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PHP Swoole长连接常见问题总结

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我们此时正在监听lo上的6666端口的数据包。

然后我们用客户端去连接它：

~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # nc 127.0.0.1 6666

此时服务端会打印出消息：

~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php
string(17) "Client: Connect 1"

tcpdump的输出信息如下：

01:48:40.178439 IP localhost.33933 > localhost.6666: Flags [S], seq 43162537, win 43690, options [mss 695,sackOK,TS val 9833698 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
01:48:40.178484 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.33933: Flags [S.], seq 1327460565, ack 43162538, win 43690, options [mss 695,sackOK,TS val 9833698 ecr 9833698,nop,wscale 7], length 0
01:48:40.178519 IP localhost.33933 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9833698 ecr 9833698], length 0
01:48:44.229926 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.33933: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9834104 ecr 9833698], length 0
01:48:44.229951 IP localhost.33933 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9834104 ecr 9833698], length 0
01:48:44.229926 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.33933: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9834104 ecr 9833698], length 0
01:48:44.229951 IP localhost.33933 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9834104 ecr 9833698], length 0
01:48:44.229926 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.33933: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9834104 ecr 9833698], length 0
// 省略了其他的输出

我们会发现最开始的时候，会打印三次握手的包：

01:48:40.178439 IP localhost.33933 > localhost.6666: Flags [S], seq 43162537, win 43690, options [mss 695,sackOK,TS val 9833698 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
01:48:40.178484 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.33933: Flags [S.], seq 1327460565, ack 43162538, win 43690, options [mss 695,sackOK,TS val 9833698 ecr 9833698,nop,wscale 7], length 0
01:48:40.178519 IP localhost.33933 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9833698 ecr 9833698], length 0

然后，停留了4s没有任何包的输出。

之后，每隔1s左右就会打印出一组：

01:52:.359341 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.43101: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9859144 ecr 9858736], length 0
 01:52:.359377 IP localhost.43101 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9859144 ecr 9855887], length 0

其实这就是我们配置的策略：

 'tcp_keepinterval' => 1, // 1s探测一次
 'tcp_keepcount' => 5, // 探测的次数，超过5次后还没有回包close此连接

因为我们操作系统底层会自动的给客户端回ack，所以这个连接不会在5次探测后被关闭。操作系统底层会持续不断的发送这样的一组包：

01:52:.359341 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.43101: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9859144 ecr 9858736], length 0
 01:52:.359377 IP localhost.43101 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9859144 ecr 9855887], length 0

如果我们要测试5次探测后关闭这个连接，可以禁掉6666端口的包：

 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 6666 -j DROP

这样会把所有从6666端口进来的包给禁掉，自然，服务器就接收不到从客户端那一边发来的ack包了。

然后服务器过5秒就会打印出close（服务端主动的调用了close方法，给客户端发送了FIN包）：

 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php
 string(17) "Client: Connect 1"
 string(10) "close fd 1"

我们恢复一下iptables的规则：

 ~/codeDir/phpCode # iptables -D INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 6666 -j DROP

即把我们设置的规则给删除了。

通过tcp_keepalive的方式实现心跳的功能，优点是简单，不要写代码就可以完成这个功能，并且发送的心跳包小。缺点是依赖于系统的网络环境，必须保证服务器和客户端都实现了这样的功能，需要客户端配合发心跳包。

还有一个更为严重的缺点是如果客户端和服务器不是直连的，而是通过代理来进行连接的，例如socks5代理，它只会转发应用层的包，不会转发更为底层的tcp探测包，那这个心跳功能就失效了。

所以，Swoole就提供了其他的解决方案，一组检测死连接的配置。

 'heartbeat_check_interval' => 1, // 1s探测一次
 'heartbeat_idle_time' => 5, // 5s未发送数据包就close此连接

swoole实现的heartbeat

我们来测试一下：

<?php
 
$server = new SwooleServer('127.0.0.1', 6666, SWOOLE_PROCESS);
 
$server->set([
'worker_num' => 1,
'heartbeat_check_interval' => 1, // 1s探测一次
'heartbeat_idle_time' => 5, // 5s未发送数据包就close此连接
]);
 
$server->on('connect', function ($server, $fd) {
var_dump("Client: Connect $fd");
});
 
$server->on('receive', function ($server, $fd, $reactor_id, $data) {
var_dump($data);
});
 
$server->on('close', function ($server, $fd) {
var_dump("close fd $fd");
});
 
$server->start();

然后启动服务器：

~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php

然后启动tcpdump：

 ~/codeDir/phpCode # tcpdump -i lo port 6666
 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
 listening on lo, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes

然后再启动客户端：

~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # nc 127.0.0.1 6666

此时服务器端打印：

~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php
 string(17) "Client: Connect 1"

然后tcpdump打印：

02:48:32.516093 IP localhost.42123 > localhost.6666: Flags [S], seq 1088388248, win 43690, options [mss 695,sackOK,TS val 10193342 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
02:48:32.516133 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.42123: Flags [S.], seq 80508236, ack 1088388249, win 43690, options [mss 695,sackOK,TS val 10193342 ecr 10193342,nop,wscale 7], length 0
02:48:32.516156 IP localhost.42123 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10193342 ecr 10193342], length 0

这是三次握手信息。

然后过了5s后，tcpdump会打印出：

02:48:36.985027 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.42123: Flags [F.], seq 1, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 101937 ecr 10193342], length 0

02:48:36.992172 IP localhost.42123 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 2, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10193790 ecr 101937], length 0

也就是服务端发送了FIN包。因为客户端没有发送数据，所以Swoole关闭了连接。

然后服务器端会打印：

 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php
 string(17) "Client: Connect 1"
 string(10) "close fd 1"

所以，heartbeat和tcp keepalive还是有一定的区别的，tcp keepalive有保活连接的功能，但是heartbeat存粹是检测没有数据的连接，然后关闭它，并且只可以在服务端这边配置，如果需要保活，也可以让客户端配合发送心跳。

如果我们不想让服务端close掉连接，那么就得在应用层里面不断的发送数据包来进行保活，例如我在nc客户端里面不断的发送包：

~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # nc 127.0.0.1 6666
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping

我发送了9个ping包给服务器，tcpdump的输出如下：

// 省略了三次握手的包
02:57:53.697363 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 1:6, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10249525 ecr 10249307], length 5
02:57:53.697390 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 6, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10249525 ecr 10249525], length 0
02:57:55.309532 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 6:11, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10249686 ecr 10249525], length 5
02:57:55.309576 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 11, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10249686 ecr 10249686], length 0
02:57:58.395206 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 11:16, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10249994 ecr 10249686], length 5
02:57:58.395239 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 16, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10249994 ecr 10249994], length 0
02:58:01.858094 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 16:21, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10250341 ecr 10249994], length 5
02:58:01.858126 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 21, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10250341 ecr 10250341], length 0
02:58:04.132584 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 21:26, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10250568 ecr 10250341], length 5
02:58:04.132609 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 26, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10250568 ecr 10250568], length 0
02:58:05.5704 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 26:31, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10250744 ecr 10250568], length 5
02:58:05.5728 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 31, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10250744 ecr 10250744], length 0
02:58:07.150265 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 31:36, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10250870 ecr 10250744], length 5
02:58:07.150288 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 36, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10250870 ecr 10250870], length 0
02:58:08.349124 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 36:41, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10250990 ecr 10250870], length 5
02:58:08.349156 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 41, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10250990 ecr 10250990], length 0
02:58:09.906223 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 41:46, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10251145 ecr 10250990], length 5
02:58:09.906247 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 46, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10251145 ecr 10251145], length 0

有9组数据包的发送。（这里的Flags [P.]代表Push的含义）

此时服务器还没有close掉连接，实现了客户端保活连接的功能。然后我们停止发送ping，过了5秒后tcpdump就会输出一组：

02:58:14.811761 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [F.], seq 1, ack 46, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10251636 ecr 10251145], length 0

02:58:14.8120 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 2, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10251637 ecr 10251636], length 0

服务端那边发送了FIN包，说明服务端close掉了连接。服务端的输出如下：

~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php
string(17) "Client: Connect 1"
string(5) "ping
"
string(5) "ping
"
string(5) "ping
"
string(5) "ping
"
string(5) "ping
"
string(5) "ping
"
string(5) "ping
"
string(5) "ping
"
string(5) "ping
"
string(10) "close fd 1"

然后我们在客户端那边ctrl + c来关闭连接：

~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # nc 127.0.0.1 6666
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
^Cpunt!

~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton #

此时，tcpdump的输出如下：

 03:03:02.257667 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [F.], seq 46, ack 2, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10280414 ecr 10251636], length 0
 03:03:02.257734 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [R], seq 2678621620, win 0, length 0

应用层心跳

1、制定ping/pong协议（mysql等自带ping协议）

2、客户端灵活的发送ping心跳包

3、服务端OnRecive检查可用性回复pong

例如：

$server->on('receive', function (SwooleServer $server, $fd, $reactor_id, $data)
{
if ($data == 'ping')
{
checkDB();
checkServiceA();
checkRedis();
$server->send('pong');
}
});

结论

1、tcp的keepalive最简单，但是有兼容性问题，不够灵活

2、swoole提供的keepalive最实用，但是需要客户端配合，复杂度适中

3、应用层的keepalive最灵活但是最麻烦

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