电气132班 高凡
Introduction
The United States as the world's most advanced countries, its education system pit is also the most distinctive. As a country of freedom and people's democracy, he has a special way of education, pay attention to cultivate students' logical thinking ability and imagination, also full of national characteristics on education - free.
Guide the American ideal of the education system
Americans believe the education fair and education equality is the core of social justice and social equality, and it is a long-term goal, until today, the U.S. government and the American people in the pursuit of education equality and education fairness, taken many effective measures, and good results have been achieved.
The President of the United States attaches great importance to education fair and education equality of opportunity.The government and the folk of equality, freedom, equality of opportunity, long-term unremitting pursuit, make the United States today tend to be more fair and equal opportunity of education goals. Advocates the education opportunity equality and education fair and has formed the diversity of American education, open to different levels (ability to learn and open economic conditions), international, and the characteristics of flexibility, make American education can not only meet the needs of different people, different levels of people, to ensure the education fairness and equality of opportunity, and can meet and make full use of different personality characteristics of the education object, make the education full of vigor and vitality.
Pays attention to the cultivation of humanistic spirit. Americans believe the humanistic spirit in essence is a kind of freedom, consciousness and critical spirit, the good and evil, beauty and ugliness, right and wrong judgment, tolerance, respect, cooperation spirit, etc., including the harmony between human and nature, is the
humanistic spirit. I study and interview of American schools and American professors, including the American family, to cultivate children's humanities and humanism quality seriously.
American schools tend to put more emphasis on developing critical thinking than to buy a lot of facts
The report's call for education reform has been a response to the nation's top, and one of the most powerful responses is a wave of critical thinking research and practice. Personal efforts, organizational measures and social concerns are woven into a network of critical thinking activities across the country. Of course, in theory, the critical thinking movement in the last century 70's has been germination, but by the education reform report movement of the east wind in the 80's booming, and even can be said that has been extended to the present.
In primary and secondary schools, teachers who spend their time understanding and learning critical thinking from their own experience will be integrated into their teaching content, showing a variety of different teaching styles. For example, high school history teacher O'Reilly (Kevin O'Reilly) in the teaching of historical sources of information reliability design classroom corridor of a scuffle performances, then let students witness tells what happened things. He put all the students and people that the instructions given in 1775 compared to the battle of lexington. When these students try to determine which witnesses are the most accurate instructions and reflecting on why a history that than another better or worse, they were armed with critical skills, which in the classroom O'Reilly continued to be exploited. These critical skills are related to the reliability and accuracy of the testimony, observation, and more general information sources, and they are of great importance in life outside the classroom. O'Leary's students use these skills to all textbooks on Lexington incident shows the accuracy of make many critical sense of judgment, and those that are merely oriented \"accept the fact that reading students can not make this kind of judgment.
Chinese schools should do something to cultivate students' critical
thinking
Many educational experts hold different views on the way to train critical thinking, but most agree that critical thinking skills can not only be taught, but also should be taught. Teaching and training critical thinking, there are two possible ways. A possible approach is to use specially designed for teaching and training students' critical thinking courses; another possible route is stressed the critical thinking teaching permeate into the regular classes, interest classes and activities for class.
1.To establish the application of critical thinking
We want to clarify things the ins and outs of and make the right decisions must take effective critical study belief also is set using the belief of critical thinking.
2, the creation of critical thinking course
An important role of critical thinking courses is to develop critical thinking habits. Critical thinking course can lay a good foundation for developing this kind of thinking habit. Another important role of critical thinking is to improve and improve the quality of people's daily thinking.
3, grasp the awareness of the problem
The starting point of thinking process is the formation and determination of the problem. The formation and determination of the problem has an important influence on the whole process of thinking.
4, good at using the art of thinking
When we establish a problem, we must work hard to think and find a reasonable answer. The thinking process depends on the operation of the art. The art of thinking is to dare to think, to think, to think. Dare to think is to think boldly, not afraid of power, not easy to obey. The courage to think is an indispensable substance to the discovery of a great truth. It requires the courage and conviction to seek truth and to defend it.
In short, thinking is an art. Only dare to think about, thinking, thinking, and innovation can be found.
5, to develop students' critical thinking skills
Critical thinking consists of two aspects: critical skill and critical spirit. Critical spirit is the mental state of readiness, intention and tendency to judge. It can activate the individual critical thinking consciousness, prompting the individual to think in a certain direction, and to look at the problem. Critical thinking skills and critical spirit are complementary to each other.
6, the cultivation of students' critical spirit
To cultivate students' critical spirit, we must start from three aspects of school education, family education and social education.
7, to carry out various forms of internal and external activities.
We in addition to cultivate students' critical thinking ability in the teaching of all subjects, teachers can carry out various forms of inside and outside class activities according to the specific situation.
8, the creation of a sense of adventure and learning environment and develop collaborative learning habits
In order to develop critical thinking and creative thinking, educators need to establish a learning environment that encourages risk-taking, enhanced confidence and a relaxed atmosphere.
9, the use of \"six thinking hat method\"
In the training of critical thinking, be good at using the six thinking hat method\". Bono Edwar De, an American scholar, has developed six thinking hats and is popular in the Western business world, the most effective thinking training, but also in the field of education. It provides a \"parallel thinking\" tool, its main function is to establish a thinking framework for people. 参考文献
1.《当代教育学》 袁振国 教育科学出版社2000年版
2.《中国教育家评传》 沈灌群、王礼锐主编 上海教育出版社1989年版 3.《中国古代教育论著选》 华东师大、浙江大学教育系主编人民教育出版社2000年版
4.《西方近代教育论著选》 任仲印主编 人民教育出版社2001年版
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