常用点明主题的句型。 二、常用点明主题的句型。 1. It has been said that „ 开头写法常用的句型。 开头写法常用的句型。
2. In my opinion, it is right to „ 3. In a certain sense, „ 常用介绍评述对象的句型。 三、常用介绍评述对象的句型。 1. „refer to „ 2. „may be described as „ 3. „can be defined as „
常用交代目的的句型。 四、常用交代目的的句型。 开头写法常用的句型。 开头写法常用的句型。
1. In order to „ I write this passage. 2. The present author (笔者、本文作者)has written 笔者、本文作者) this essay so as to „ 3. This article is written not for the purpose of „, but for the purpose of „ 4. The composition is written for the sake of „ 5. I have this report published in the hope of „ 6. Owing to(Because of, Due to)„, I write these ( ) words. 开头写法常用的句型。 开头写法常用的句型。 五、常用提出问题的句型。 常用提出问题的句型。
now plays such an influential part in people’s lives that it is essential for us to try to decide whether it is a blessing (福 ) or a curse (祸 ). 福 祸 Obviously has both bright side and dark side. But does the former outweigh the latter? 开头写法常用的句型。 开头写法常用的句型。
六、引用名人名言或谚语俗语开头时,常用以下句型。 引用名人名言或谚语俗语开头时,常用以下句型。
1. An ancient Chinese saying goes, “ „ ”. 2. As an English proverb exposes one truth , “ „ ”. 3. A motto (箴言,座右铭 reads, “ „ ”. 箴言, 箴言 座右铭) 4. A famous philosopher once said, “ „ ”.
作文主体。英语文章常用的“ Ⅵ. 作文主体。英语文章常用的“启、承”表达方 式: 有关“ 的常用词语:用于引导主题句, 1. 有关“启”的常用词语:用于引导主题句,或用于主 题句的后面,引导第一个扩展句。 题句的后面,引导第一个扩展句。 first (ly) first of all in the first place to begin with to start with recently 第一 首先, 首先,第一 首先, 首先,第一 首先, 首先,第一 首先, 首先,第一 最近 at first in the beginning at present currently lately now 最初 起初 现在 目前 最近 现在 generally speaking 一般说来 on the whole 从总体上看 for one thing (常与 常与for another连用) 连用) 首先 连用 on (the) one hand(常与 the other hand 连用) 一方面 连用) (常与on 有关“ 的常用词语:用于承接主题句或第一个( 2. 有关“承”的常用词语:用于承接主题句或第一个(或前 一 扩展句。 个)扩展句。 second (ly) 第二, 第二,第二点 in other words 换句话说 third (ly) 第三, 第三,第三点 in particular 尤其是 also (or too) 并且, 并且,又,也 in the same way 同样地 besides (this) after that 此外 此后
in addition in addition to furthermore moreover what is more just as for example
as an example at the same time by this time 此外 除······之外 之外 而且; 而且;此外 而且; 而且;此外 而且; 而且;此外 正如 例如 例如 同时 此时
afterwards after a few days after a while from now on apart from similarly for instance meanwhile as another example namely 此后 几天之后 过了一会儿 从现在开始 除······之外 之外 同样地 例如 与此同时 再如 即;就是
soon then 不久 of course for this purpose 当然 equally important 同样重要 another example is„ for another 前句有for one thing)其次 (前句有 ) a case in point is 适当的例子是 to illustrate in another case 比如 an illustration of this 例如 for another instance still another„ 再如 for another example 然后 为此 再如 再如 再如 再如
有关“ 的常用词语:用来表示不同或相反的情况。 1. 有关“转”的常用词语:用来表示不同或相反的情况。
英语文章常用的“转、合”表达 方式
on the contrary 相反地 in contrast 相比之下 unlike„ 与······不同 unlike 不同 whereas„ 然而 然而······ whereas nonetheless 尽管如此 conversely 相反 though 尽管如此 although 虽然
after all 毕竟 but 但是 仍然, yet 仍然, 然而 however 然而 nevertheless 尽管如此 all the same 但是 unfortunately 不幸地 still 仍然 2.有关“ 2.有关“合”的常用词语(1):用于小结段落中上文的内 有关 的常用词语(1): (1) 容、引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结 束。
in fact 事实上 despite / in spite of 尽管 by comparison 比较而言 by contrast 对比而言 as a matter of fact 事实上 in reality 实际上 另一方面as on the other hand 另一方面as has been noted 如前所述 finally 最后 as I have said 如我所述 hence 因此 at last 终于 in brief 简言之 in conclusion 总之 最后, at length 最后, 终于 in short 简而言之 in consequence 结果 in summary 概括地说 by and large 一般说来 2.有关“ 2.有关“合”的常用词语(2):用于小结段落中上文的内 有关 的常用词语(2): (2) 容、引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结 束。
no doubt 毫无疑问 undoubtedly 无疑 truly 的确 so 所以 obviously 显然 certainly 无疑 in sum 总而言之
briefly 简单地说 above all 最重要的是 as a consequence 因此 as a result 结果 for this reason 正因为如此 in a word 一言以敝之 for that reason 正因为如此
consequently 因此 therefore 因此 eventually 最终 thus 因此 accordingly 于是 to sum up 总而言之 indeed 的确 to conclude 总而言之 surely 无疑 to summarize 总而言之 in the final analysis 分析归结到一点 as the above examples show 如上述例子所示
提示: 提示: 上面所列各种“ 1. 上面所列各种“启、承、转、合”表达 方式只是一个基本分类。 方式只是一个基本分类。在不同的上 下文中,有的表达方式如: 下文中,有的表达方式如:naturally, obviously, consequently 等可以表 达多种逻辑关系。 达多种逻辑关系。在具体的上下文中 究竟哪一个为最佳表达方式仍需进一 步甄选。 步甄选。 2. 并不是任何一个段落都有一个 完整的“ 完整的“启、承、转、合”过 一般说来, 程。一般说来,“启、承”比 较固定, 较固定,而“转、合”则往往 要取决于文体和段落的发
展方 法。
文章结尾( Ⅶ. 文章结尾(一)
作文结尾处理不当的常见类型: 作文结尾处理不当的常见类型:
前面段落写得比较仔细、精致, 1. 前面段落写得比较仔细、精致,而到结尾部分因所剩时 间不多只能“草率收兵” 导致收笔不力。 间不多只能“草率收兵”,导致收笔不力。 本该用于结尾的话在前面段落中已“超前”说出, 2. 本该用于结尾的话在前面段落中已“超前”说出,到了结 尾无话可说。只能硬凑几句,文章给人“头重脚轻” 尾无话可说。只能硬凑几句,文章给人“头重脚轻”的感 觉。
文章结尾( 文章结尾(一) 作文结尾处理不当的常见类型: 作文结尾处理不当的常见类型:
在最后引述个人看法时,与前面段落内容重合。 3. 在最后引述个人看法时,与前面段落内容重合。还有的学 生仅仅表个态:同意上面第一或第二类观点。 生仅仅表个态:同意上面第一或第二类观点。没有个人见 或者观点落入俗套、毫无新意可言。 解,或者观点落入俗套、毫无新意可言。 “信马由缰 信马由缰” 随心所欲, 4. “信马由缰”,随心所欲, 该收尾时收不住。 该收尾时收不住。 画蛇添足” 节外生枝, 5. “画蛇添足”,节外生枝, 画蛇添足 导致功亏一篑。 导致功亏一篑。 文章结尾( 文章结尾(二)
结尾部分可能使用的结束语I 仅供参考) 结尾部分可能使用的结束语I(仅供参考) 意犹未尽。此类结束语往往能唤起读者的期待感。 一、 意犹未尽。此类结束语往往能唤起读者的期待感。 1) The suggestion (proposal, plan, scheme, etc.) is open to question (discussion, argument, etc.). 2) The phenomenon remains to be further studied. 3) This article is only the beginning of a long essay. 4) What has been discussed above is only the tip of an iceberg (冰山一角 冰山一角). 冰山一角
号召呼吁。 二、 号召呼吁。有的作者往往在此类结束语中提 出一些具体建议。 出一些具体建议。 1) It’s time for us to realize the urgency of the situation. Complaint and gloom are useless; we should read just to new challenges. Today we must take immediate actions to preserve a hopeful tomorrow.
2. ) Though we have made much progress, we must remember that it is only the first step in the right direction. Let’s continue to contribute our efforts and ideas. To solve the problem (To reach our goals, To realize our dreams, To carry out the project further, etc.), we still have a long way to go.
3) To realize this vision, we should initiate (开始, 开始, 开始 着手) 着手 a series of measures. Firstly, government must enforce strategic policy in the long run. Secondly, the development of has to come along with the perfecting of the country’s laws (or democracy or social security network, etc.). Thirdly, the power to implement laws (执法力度 执法力度) 执法力度 should be strengthened. All this means that we must take immediate and efficient actions. 文章结尾( 文章结尾(二)
结尾部分可能使用的结束语II 结尾部分可能使用的结束语II 预测展望
1. Much of the worsening situation could be changed if all sides make more effective efforts. We have high hopes for people because they may translate high spirit into more concrete and practical actions.
2. Fortunately the solutions are in sight. The success of previous practice indicates a new dimension(direction方 ( 方 向). Advanced science and technology will be introduced and applied in solving the problem. The road is tough, but the future is bright. 3. Clearly, as the economy develops and society advances, will play increasingly important roles in modern life, and will thus become an indispensable part for people’s life.
4. Every old game has a definite end, and every new one is a world reborn. The change will be a turning point from poverty to prosperity (繁荣 We are confident that we 繁荣). 繁荣 will bring our hopes to fruition, and we are certain that tomorrow will be better than today. 文章结尾( 文章结尾(二)
结尾部分可能使用的结束语II 结尾部分可能使用的结束语II
归纳总结 1. Obviously, the use of (某种技术、发 (某种技术、 明、革新项目如克隆技术、互联网、转基因食 革新项目如克隆技术、互联网、 数码电视或生活用品如汽车、电话、 品、数码电视或生活用品如汽车、电话、空调 等), like anything else, has both advantages and disadvantages. While they are so indispensable to mankind they also bring serious problems. We can only hope that people, while making the best use of , will eventually find a satisfactory solution to the problems caused by them. 2. So we can conclude: can give us enjoyment, and also bring some troubles. All that depends on how we make use of it. We should make it our good servant, not our bad master.
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