[大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 大学英语四级分类模拟题114 Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. The ability to see words on either side of the point at which your eyes focus is called peripheral vision (外围视觉). Foreign students of English often feel that it is impossible to recognize so many words at a single 1 or within a short time. It is difficult for many 2 speakers too, but it can be done. It is something that has to be done if you are to read as 3 as you should. You can increase your peripheral vision 1 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 by eye exercises. Equally important is the importance of moving your eyes from point to point in a uniform rhythm. Slow reading often 4 from regression, the number of times your eyes have to go back. While practising to increase your peripheral vision and uniform rhythm, you may 5 have to reread. Do not get 6 . A smooth, forward rhythm comes with practice. 7 your speed will get to the point where your eyes move comfortably forward without regression. A final 8 of slow reading is forming the sounds of each word, even though you might not speak them aloud. The 9 American native speaks English at 180 to 200 words a minute. If you read each word in 10 , it is impossible to read faster than this. Reading 200 words a minute is a dangerously slow speed. A. average B. eventually C. results D. column E. discouraged F. rapidly G. subsequent It. glance I. mind J. scratched K. process L. native M. occasionally N. cause O. offends 2 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 1. 答案:H[解析] 此处应该是名词，可与介词at搭配。根据上文impossible to recognize so many words及与其并列的within a short time，可以推断该名词表示的是很短的时间，因此glance为正确答案。at a glance意为“瞥一眼”。 2. 答案:L[解析] 此处需要的是形容词。根据上文foreign students及本句中的too等词，可以推断本句讨论的是说母语的人，即native speakers。 3. 答案:F[解析] 此处应该是副词，作状语修饰动词read。根据上文说到的阅读习惯，可以推断此处讨论的是如何才能快速阅读，因此rapidly是正确答案。 4. 答案:C[解析] 此处应该是第三人称单数动词，与from搭配构成该句的谓语。该句提到的是阅读速度慢与回看之间的关系，由此可推断该动词应为results。result from意为“由……严生”。 5. 答案:M[解析] 此处应该是副词，修饰have to reread。结合上文语义，可知该词应表明需要重新阅读的频率，只有occasionally适合。 6. 答案:E[解析] 此处应该是形容词或动词的过去分词，作get的表语。 3 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 根据上一句中的reread及下一句，可以推断作者建议人们不要泄气或沮丧，该词应该表消极意义，因此答案是discouraged。 7. 答案:B[解析] 此处应为副词，作该句的状语。从上文来看，本段讨论了如何才能加快阅读速度，该句是一个总结，缺了的副词应是一个表总结的副词，只有eventually适合。 8. 答案:N[解析] 此处应为名词。该句是第3段的主题句，final一词表明这一段与前两段并列，分析的都是造成阅读速度缓慢的原因，即cause。 9. 答案:A[解析] 此处应为形容词。表明普通的美国本土人说话的速度，因此只有average最合适。 10. 答案:I[解析] 此处应该是名词，作介词in的宾语。根据前文even though you might not speak them aloud，可以推断该句指在心里读出每个单词，因此答案为mind。 Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the 4 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 paragraph from which the information is derived. You may Choose a paragraph more than once. GPS A The Global Positioning System is a space-based triangulation system using satellites and computers to measure positions anywhere on earth. It is first and foremost a defense system developed by the United States Department of Defense, and is referred to as the \"Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System\" or NAVSTAR GPS. The uniqueness of this navigational system is that it avoids the limitations of other land-based systems such as limited geographic coverage, lack of continuous 24-hour coverage, and the limited accuracies of other related navigational instruments. The high accuracies obtainable with the Global Positioning System also make it a precision survey instrument. GPS Components: the Space Segment, the Control Segment, and the User Segment. B The Space Segment of the system consists of the GPS satellites. These space vehicles (SVs) send radio signals from space. The GPS Operational Constellation consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12 hours. There are often more than 24 operational satellites as new ones are launched to 5 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 replace older satellites. The satellite orbits repeat almost the same ground track (as the earth turns beneath them) once each day. The orbit altitude is such that the satellites repeat the same track and area over any point approximately each 24 hours (4 minutes earlier each day). There are six orbital planes (with four SVs in each), equally spaced (60 degrees apart), and inclined at about fifty-five degrees with respect to the equatorial (赤道的) plane. This constellation provides the user with between five and eight SVs visible from any point on the earth. C The Control Segment consists of a system of tracking stations located around the world. The Master Control facility is located at Schriever Air Force Base (formerly Falcon AFB) in Colorado. These monitor stations measure signals from the SVs which are incorporated into orbital models for each satellites. The models compute precise orbital data and SV clock corrections for each satellite. The Master Control station uploads orbital data and clock data to the SVs. The SVs then send subsets of the orbital ephemeris (星历表) data to GPS receivers over radio signals. D The GPS User Segment consists of the GPS receivers and the user community. GPS receivers change SV signals into 6 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 position, speed, and time estimates. Four satellites are required to compute the four dimensions of X, Y, Z (position) and Time. GPS receivers are used for navigation, positioning, time distribution, and other research. Navigation in three dimensions is the primary function of GPS. Navigation receivers are made for aircraft, ships, ground vehicles, and for hand carrying by individuals. Precise positioning is possible using GPS receivers at reference locations providing corrections and relative positioning data for remote receivers. Surveying, geodetic control, and plate tectonic studies are examples. E Time and frequency distribution, based on the precise clocks on board the SVs and controlled by the monitor stations, is another use for GPS. Astronomical observatories, telecommunications facilities, and laboratory standards can be set to precise time signals or controlled to accurate frequencies by special purpose GPS receivers. Research projects have used GPS signals to measure atmospheric parameters. F At present the system consists of 24 satellites at an altitude of about 20,000 km having an orbital inclination of 55 degrees. The orbits are almost circular and it takes 12 hours 7 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 for a satellite to complete a pass around the Earth. GPS signals are broadcast from a cluster of 24 or more earth orbiting satellites. Because the GPS signals are derived from the atomic frequency standards on board each satellite, they are widely used as a reference for time synchronization and frequency adjustment. The real time positioning accuracy of a single receiver is normally up to 100 meters horizontally and 150 meters vertically. However, various methods have been developed which enable much higher accuracy (centimeter level). G There are a variety of different types of GPS receivers on the market for commercial and public use. Prices range from $500 to $30,000, reflecting the accuracy and capabilities of the instruments. For the general outdoorsman, a good GPS receiver should have 8 satellite tracking capability and be capable of receiving the GPS satellite signals through forest covering in northern Ontario shield area; for the professional user, a minimum 8 satellite tracking capability, high memory capacity, differential GPS capability, and resistance to signal weakening under forest covering is essential; for the professional surveyor requiring high level precision and accuracy capability, they should assess the project or 8 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 application for which the technology is to be used with the help of an unbiased consultant, in order to determine the most cost effective and appropriate instrument. H Small hand held navigational units at relatively low cost allow boaters and hikers to know their position within a few hundred meters. This accuracy is sufficient for recreational use. A hand held or similar mapping unit at mid-range price that is linked to a fixed broadcast base station. These units allow utility companies, municipalities and others to locate various items (telephone poles, waterlines, valves) with a positional tolerance of several meters. This is suitable for some Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping purposes. I GPS technology offers numerous benefits to law enforcement agencies of all types. For some agencies, the navigational capabilities offered by GPS enhance efficiency and safety. These navigational applications can be used to support a variety of policing and criminal justice functions. Other agencies use GPS positioning technologies to carry out special operations or to provide enhanced personnel safety. For example, using computerized maps of their rights given by law, cooperated with GPS, aviation personnel can determine location, speed and time. 9 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 J The positioning capabilities offered by GPS may also contribute to the success of specialized law enforcement operations such as in controlling vehicles. One such program operated in Minneapolis led to a 60% reduction in auto theft after only one month. The automatic vehicle location systems can not only provide efficiency of response and help ensure officer safety, but also provide officer with accurate information concerning the best response route to an incident. What's more, they can provide officers information that allows the closest patrol officers to be dispatched to a particular incident. K Advanced Transportation Management Systems (ATMS) are heavily dependant upon GPS technology to provide data about the road system. GPS allows for law enforcement personnel to clear roadway blockages to ensure the safety of motorist. Most people associate law enforcement with the prevention, reduction, and prosecution of criminal activity. In fact, a large portion of local law enforcement resources are involved in facilitating the movement of people and vehicles in a safe manner. In conclusion, large-volume commercial applications such as cellular phones, personal communication systems, and in-vehicle navigation systems 10 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 will fuel continued development of these technologies. What was ultimately the domain of the Department of Defense is rapidly becoming available for business, private, and general government use. Policing and public safety in general, will benefit from these market forces. It is clear that there are a number of GPS applications for policing. 1. For recreational use, the accuracy of a hand held GPS unit at relatively low price is good enough. 答案:H[解析] 根据accuracy和hand held定位到H段，该段第2句的This accuracy指的就是第1句中的相对低成本的小型手提式设备的准确度，题目中的good enough是对原文sufficient的同义改写，故选H。 2. With the help of GPS, aviation personnel can determine location, speed and time. 答案:I[解析] 根据题目的关键信息location，speed and time可定位到I段，该段提到航空人员在全球定位系统的帮助之下能确定位置、速度和时间，故本题答案为I。 3. The primary function of GPS is navigation in three dimensions. 答案:D[解析] 根据关键词three dimensions定位到D段。该段第5句提到三维导航是GPS的主要功能，题目意思与此一致，故选D。 4. Limited geographic coverage, lack of continuous 24-hour 11 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 coverage, and the limited accuracies are the disadvantages of other navigational instruments. 答案:A[解析] 根据题目中比较显眼的24-hour coverage可定位到A段。该段第3句所指明的全球定位系统的独特之处，对应的就是本题所说的其他导航工具的缺点，故选A。 5. The prices of various GPS receivers are determined by their accuracy and capabilities. 答案:G[解析] 根据本题的对象GPS receivers定位到H段，该段第2句的分词结构reflecting明确表明不同价位反映出相应的准确度和性能，意即准确度和性能决定了接收器的价格，故选G。 6. The Space Segment of GPS consists of many GPS satellites, which send radio signals from space. 答案:B[解析] A段最后一句表明全球定位系统的组成包括空间部分、监控部分和用户部分，接下来应讲。故本题答案应在空间部分，B段主要讲空间部分，该段第1、2句结合起来即为题目内容。 7. Many transportation management systems depend heavily on GPS technology, which helps to clear roadway blockages. 答案:K[解析] 根据关键词transportation management system定位到K段。该段第1、2句结合起来即为题目意思，故选K。 8. Thanks to the GPS system, the auto theft rate in Minneapolis had been reduced by sixty percent in the first 12 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 month. 答案:J[解析] 根据地点词Minneapolis可迅速定位到J段第2句，该句开头的One such program指的是GPS program，该句意为GPS系统让汽车偷窃案件降低了60%，题目意思与此相符，故选J。 9. As GPS can be used for time and frequency distribution, many research projects have used it to measure atmospheric parameters. 答案:E[解析] 根据关键词time and frequency distribution可定位到E段。结合该段第一句和最后一句的内容即为本题意思。 10. The highest positioning accuracy of a receiver can now reach centimeter-level. 答案:F[解析] 根据题目的highest positioning accuracy，centimeter-level定位到F段的最后一句，该句表明最高准确度已经可以达到厘米水平，题目意思与此相符，故选F。 Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice. Passage One 13 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology (意识形态) that biology is destiny (命运). According to the ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex—both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman's place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play care-taker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are \"dependents\". The idea also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women's domestic role. Informal distinctions between \"women's work\" and \"men's work\" in the labor force, 14 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes. Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is much evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned. But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable. 1. \"Biology is destiny\" in the first sentence means that ______. A.biological differences determine sex roles B.one's sex is determined before his/her birth C.human cannot control their own fate D.human beings can't change their sex 答案:A[解析] 词义推断题。根据第1句可知，这个说法应与本句开 15 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 头的sex prejudices相关，另外，第2,3句是对“biology is destiny”这种意识形态的解释，对比四个选项，只有选项A是与“胜别偏见”有关的，因此是正确答案。 2. Jobs such as nursing and teaching are considered suitable for women because ______. A.women are physically and emotionally weaker B.men are not suited for such jobs C.such jobs grow out of their position in the home D.distinctions are made between \"women's work\" and \"men's work\" 答案:C[解析] 事实细节题。根据第2段第3句，可知选项C是本句说法的近义替换。本题最具干扰性的是选项A，该选项出现在第1段，用于解释为何女性更适合承担家庭内的责任，因此，它并不是针对本题的直接原因，故不能选。 3. The author most probably believes role differences exist because ______. A.there are biological and psychological differences between the sexes B.men and women can make different contributions to society C.men and women must survive in cooperation D.men and women acquire them from their cultures 答案:D[解析] 推理判断题。根据第3段结尾句可以推断出答案。选 16 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 项A并非是作者的观点，选项B颠倒了因果关系，选项C虽然是事实但并非此问题的原因。 4. Which of the following can sum up the main idea of the whole passage? A.Is Biology Destiny? B.An Important Ideology. C.Differences between the Sexes. D.Sex Roles. 答案:D[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讨论了男女两种性别的不同社会角色。本题最具干扰性的是选项A，事实上，作者并没有对“biology is destiny(生理决定命运)”这一观点提出质疑，只是客观地陈述这一观点，故选项A不对。选项B不够准确，意义太模糊，选项C只是本文讨论的一部分。 5. The author looks at sex-defined roles with ______. A.enthusiastic approval B.partial acceptance C.strong disagreement D.bitter criticism 答案:B[解析] 观点态度题。文章第3段倒数第2句是一个以It引导的主语从句，虽然这句话表明sex-defined roles这种观点不正确，但最后一段却表明作者在某种程度上接受这种说法，对照这两方面的态度，可见作者对sex-defined roles既不完全赞成，也不完全反对， 17 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 由此可推断B为正确选项。 Passage Two Six years ago, a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed two men standing together. Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building. Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen the two suspects, and could possibly describe them. In an interview with police, her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear. Several days later, psychologist Ronald P. Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete account from the woman. Fisher's interview produced a breakthrough (突破)—the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects. She then recalled several details about his appearances. This information gave police important leads that enabled them to arrest the suspects and close the case. Police investigators sought the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive (认知的) interview, a kind of memory-rebuilding process. In its original form, the cognitive interview focuses on guiding 18 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events, reporting everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected, retelling events in a variety of time orders, beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward, and adopting different perspectives while recalling events. Usually, an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions. The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions. The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different perspectives. Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same. 1. What is the purpose of this passage? A.To give an account of a murder case in an office. B.To explain why Fisher was invited to a police interview. 19 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 C.To describe how cognitive method helps the woman to recall. D.To give the readers an idea of cognitive interview. 答案:D[解析] 主旨大意题。全文的关键词the cognitive interview (the interview)虽然并未在文章一开头就出现，但在以后的段落中反复出现，因此选项D能概括本文主题。选项A是第1段涉及的内容，只是本文的引子；选项B是第2段所涉及的内容；选项C是作者为了介绍cognitive interview而使用的例子，并非全文的目的。 2. The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more by ______. A.strengthening her memory B.giving her encouragement C.rebuilding her memory D.giving her more time 答案:C[解析] 推理判断题。根据第3段第1句逗号后的结构可推断出答案。选项B在倒数第2段第1句提及，但“鼓励”只是认知访谈的第一个步骤，所以不符合题意。选项A和D文章没有提及。 3. It can be inferred from the passage that in a cognitive interview, the interviewer mainly plays a ______ role. A.directing B.questioning C.passive D.secondary 20 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 答案:A[解析] 推理判断题。从第3段第1句提到的conducting和第2句中的guiding两个词看来，可知认知访谈中访问者主要是引导受访者，也就是选项A。倒数第2段第1句rather than后的分句已说明受访者不只是回答问题，所以可以推断选项B错误。文中虽有提及受访者要play an active role，但并不等于说访问者是被动或次要角色，故选项C和D不对。 4. What is the key point of the cognitive interview? A.The interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time. B.The witness is encouraged to take an active role in recalling information. C.The interview should take place outside the police station. D.The witness should recall details at the scene of the event. 答案:B[解析] 事实细节题。文章第4段第1句明确指出了答案，选项A与该段第2句相悖，选项C和D在文中并未提及。 5. Police trained in the cognitive interview method can ______. A.get more information from the witness than before B.decrease the error rate C.solve the cases more quickly D.use the method more skillfully than the psychologists 答案:A[解析] 事实细节题。本题考查复合句的理解。最后一段是一个宾语从句，该宾语从句表明选项A正确，而包含在宾语从句中的并 21 / 22 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题114 列分句(由while连接)可证明选项B的信息都不准确。选项C和D在文中都没有相关信息。 22 / 22
