语言学导论课程学习要点

Chapter 1

linguistics

language

prescriptive vs. descriptive

synchronic vs. diachronic

speech and writing

langue and parole

competence and performance

Design features of language

----arbitrariness

----productivity

----duality

----displacement

----cultural transmission

Chapter 2

phonetics

three branches of phonetics

classification of consonants

classification of English vowels

phonology

phone

phoneme

allophone

difference between phonetics and phonology

Chapter 3

morphology

morpheme

derivational morpheme

inflectional morpheme

derivation

compounds

Chapter 4

garden path sentence

wh-movement

D-structure (deep structure)

surface structure

clipping

Chapter 5

semantics

The naming theory

The conceptualist view

Contextualism

Behaviorism

sense and reference

Major sense relations

----synonymy

----polysemy

----homonymy

----hyponymy

----antonymy

componential analysis

predication analysis

Chapter 6

pragmatics

context

sentencs meaning vs. utterance meaning

locutionary act

illocutionary act

perlocutionary act

five types of illocutionary speech acts specified by Searle

Cooperative Principle (CP)

----the maxim of quantity

----the maxim of quality

----the maxim of relation

----the maxim of manner

Chapter 7

historical linguistics

acronym

blend

semantic shift

Chapter 8

sociolinguistics

sociolect

idiolect

standard dialect

pidgin

creole

diglossia

bilingualism

speech community

language variety

regional dialect

features of Black English

ethnic dialect

linguistic repertoire

Halliday’s register theory

register

Chapter 9

culture

acculturation

assimilation

amalgamation

linguistic imperialism

Sapir and Whorf Hypothesis (SWH)

Chapter 10

language acquisition

linguistic acquisition device (LAD)

Universal Grammar

critical period hypothesis

Chapter 11

modified input

Interlanguage

intake

interlingual errors

intralingual errors

SLA

negative transfer

positive transfer

input hypothesis

language aptitude

motivation

learning strategies

----cognitive strategies

----metacognitive strategies

----affect/social strategies

overgeneralization