries are now making economic use of wastes
The author gives substance to the passage through the use of_______. A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controls
B. opinion and personal observations C. definitions which clarify important terms D. strong argument and persuasions
The words \"prior to\" (Para. 2) probably mean_______. A. after B. during C. before D. beyond 参考答案：
26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested inspelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportantas a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or howmuch _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. Theproblem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use ofdictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing abouta personal experience ：“ This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible( 难以辨认的 ).” It may have been a sharp__8__ of
the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omittedto read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s deePfeelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centredon the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would havegiven the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement.
A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearly E)adventurous F)discourage G)motivation H)terrible I)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressed M)confidently N)bright O)motive 参考答案：
1. I 2. A 3. M 4. N 5. E 6. K 7. H 8. B 9. C 10. G
Anne Whitney, a sophomore (大学二年级学生) at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. \"I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher. \" Another student in biology had similar experiences. He said, \"My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn't even write them down!\"
These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.
Special university advising courses try to help students. In these courses, advisors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show (heir anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with (heir tensions. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
An expert ? at the University of California explains, \" With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great. \"
26. To \"blank out\" is probably______.
A. to be like a blanket B. to be sure of an answer
C. to be unable to think clearly D. to show knowledge to the teacher
27. Poor grades are usually the result of______. A. poor sleeping habit B. laziness
C. lack of sleep D. inability to form good study habits 28. Test anxiety has been recognized as______.
A. an excuse for laziness B. the result of poor study habits C. a real problem D. something that cannot be changed 29. To deal with this problem, students say they want to______. A. take a short course on anxiety B. read about anxiety
C. be able to manage or understand their anxiety D. take tests to prove they are not anxious 30. A University of California advisor said______.
A. all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program
B. almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California advising course
C. students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety course
D. students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California advising course
参考答案：
26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B
Life Is a Test. It Is Only a Test
One of my favorite posters1 says, “ Life is a test. It is only a test. Had this been a real life you would have been instructed where to go and what to do.” Whenever I think of this humorous bit of wisdom2, it reminds me to not take my life so seriously.
When you look at life and its many challenges as a test, or series of tests, you begin to see each issue you face as an opportunity to grow, a chance to discover more about life. Whether you're being bombarded(攻击;质问) with problems,responsibilities,even insurmountable(不能克服的，不能超越的) difficulties, when looked at as a test, you always have a chance to succeed, in the sense of rising above that which is challenging you. If, on the other hand, you see each new issue you face as a serious battle that must be won in order to survive, you're probably in for a very rocky6 journey. The only time you're likely to be happy is when everything is working out just right. And we all know how often that happens.
As an experiment, see if you can apply this idea to something you are forced to deal with. Perhaps you have much pressure from your parents or you have a demanding7 boss. See if you can redefine the issue you face from being a “ problem” to being a test. Rather than8 struggling with your issue, see if there is something you can learn from it. Ask yourself, “ Why is this an issue in my life?
What would it mean and what would be involved to rise above it? Could I possibly look at this issue any differently? Can I see it as a test of some kind?”
If you give this strategy a try you may be surprised at your changed responses. It has become far more acceptable to me to accept things as they are.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage above.
1.According to the passage,what is the author's attitude towards life? A.He takes his life seriously. B.He considers life as test.
C.He knows where to go and what to do. B.He thinks life is full of humorous wisdom.
2.When you begin to consider life as a test,you will find _____. A.you are bombarded with problems and responsibilities B.the result of the test is so good that you are delighted C.you have many opportunities to grow
D.you have to go to school to take tests everyday
3.Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the author? A.When you look at life as a test,you have a chance to overcome problems you face.
B.When you take life seriously,you are more likely to succeed and become happy.
C.When you see each problem as a serious battle,you have more chance to survive.
D.When everything is working out just right,you can know how often it happens.
4.It is implied from the passage that you'd better look at life as a test when_____.
A.you try to get the meaning of the poster B.your parents give you much pressure C.you are carrying out an experiment D.you are in a rocky journey
5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A.My Favorite Poster B.Take Life Seriously C.Face Challenge of Life D.Life Is Only A Test 文章精要：
议论文。本文作者建议人们将生活看成一个测验，以更好地应对生活中的种种困难和挫折。
斟词酌句：
demanding adj.过分要求的，苛求的
To be a CEO of a big company is a real demanding job. 当大公司的执行总裁真的是一件费力的工作。
指点迷津：
Had this been a real life you would have been instructed where to go and what to do. 本句用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。句中省略了连词if.在书面语中条件从句可以不用连词if，只须将谓语中的过去式had移至主语之前即可。
2.Whether you're being bombarded with (problems,responsibilities,even insurmountable difficulties), when looked at as a test, you always have a chance to succeed, in the sense of rising above that [which is challenging you].本句的主干是you always have a chance to succeed.whether和when分别引导让步和时间状语从句。注意looked在此处是一个省略用法，相当于they are looked.方括号里的从句是that的定语。句中“in the sense of”表示“从某种意义上来说(你总有机会成功)”。
试题精析：
选B.本题为观点态度推断题。文中第一段第一句说作者“最喜欢的标语上写着：生活是个测验”，这句话暗示了作者的生活态度。
2.选C.本题为主要细节正误题。第二段第一句说“you begin to see each issue you face as an opportunity to grow”，选项C与其意思一致。
3.选A.本题为文章细节正误题。第二段第二句“……in the sense of rising above that which is challenging you”中的“rise above”与A选项中的“overcome”相呼应。
4.选D.本题为主要细节正误题。A选项与题干无关;C选项过于牵强；D选项在文中并无相应论述；从第三段第二句“Perhaps you have much pressure from your parents……”可知，B选项正确。
5.选D.本题为主旨归纳题。A选项只在文章开头出现，后面就未再提及；B选项与原文意思相反；C选项和D选项相比，后者更加切题。
Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, and so on.
For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become __2__ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.
Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of
comprehension which is __5__ in the text. The latter represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.
There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as __8__ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well __10__. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.
A)opposed B)converse
C)equally D)written E)developed F)strategies G)compared H)awake I)higher J)expectations K)deal L)absolutely M)aware N)better O)further 参考答案： 1. O 2. M 3. J 4. B 5. D 6. I 7. C 8. A
9. F 10.E
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激 ) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger
holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades.
In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)monetary K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent 参考答案：
1. L 2. I 3. F 4. J 5. G 6. M 7. C 8. H 9. N 10. B
A lot of animals are afraid during an eclipse1 of the sun. Birds stop singing. Sometimes people too are afraid. Astronomers2 know the dates of eclipses and they are not afraid. The old astronomers of Babylon and Egypt had no telescopes3; but the sky in those countries is usually clear，and so they could watch the stars easily. They studied everything in the sky and they also noticed both total and partial eclipses.
Because they knew the dates of eclipses，they had great power. People believed that the sky was important. They believed that an eclipse could kill a man.
About 2500 years ago there was a very long war. One battle followed another， and the end never came. During one of the battles， there was a partial
eclipse of the sun. The day got very dark，and the soldiers on both sides were filled with fear. They believed that the gods were angry. So they stopped fighting，and ended their long war.
The sun is a star. It appears to be bigger than any other star. That is because it is near us; but the other stars are far away. The sun shines because it is very hot，but the moon shines because it reflects the sun's light. It is like a big mirror. If we visited the moon，we should see the earth. It is also like a mirror and it reflects the light of the sun.
Does the sun ever get dark during the day? It does so when the moon hides it. Sometimes the moon goes in front of the sun. We can watch its edge when it slowly crosses the sun's disc5. Everything gets darker and darker; then，at last，we cannot see any part of the sun's disc. The moon is hiding it completely. That is a total eclipse of the sun; sometimes only part of the sun's disc is hidden; that is not a total eclipse. It is a partial eclipse of the sun.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage above. The passage is mainly about____. A.the old astronomers B.eclipse of the sun
C.the eclipses in Babylon and Egypt
D.the correlation between the sun and the earth 2.We can conclude from the passage that_____. A.all people are afraid of eclipse of the sun
B.the old astronomers could watch the stars easily with telescopes C.the old astronomers had mo interest in the sky D.the date of eclipse could be forecast
3.The war mentioned in the third paragraph ended because_____. A.the astronomers used their great power to stop it B.an eclipse killed the soldiers on both sides
C.the war took so long time that the soldiers felt tired
D.a partial eclipse of the sun happened during one of the battles 4.Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.The sun is very hot because it shines. B.The moon can shine because it is a star.
C.Other stars appear to be smaller than the sun because they are far away. D.The earth cannot reflect the light of the sun because it isn't a real mirror. 5.It can be concluded that an eclipse of the sun happens because_____. A.the moon passes between the sun and the earth B.the sun gets dark during the day C.the earth's shadow falls on the moon D.no light from the sun can reach the moon 文章精要：
说明文。本文首先介绍了日食对动物和人类的影响，然后解释了日食发生的原因。 斟词酌句：
eclipse n./vt. (日、月)食;(地位、声誉登的)消失，黯然失色
Our happiness was eclipsed by the terrible news. 我们的快乐被可怕的消息蒙上了一层阴影。
试题解析：
选B.本题为主旨归纳题。本文主要介绍了日食对动物和人类的影响以及日食发生的原因，都和日食有关。所以选B.
2.选D.本题为推断题。原文第一段说“Astronomers know the dates of eclipses……”，由此可知，日食发生的日期可以推测出。
3.选D.本题为主要细节题。从第三段可知，日偏食发生后，双方士兵以为天神发怒了，“So they stopped fighting,and ended their long war.”，所以D选项是战争结束的原因。
4.选C.本题为文章细节正误题。第四段说“It appears to be bigger than any other star.That is because it is near us;but the other stars are far away.”，由此可知他星球看上去比太阳小是因为它们离我们很遥远。
5.选A.本题为主要细节正误题。聪最后一段可知，当月亮在地球和太阳之间，遮挡住太阳时，太阳就变黑了，这称为日食，所以A选项为正确答案。B选项为干扰项，它只是日食的现象，而不是原因。
The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such \"extended\" families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But
such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called \"nuclear\" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of
eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.
A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transport E)elemental
F)conflict G)continually H)mobile I)couples J)agricultural K)including L)compromise M)requires N)primary O)consisting
参考答案：
1. 选J)。此处应填形容词，修饰名次societies。文章第一句就说The typical pre-industrial family...“工业化之前的典型家庭模式......”， 即“extended\" family存在于工业化之前的社会，即agricultural society。故J)正确。选项中的primary”最初的，原始的“不符合原文意思。
2. 选A)。由be hard to do sth.可知，此处应填动词原形。They are immobile“这样的家庭很难流动”，这说明这样的家庭are hard to...，选项中由transplant和transport两个动词原形，前者指的是“迁居，迁移”，后者指的是运输，不难推断前者符合原文意思，故A)transplant正确。3. 选C)。因为这句话的句子结构完整，固此处应填副词。选项中的副词有gradually和continually,原文中...and the so-called \"nuclear\" family emerged.所谓的“核心家庭”便出现了“，emerge的意思是“浮现\" ，强调经过一个过
程后出现的。由此可以判断，这句话坏死说明核心家庭从无到有逐渐出现，而不是连续不断地出现，故选择C)gradually
4. 选O)。该句可拆分理解，即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children \"一个家庭单元......父母和不多的孩子“，由此可以推出这里要填的词是表示”包含，由......组成“的。选项中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of为固定刺诸，故O)为正确答案。
5. 选H)。从原文中的more...than可知，此处应填形容词，构成形容词的比较级结构。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比旧的因该是更有流动性，故应选H)mobile，说明新型的家庭模式的优点。
6. 选M)。此处应填动词，作这句话的谓语。Super-industrialism“(更发达的)超级工业化”......更具流动性的家庭。可推知空格处应填表示“需要，需求”的词。requires表示出自一种迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明显选择M)requires。
7. 选E)。此处应填形容词，用来修饰名词components。文中说明家庭被减缩到最......的成员，即由男人和女人组成，男人和女人是一个家庭最基本的成员。选项中的E)elemental“基本的，本质的”，而N)primary“主要的，最早的”，原文强调的是男人和女人是一个家庭最basic的组成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。
8.选l)。此处应填名词。上段说两人家庭的优点，本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”，说明晚要孩子是解决工作和孩子的折中的办法，故选项中的L)compromise“妥协，折中”符合文意。而solution虽然也表示解决办法，但不能表达夫妇们无可奈何的心情，故排除。
9.选F)。上题中已提到工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾即conflict，根据上下文意思，这个题相对容易。
10.选I)。这段一直在说一个家庭里男人和女人因为工作和要孩子的事情发生争吵，那么将来要解决这个问题的仍然是家庭中的夫妻两人，故这里应填I)couples。
导读：
The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such \"extended\" families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family=\"extended\" family)，第一段说明工业化前的大家庭模式的特点：很难流动。)
Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called \"nuclear\" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(第二段与第一段形成对比，说明
industrialism“工业化”要求家庭必须流动，导致大家庭变得越来越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成员：男人和女人。)
A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. (最后一段说明工业化背景下，参加工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾。)
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